Concept of health, factors affect

Nursing Foundation Unit I

1. NURSING FOUNDATION CONCEPT OF HEALTH, FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH Mr. Melvin Jacob MSc (Nursing) 1 Mr. Melvin Jacob

2. Introduction The state of one's health is reflective of an individual's ability to meet life's challenges and maintain his or her capacity for optimal functioning. This requires the various aspects of one's makeup i.e. mental, physical and biochemical, to maintain a level of functioning that has a positive influence and support for one another. 2 Mr. Melvin Jacob

3. DEFINITION The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1947). 3 Mr. Melvin Jacob

4. CONCEPT OF HEALTH Health is a common theme in most cultures. All communities have their concept of health, as a part of their culture. Oldest definition of health in all communities is “absence of disease”. 4 Mr. Melvin Jacob

5. The various changing concepts of health as follows: Biomedical concept Ecological concept Psychosocial concept Holistic concept 5 Mr. Melvin Jacob

6. 1. BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT Traditionally health has been considered as an absence of the diseases it is based on the “germ theory of the disease.” The medical profession viewed the human body as a machine and disease is an outcome of the breakdown of the machine, and one of the doctor’s tasks was to repair the machine. This concept has minimized the role of the environment, social and cultural determinants of the health. 6 Mr. Melvin Jacob

7. 2. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT Health implies relative absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous adaptation to the environment to ensure optimal function. This viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man &his environment. 7 Mr. Melvin Jacob

8. 3. PSYCHOSOCIAL CONCEPT Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned . Thus health is both a biological and social phenomenon 8 Mr. Melvin Jacob

9. 4. HOLISTIC CONCEPT The holistic approach implies that all sectors of the society have an effect on health, in particular, agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works and other sectors. 9 Mr. Melvin Jacob

10. HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM 10 Mr. Melvin Jacob

11. The health illness continuum is a graphic illustration of a well being ,concept first proposed by John. W . Travis in 1972. 11 Mr. Melvin Jacob

12. The health-illness continuum illustrates this process of change, in which the individual experiences various states of health and illness (ranging from extremely good health to death) that fluctuate throughout his life. 12 Mr. Melvin Jacob

13. . Composed of two arrows pointing in opposite direction and joined at a neutral point. 13 Mr. Melvin Jacob

14. Movement to the right of the arrows (toward the high level of wellness) equals an increase in level of health and wellbeing Achieved in three steps , Awareness Education Growth 14 Mr. Melvin Jacob

15. Movement to the left to the arrows (towards premature death) equates a progressively decreasing state of health. Achieved in three steps, Signs Symptoms Disability 15 Mr. Melvin Jacob

16. Most important is the direction that the individual facing on the pathway If towards high level of health , a person has genuinely optimistic or positive out look despite his/ her health status. If towards premature death , a person has a genuinely pessimistic or negative out look about his or her health status . 16 Mr. Melvin Jacob

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18. Compares treatment model with a wellness model , If treatment model is used ,an individual can move right only to the neutral point. Eg : A hypertensive client who only takes his medications without making any other life style changes. If wellness model is used , an individual can move right passing the neutral point. Eg :As hypertensive client not only takes medications but stops smoking , looses weight , starts an exercise programme etc. 18 Mr. Melvin Jacob

19. FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH 19 Mr. Melvin Jacob

20. The factors which determine the health of an individual are many. Some are inside the body (genetic) and some are outside the body (environmental factors). 20 Mr. Melvin Jacob

21. Genetic The health of the human being is to some extent is determined by genetic constitutional that take place at the time of consumption. Once the constitution of genes take place its permanent and cannot be altered. 21 Mr. Melvin Jacob

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23. Environmental Internal environment is constituted by various organs and systems of the body. The external environment is made up of physical (air, soil, water) Biological( plants, animals) social(culture, beliefs ,tradition) Any disturbance either in the internal or external environment disturbs the health of the individuals . 23 Mr. Melvin Jacob

24. Other factors affecting Life style Socioeconomic Conditions Education Occupation Income Health services Personal hygiene Exercise cont…. 24 Mr. Melvin Jacob

25. Rest and sleep Posture Clean home environment Influence of smoking, alcohol and drugs Climate and clothing Safety measures at play and work Our eating habits 25 Mr. Melvin Jacob

26. Conclusion The Illness-Wellness Continuum has been viewed as promoting preventive treatment, which improves wellbeing before an individual presents with signs or symptoms of illness, as well as educating people to be aware of and avoid risk factors, in order to protect against pathology and premature death. 26 Mr. Melvin Jacob

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28. Recapitalisation Define health ? What are the concepts of health ? Explain about health illness continuum? 28 Mr. Melvin Jacob

29. Reference Helen Harkreader . Fundamentals of nursing caring and clinical judgement. Elsevier publication St. Louis: 2009;(3). Annamma Jacob, Rekha R. clinical nursing procedures the art of nursing practice. Jaypee publications Newdelhi : 2015; (3) 29 Mr. Melvin Jacob