CONCEPT OF DISEASES IN SOCIOLOGY for physiotherapist.pptx

Definition of disease, students must have aware about diseases and its synonyms , they will easily understand the epidemiology triad and they will understand the factors or agents of diseases

1. CONCEPT OF DISEASES DR. NIDHI AGARWAL (PHD, MPT) RAMA INSTITUTE OF PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES

2. Concept of Disease A disease is a detrimental alteration to an organism's structure, function, or metabolism. It may show up as a collection of signs, symptoms, and test results. Disease implies distress, inconvenience, uneasiness.

3. Definition A state of body or its organs which interferes with the functioning of the body, deranges its functions. ‘Maladjustment between environment and organs of human body’—Ecological view. ‘Alteration in human body interrupting the vital functions.’ ‘Any deviations from normal functioning of the well-being.’

4. Spectrum of Disease Carrier state Incubation period Sub-clinical period Clinical manifestations: - Acute, Chronic Disease

5. Epidemiological triad Agent, host, environment are responsible for causation of disease. Host Environment Age, sex Physical Genetic composition Biological Customs Micro and macro Traditions Life style

6. Multi-factorial Theory :- Social, economic, cultural, psychological factors will influence the causation of disease. Synonyms of Disease :- Illness—The presence of disease, reaction and behaviour of person towards disease. Sickness— Symbolises social dysfunction. Disease—It is the condition of interruption of normal activities or any change in normal functioning of body or psychological well-being

7. Agent factors :- A substance, living or non-living or a force tangible or intangible, the excessive pressure or relative lack of which may initiate or perpetuate a disease process’. Disease agents may be one or multiple or combination of one or more factors is essential for the causation of disease.

8. Classification of agents Biological agent:- Eg : Microbes-bacteria, virus, protozoa, etc. Physical agent:- e.g. Exposure to excess agents like heat, cold, pressure, electricity, radiation. Nutrient agents:- e.g. Any deficiency of nutrient intake can cause disease, like anemia results from vit B12, folic acid deficiency. Mechanical agent :-e.g. Exposure to chronic friction, excess mechanical forces acting on the body parts results in dislocation, fractures, sprain, etc. Social agents like poverty, over population, isolation, deprivation, alcoholism, peer group influences, etc. Chemical agents: - Endogenous: Chemical produced within the body like uremia, serum bilirubin, ketones, uric acid, calcium carbonate

9. Host Factor

10. Environmental Factors

11. Spectrum of Disease/Gradient of Infection

12. Iceberg Phenomenon of Disease Prevalence of disease in a community may be compared with iceberg. Floating of the iceberg represents clinical cases, submerged portion refers hidden mass of disease (carriers cases); water-line represents demarcation between apparent and unapparent disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Symptomatic disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - — - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pre-symptomatic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

13. Perception of Illness Mental apprehension of the world around us through sensations’. ‘It is a procedure that uses the way our sense organs work to make us aware of our own traits as well as those of our surroundings.’. ‘If a sensation is an organism's first reaction to a stimulus, perception occurs a moment later and entails interpreting or assessing the stimulus.

14. Decision Making in Taking Treatment

15. Pre-disposing Factors in Decision-making

16. REFERENCE Textbook of Sociology for PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS