Concept of garbhadhan and garbha

compilation of ayurvedic concept of garbhadhan

1. Concept of Garbhadhan and Garbha Reetu Pandey MD 1 st yr PTSR

2. Garbhadhan Samskara:The Science Of Conception Vedas have described various aspect pertaining to health and disease which includes procreation, most imp for continuation races, Eg : healthy plant comes with healthy seed, soil, season, water so as human being . Health is cyclic

3. Ayurveda fixed some rules and regulations for upliftment of human race by getting shreyasi prajam . Age for conception: suitable age of man for conception is 25 yrs and age of women is 16 yrs because at this age male and female are fully mature physically and psychycologicaly hence they should attempt for achievement of conception

4. Time of conception According to astrological principles the ideal time to get Garbhadhan sanskar (pregnant) is the 4th and 16th lunar days after menstruation. Besides these lunar days the 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 14th, days are favorable for Garbhadhan sanskar according to ayurveda . Nakshatra For Garbhadhan sanskar the Uttraphalguni , Uttrabhadrapada , Rohini , Mrigashira , Anuradha , Hasta , Swati , Shravan , Ghanistha nakshatras are very auspicious.  

5. P urva samyog vidhi/ pre conceptional councelling SHODHAN: It is of 2 types: External purification Internal purification External purification : It consist of snehan followed by swedan and then undergo purification methods like vaman , virechan and vasti . Internal purification : Euphoria ( saumanasyam ) is the best aid for achieving good pregnancy, saumanasyam garbhkaranam

6. Maintenance of saumanasyam : Avoiding negative emotions like krodha , shoka , bhaya , dwesha etc. Dev and brahmin pujan , Hearing soft enthusiastic stories, Utility of purva samyog vidhi : This samskara is said to do away with all impurities related to conception and reproductive system of female and male so as to ensure the birth of a healthy child.

7. Clinical importance : to ensure that the women enters pregnancy with an optimal state of health which would be safe both to herself and fetus. It is the time to identify any risk factor that could affect the pregnancy or perinatal outcome. Women and their partner being encouraged to prepare actively for pregnancy and as healthy as possible. Folic acid supplementation(4 mg / day) 4 wks prior to conception

8. Method of conception From the day of onset of menstruation female should follow brahmcharya for 3 days, on 4 th day she should take bath with washing her head also, and wear white garments than enter the place of god and should offer oblation with rice and ghrit . To get male child even days of ritukala should be selected, and for female child odd day of ritukala should be selected. Even days the quantity of artava is less and on odd days quantity of artava increase thus leading to birth of male or female child respectively.

9. Borne child acquires similar characters of that type of diet , behavior, and conduct followed by couple at time of intercourse. Ahara and vihara : Male : should have food containing ghrit , rice and milk Ghrita – Pitta anilharam rasa shukra ojasam hitam With these property ghrita increasse the quality of shukra . All these having madhura rasa and sheeta virya property which promotes the production of shukra dhatu Female : should consume the food containing of taila and masha . Taila - having the property of yonivishodhan so helps in transportation of sperm from vagina by purifying it.

10. Taila and masha are ushna virya which increases the quality and quantity of aartava , Behavior Sumanasya and kalyan-kamana : she should remain of peaceful mind and positive thoughts, relatives and husband have tender words and behavior with her. Anyonya – abhikamata : psychological intimacy of couples, decorative environment. White color clothing: unique vibration of each color could have specific effect on psyche , white probably indicates tranquility pacification and sattva guna . Time -An appropriate auspicious period of night facilitate garbhadhan

11. Clinical importance Favorable external environment and sound interpersonal relationship described in ayu prove well in dealing with even sexual dysfunction. Physically or mentally ill male or female can become infertile

12. Factors essential for conception Dhruvam chaturnam sanindhyat garbhah syat vidhi purvakh I Ritu kshetraambubijanam samgrayadankuro yatha II With these factors vag has described that besides healthy garbhashaya ( uterus), marga (vaginal canal), rakta (ovum), shukra (sperm), proper function of vayu (nervous system and harmons ) and normal psychological status are also essential.

13. 1) Ritu kala Thirty days or one month is required for completion of the Ritu Chakra. It is divided into three phases according to changes occur in the female both in the genital organ and general body. i.e. Rajahstrava kala 3-5 days. Ritu kala 12 or 16 days. Rituvyatita kala 9-13 days. Ritu kala is the appropriate period for Beejotsarga and also for Garbhadhana . The uterus is ready for nidation , ovum is ready for fertilization , Vagina is ready to allow the passage of sperm through.

14. Changes of Genital organs during R i tukala

15. Clinical imp It is considered as proliferative or peri ovulatory period, By the end of the peri ovulatory phase the mature follicle will develop and rupture, excrete the oocyte with some granulosa cells into oviduct. The oocyte is now competent to undergo fertilization. Prediction of ovulation is imp to advice the alternative day for practice of intercourse in case of infertility due to oligospermia Imp to collect ovum for in vitro fertilization

16. 2) Kshetra Tatra shukra rupa beeja prarohanat I Shukra enters in to female like a seed hence is called kshetra Being the origin of children the women is considered as kshetra and is the best aphrodisiac , Shukshma kesha pratikasha beejarakta vahah shirah I Garbhashyam tarpyanti masad beejay kalpate II Garbhashya also termed as kshetra , its interior was lined by minute capillary for whole month to receives the fertilized ova and give nourishment to it .

17. Clinical imp: Garbhashya represents the interior of uterus i.e. emdometrium with all its decidual changes which provides good nidus for implantation of blastocyst , supplies nutrition to early growing zygote by its rich source of glycogen and fat. reception-ready phase of the endometrium of the uterus is usually termed the "implantation window” . The implantation window follows around 6 days after the peak in luteinizing hormone levels (20th to the 23rd day after the last menstrual period.)

18. 3) Ambu Ambuh punara-aharpakajo vyapi rasadhatu I Ambu is the rasa dhatu derived as end product of food digestion with reference to implanted ovum and zygote. Growth of the fetus is result of ahara rasa of mother because the rasavaha srotas of mother are connected to nabhi nadi of garbha through which potent nutrients are circulated to fetus. Clinical importance: the blood , inter cellular fluid of endometrium and secretions of endometrial glands with required nutrients without any abnormality is helpful for growing fetus.

19. The embryo spends approximately 72 hours in the uterine cavity before implanting. In that time, it cannot receive nourishment directly from the blood of the mother, and must rely on secreted nutrients into the uterine cavity, e.g. iron and fat-soluble vitamins. endometrium secretes several steroid-dependent proteins, important for growth and implantation. Cholesterol and steroids are also secreted.

20. 4) Beeja Beeja iti shukra shonite I Beeja considered as male and female gametes Mother and father by providing gametes can be claimed as chief contributors for the formation of fetus Stree beeja : Human ovum is the largest cell of body and have specific name for its parts Cytoplasm--- ooplasm / yolk/ vittelus Nucleus--- germinal vesicle

21. Nucleolus--- germinal spot Cell membrane--- viteline membrane Coverings: outer– corona radiata inner_ zona pellucida Fertile life of ovum: 12 - 24 hours Time of ovulation - Day(14) after initiation of menstrual cycle

22. follicle development and Ovum structure

23. Purush beeja : sperm Bahalam madhuram snigdhamavishram guru pichchhilam I Shuklam bahu cha yat shukram phalvat tadashyanshyam II Sperm has 2 parts head and tail Head : consist condensed nucleus and acrosomal cap Tail : diveded in 4 zone Neck, middle pice , principle pice and end pice Estimate fertile life of sperm = 48 – 72 hours

24. Fertilization

25. The teja or energy generated during coitus activated vayu which leads to ejaculation of shukra into yoni which after entering into uterus by running through avartas of yoni gets mixed with artava . And now thus formed garbha with the union of agni and soma gets stabilized in uterus Fertilization is the process of union of mature male gamete (sperm) with mature female gamete (ovum) to produce new cell of life which is called (zygote) through chain of events takes place in the oviduct (fallopian tubes). Interruption of any event will cause fertilization failure. Garbhavkranti /Fertilization

26. Fertilization events a) Sperm capacitation : Freshly ejaculated sperm are unable to fertilize ovum. Rather, they must first undergo a series of changes known as capacitation . Capacitation is removal of adherent seminal plasma proteins, reorganization of plasma membrane lipids and proteins .

27. b) Acrosome reaction: The acrosome reaction involves breakdown and fusion of outer acrosome membrane with the plasma membrane of the sperm. needed for sperm to penetrate the corona radiata as well as zona pellucida .

28. c) Sperm penetration: Sperm cell penetrate cumulus oophorus by the enzyme ( hyaluronidase ) corona radiata by the enzyme (corona-penetrating enzyme) zona pellucida by the acrosin ( trypsinlike enzyme)

29. d) Consequences of fertilization In human after releasing the sperm nucleus into egg cytoplasm it stimulates the diffusion of cortical granules into the previtelline space, the erection of a barrier to prevent fertilization by more than one sperm will occur, this process is called zona reaction and vitelline block.

30. Cleavage Begins ~ 12 hours post-fertilization Zygote divides into 2 cells (mitosis) 46 chromosomes in zygote = 46 chromosomes in both daughter cells 2 cell into 4 cell stage (24 – 36 hours) 4 cell into 8 cell stage (36 – 72 hours) Morula ~ 16 cell stage Develops ~ 72 hours (3 days) from fertilization Morula enters the uterus ~ after 3 days in oviduct

31. 72 hours post- fertilization entering uterus

32. Blastocyst Morula , once entering the uterine cavity, floats freely Morula begins to accumulate fluid and forms a cavity between its cells Once cavity appears, it is now called a blastocyst .

33. Implantation Pravistha matram hi beejam rakten parivesthyate I kashyapa Beeja soon after entering in to uterine cavity is encircled by rakta (maternal blood) In humans implantation is the very early stage of pregnancy at which the embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus. At this stage of prenatal development, the embryo is a blastocys t . In humans, implantation of a fertilized ovum is most likely to occur about 9 days after ovulation, ranging between 6 and 12 days.

34. Adaptation of uterus To enable implantation, the uterus goes through changes in order to be able to receive the embryo. Predecidualization The endometrium increases thickness, becomes vascularized and its glands grow and boosted in their secretions. These changes reach their maximum about 7 days after ovulation. The luminal cells form the zona compacta of the endometrium , spongy stromal cells forms the basalolateral zona spongiosa ,

35. Decidualization The decidual cells filled with lipids and glycogen Parts of decidua Decidua basalis - This is the part of the decidua which is located basalolateral to the embryo after implantation. Decidua capsularis - Decidua capsularis grows over the embryo on the luminal side, enclosing it into the endometrium . It surrounds the embryo together with decidua basalis . Decidua parietalis - All other decidua on the uterine surface belongs to decidua parietalis .

36. Adaptation of embryo Autocrine Human chorionic gonadotropin is an autocrine growth factor for the blastocyst . Insulin-like growth factor 2 on the other hand, stimulates the invasiveness of it. Dislodging The syncytiotrophoblasts dislodges decidual cells by degradation of cell adhesion molecules linking the decidual cells together as well as degradation of the extra cellular matrix between them. Immunosuppressive The embryo differs from the cells of the mother, and would be rejected as a parasite by the immune system of the mother if it didn't secrete immunosuppressive agents.

37. Such agents are Platelet-activating factor human chorionic gonadotropin Prostaglandin E2, Prevention of menstruation Human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) not only acts as an immunosuppressive, but preventing menstruation by sustaining the function of the corpus luteum . 

38. Mechanism of implantation Zona hatching To be able to perform implantation, the blastocyst needs to get rid zona pellucida . This process can be called "hatching". Apposition The very first, loose connection between the blastocyst and the endometrium is called the apposition Adhesion Adhesion is a much stronger attachment The trophoblasts adhere by penetrating the endometrium , with protrusions of trophoblast cells.

39. Implantation

40. Communication The blastocyst signals to the endometrium to adapt further to its presence, e.g. by changes in the cytoskeleton of decidual cells. This communication is conveyed by receptor- ligand -interactions, both integrin -matrix and proteoglycanones . Invasion further establishment of the blastocyst in the endometrium .

41. GARBH According to Vaidyaka Sabda Sindhu , the Sukra Dhatu gets activated by Agni during the natural phenomenon of sexual copulation, carried by the Vayu Mahabhuta to the Yoni Mukha and unites with Artava , Such a union is said to be the Garbha . The union of Sukra and Sonita inside the Kukshi can not be termed as Garbha if the entrance of Atma doesn't occurs. Kukshi denotes Garbhasaya (or) Womb.

42. Amalgamation of physical components like shukra and artava with metaphysical element ATMA associated with prakriti and vikar is called garbha . Prakriti : The Prakriti is defined as the aspect which is stable from birth . Chakrapani says that Prakriti is nothing but Swabhavam .

43. This Prakriti is influenced by 4 factors when the Garbha is in the womb of mother. These factors are Sukra Sonita Prakriti , Kala Garbhasaya Prakriti , Maturahara Vihara Prakriti and MahabhootaVikara Prakriti Sukra Sonita Prakriti can be considered under hereditary factors, Eg : illness caused by abnormality in genome such as- polycystic kidney, sickle cell anemia, hemophillia

44. Kala Garbhasaya Prakriti is the strength and state of the genital organs, some abnormalities increases the risk of misscarriage , premature labour . Maturahara Vihara Prakriti is the diet and behaviour followed by pregnant woman during prenatal period. Because fetus gets all its nurishment from mothers bloodstream during pregnency , eg – fetal alcohol syndrome, Mahabhoota Vikara Prakriti is the derivative of Mahabhootas . These four factors influence the Garbha from the time of conception till labour

45. Vikaras : The Garbha which is a culmination of Panchamahabhootas and which is the site of Chetana is the said Vikara . Physical constitution of garbha : Sthul division of components of embryo of garbha includes panch mahabhut and atma , while shukshma division includes 24 factors governed by atma

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