Concept of Isolation for Nurses in Hospitals

Lectures for Student Nurses

1. Course: Microbiology Instructor: MS Sara David Lecture No. 11 BSN 1ST-FA23

2. UNIT V: Concept of Isolation 2/26/2024 2

3. Objectives At the end of this unit, learners will be able to: Define Isolation. 2. Identify types of Isolation. 3. Relate isolation to the chain of infection cycle. 4. Identify nursing responsibilities in each type of isolation. 2/26/2024 3

4. Define Isolation. Isolation refers to the practice of implementing infection control measures to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms between patients, healthcare workers, and visitors within healthcare settings. Nursing isolation protocols aim to minimize the risk of transmitting pathogens by isolating patients who are infected or colonized with potentially harmful microorganisms. 2/26/2024 4

5. CONTI… 2/26/2024 5

6. Types of Isolation 1 . Standard Precautions: These are basic infection prevention and control practices that apply to all patients regardless of their known or suspected infection status. Standard precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection. They include: Hand hygiene Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette Safe injection practices Safe handling of contaminated equipment and environmental surfaces 2/26/2024 6

7. Types of Isolation 2. Transmission-Based Precautions: These precautions are implemented in addition to standard precautions for patients with known or suspected infections with specific pathogens. Transmission-based precautions are based on the mode of transmission of the infectious agent and can be categorized into three types: Contact Precautions: Used for patients with known or suspected infections that are spread primarily by direct or indirect contact. Examples include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and Chloridoids difficile (C. difficile) infections. 2/26/2024 7

8. Types of Isolation 3. Protective Isolation: Also known as reverse isolation, this precautionary measure is used to protect patients who are immunocompromised or at high risk of acquiring infections. Protective isolation aims to minimize the risk of exposure to pathogens by limiting contact with individuals who may carry infectious agents. This may include: Placing the patient in a private room with controlled airflow Restricting visitors and healthcare personnel who are ill or have active infections Implementing strict hand hygiene and wearing appropriate PPE when entering the patient's room 2/26/2024 8

9. 2/26/2024 9

10. RISK FACTORS IN Health CARE SETTINGS “ 2/26/2024 10

11. CONTI… 2/26/2024 11

12. THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS ? 2/26/2024 12

13. 2/26/2024 13