Concept of control system in cell. is thedjejekekek

Djdkke

1. Concept of control system in
living cell
Course instructor: AsimBikasDas

2. Schematicdiagramsrepresenting
modelsindifferentdisciplines.Each
diagramisusedtoillustratethe
dynamicsofafeedbacksystem:(a)
electricalschematicsforapower
system(b)abiologicalcircuitdiagram
forasyntheticclockcircuit(c)a
processdiagramforadistillation
column(d)aPetrinetdescriptionofa
communicationprotocol.
Dynamics of a feedback system

3. feedback in cell signalling pathway

4. Concept of Transcription control
Transcription factor
(protein)
DNA

6. Control system in bacteria (gene regulation)
Lactose metabolism in bacteria

7. Logic Gates
InputOutput
Truth (1) False (0)
False (0)Truth (1)
Y= A.B
Input (A)Input (B)Output(Y)
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Truth table
AND

8. Truth table for lacoperon
Input (1)-glucoseInput(2)-lactoseOutput
1 1 0
1 0 0
0 0 0
0 1 1
CarbohydratesLacIRepressorRNA Polymerase
Transcription of
Lac Operon
+ Glucose, +
Lactose
Lifted off operator
site
Keeps falling off
promoter site
Very low
transcription
+ Glucose, -
Lactose
Bound to operator
site
Blocked by
repressor
No transcription
-Glucose, -
Lactose
Bound to operator
site
Blocked by the
repressor
No transcription
-Glucose, +
Lactose
Lifted off operator
site
Sits on promoter
site
TRANSCRIPTION

9. Construction of Synthetic circuit of lactose metabolism
Table 1 Glucose NOT Gate
Input (Glucose)Output
1 0
0 1
Glucose and Lactose AND Gate
Input 1 (Table 1
Output)
Input 2 (Lactose)Output
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

11. Autoregulation of gene expression

12. The cell as a system: The major subsystems are sensing,
signaling, regulation, and metabolism

13. Cell cycle

14. •Cells are formed by the splitting of preexisting cells—that is, by cell division.
Cell cycle and cell division
•Cells cycle is required for cell division or generating new cells.
Cell Division or replication
The basic steps in cellular replication are
(1)copying the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid),
(2)separating the copies, and
(3)dividing the cytoplasm to create two complete cells
Instructor : Dr. Asim Bikas Das, Section: G
Engineering Biology

15. Life on Earth to exist cell cycle is a critical process
What happens to a cell if it does not copy DNA /Chromosomes before it divides?
1.
Can lead to tumor formation and cancer. In fact, many cancers are caused by
mutations in the cell cycle proteins.
2.
Stop the cell division
(No growth)
Tumor growth
Instructor : Dr. Asim Bikas Das, Section: G
Engineering Biology

16. Thedivisionofeukaryoticcellsislikeawell-choreographedstageperformance.Themost
visuallystimulatingpartoftheshowoccurswhencellsareintheprocessofseparating
theirchromosomes,calledM(mitoticormeiotic)phase.Therestofthetime,thecellisin
Interphase(“betweenphase”).
Phases of cell cycle and check points
S : Synthesis phase
G1: First gap ( all organelles
duplicated and cell prepare for DNA
synthesis
G2: Second gap ( synthesis of all
protein and enzyme required for cell
division)
Instructor : Dr. Asim Bikas Das, Section: G
Engineering Biology

17. Phases of cell cycle
Division of nucleus and cytoplasm

18. M (Mitosis)-Phase
Biologists have identified five subphaseswithin M phase based on distinctive events
that occur: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Instructor : Dr. Asim Bikas Das, Section: G
Engineering Biology

19. Control of cell cycle