Concept of management

this slides deal with concept, importance, principles of management and relationship of management with administration and organization.

1. Management
BY:
Pratibha Srivastava

2. INTRODUCTION
►Oneofthehumanactivitiesismanagingever
sincepeoplebeganforminggroupstoaccomplish
aims,notpossibletoachieveasindividuals,need
coordinationofindividualefforts.Theconceptof
managementmustbecleartothosewhouse
them.However,aprecisedefinitionof
managementisnotsosimplebecausetheterm
managementisusedinavarietyofways.

3. Definition of management
►Managementhasbeendefinedasthecreationand
maintenanceofinternalenvironmentinan
enterprisewhereindividualsworkingtogetherin
groups,canperformefficientlyandtowardsthe
attainmentofgroupgoals.(KoontzandO’Donell)
►Managementmaybedefinedastheartof
applyingtheenvironmentprinciplesthatunderline
thecontrolofmenandmaterialintheenterprise
underconsideration.(KimballandKimball)

4. Important reasons for
management concepts
To
►Increase managerial efficiency
►Develop a science of management and to
crystallize the nature of management
►Prepare and study research projects every
year
►Acquire social achievement

5. To increase managerial efficiency
►Theestablishmentrules,principlesand
techniquesofmanagement increase
managerialefficiencyastheyprovide
managerstheimportantguidelinesashow
theyshouldoperateandworkindifferent
situations.

6. Todevelopascienceofmanagement
andtocrystallizethenatureof
management
►Lackofunderstandingofthemanagement
concepts,principlesandtechniquesmakeit
difficulttoanalyzejobandtodesign
programmestotrainanddevelopmanagers.
Therefore,it’sessentialtodevelopascience
ofmanagement.

7. Toprepareandstudyresearchprojects
everyyear
►Researchworkmustundertaketoexpand
andimprovethehorizonsofmanagement
knowledgeifstructuralframeworksof
managementtheoryexist.Majorresearch
projectsmustbepursuedeveryyearbythe
studentsofmanagementtotestvarious
aspectsofthevalidityofmanagement.

8. To acquire social achievement
►Broadlyspeaking,amanagementfunctionis
toco-ordinatetheeffortsofthepeopleso
thatindividualobjectivesmaybetranslated
intosocialachievements.

9. Management organization and
administration
►Administrationisprimarilytheprocessand
theagencyusedtoestablishtheobjector
purposewhichanunderstandingandits
staffaretoachieve,secondly,administration
hastoplanandstabilizethebroadlinesof
principleswhichwillgovernaction.The
broadlinesarecalledpolices.(G.E
Millswork)

10. Distinctionbetween administration,
managementandorganization
AdministrationManagement Organization
i)Itisthe
process of
determiningthe
objecttobe
achieved
Itistheprocess
ofplanningthe
workasperthe
objectlaiddown
by
administration
Itistheprocess
ofdividingtasks
anddutiesas
plannedbythe
management
within the
objectives.
II) It lay down
the polices and
principles
It executes the
polices and
programmes
It organize the
work

11. AdministrationManagement Organization
III)Itprepares
theframework
underwhichone
isaskedtowork
andexecute
Itsuperviseand
controls the
execution of
assignedwork
Itdrawoutthe
line and
determinesthe
lineofaction.
IV) It provides
Direction
Guidance
Leadership
It controls
activities
It delegates the
authority and
determine the
line of action.
Fixes
responsibility
therefore.

12. AdministrationManagement Organization
V)Thusitisthe
first and
providestothe
management
andorganization
Itcomessecond
follows the
administration
and derives
strengthfrom
administration
Itoccupiesthe
thirdplaceand
solely
responsiblefor
what the
management
hasplannedand
administration
hasset.

13. Stages of management
►Top management
►Middle order management
►Lowest level management

14. Thetermmanagement isusedinthree
alternativeways
►Management as a discipline
►Management as a group of people
►Management as a process

15. 1. Management as a discipline
►Disciplinereferstoafieldofstudyhaving
well-definedconceptsandprinciples.When
werefertomanagementasadiscipline,we
includeinitthevariousrelevantconcepts
andprinciples,theknowledgeofwhich
aidesinmanaging.Fromthispointofview,
managementcanbetreatedeitherasanart
orscience.

16. 2.Management asagroupof
people
►Sometimes,werefertomanagementasa
groupofpeopleinwhichweincludeall
thosepersonnelwhoperformmanagerial
functionsinorganizations.

17. 3.Management as a process
►Aprocesscansimplydefinedassystematic
methodofhandlingactivities.Howeverthe
managementprocesscanbetreatedasa
complexonewhichcanbereferredtoasan
identifiableflowofinformationthrough
interrelatedstagesofanalysisdirected
towardstheachievementofanobjectiveor
setofobjectives.

18. Principlesandimportanceof
management
1) Principles of policy making
►An effective management needs, clear
and well thought out policy. The evolved
polices should be such which may be
acceptable to all and may be able to arouse
the interest of the workers and provide
incentives to all those who are responsible
giving the polices a practical shape.

19. 2) Principles of Improvement and
adjustment
►Anenterpriseisagoingconcern,it
growsstepbystepsteadilybutsurely.The
managementhas,therefore,toproveitself
alivingscience.Itshouldbeflexible,ableto
acceptimprovementandadjustitself
accordingtothedictateofthesituation.

20. 3) Principles of balance
►Inordertodeveloponproperlineswith
highdegreeofefficiencyandeconomythe
enterpriseisrequiredtohaveabalanced
structure.Here,atleastforthispurposethe
chiefexecutivesisrequiredtogothroughall
thedetailsminutelyandheisalsotoensure
thataproperbalancebetweentheduties,
responsibilitiesrightsandauthorityiswell
established.

21. 4) Principle of Individual effectiveness
►AccordingtoHenriFayolpropertraining
onscientificlinesforincreasingthe
individualeffectiveness.Propertraining,
goodwagespolicy,humanrelations,and
healthysurroundingsalsohelpthe
enterpriseinincreasingtheeffectivenessof
anindividual.

22. 5) Principles of relationship of task and
accomplishment
►Everyoneshouldbeplacedinhis
assignedjobaccordingtohisskill,
knowledge,aptitudeandexperiencesoas
toensureefficiencyandunderstanding.The
scientificselectionofworkershelpsthe
managementinplacingtheworkersat
placeswheretheyarefittedsuitably.

23. 6) Principles of simplicity
►Workingofanyorganizationshouldbeas
simpleaspossible.Fromprincipleof
simplicitywemeanthatplantsusedin
production,procedurefollowedinroutine
jobsandthewayinwhichmaterialsandof
coursethemeanareputtouseshouldbe
simpleenough.

24. 7) Principles of specialization
►Standardization is a focal point of
scientific management and it comes through
specialization. Specialization increases the
productivity. Quality of product improves
due to specialization.

25. 8) Principles of standardization
►Specializationmakesstandardization
possible.Standardizationhelpsinmarketing
theproduct.Quotaandqualityproductionis
ensuredwiththehelpofstandardization.
Costcalculationbecomeseasy.Theprinciple
ofstandardizationisofutmostimportance
tothemanagementfromthepointofview
ofproduction,marketing,supervisionand
bestutilizationofavailableresources.

26. 9) Principles of financial Incentives
►Sound wages policy based on financial
incentives elicits maximum co-operation of
the workers. This obviously ensures growth
and prosperity to the enterprise. Serving the
society is best possible manner in another
goal of management which it can attain if
the workers are satisfied and interested in
serving the enterprise to their fullest
capacity. The principle of financial incentives
helps the management in achieving these
objectives as well.

27. 10) Principles of planning
►Plannedworkensuressmoothrunningof
anenterprise.Plansdecideastowhat,
when,howandofcoursewhomaworkisto
beaccomplished.Pre-determinedobjectives
andthoughtgivethepointofachievement
andsuccess.

28. 11) Principle of control
►However reasonable, discipline efficient
and responsible worker might be needs a
supervision and proper control. Effective
control decides the future of the
organization, standardization of jobs and
product helps in better control over both
men and materials.

29. 12) Principles of leadership
►Supervision and control precedes the
leadership, guidance and direction. Unless
these are provided properly and as per the
requirement of the enterprise no amount of
supervision and control can vouch safe the
smooth running of the enterprise. A good
leadership, better direction, required
direction also ensure co-operation and good
human velocities.

30. 13) Principle of co-operation
►Co-operationbegetsconfidenceand
ensuresmutualrespect.Bothofthemarea
mustforproperandsmoothworkinghence
theprincipleandneedforco-operation
amongalloftheconfidence.

31. 14) Principle of responsibility and authority
► Dutiesandresponsibilities,rightsandauthority
gotogether.Rightsandauthoritycannotbe
exercised,unlesstheyareclearlyspelledout.It
necessarythateachworkmanandeachsectionof
theenterprisemustbesuppliedalistoftheir
dutiesandresponsibilitieswhichistobe
performedandrightsandauthoritytheywould
enjoywhileshoulderingtheburdenoftheirduties
andfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

32. 15) Principe of exception
►Accordingtothisprincipletop
managementshouldbemadefreefrom
routinenatureofjobssothatitmaydevote
itstimeinstudyingtheproblemsand
solutionstosolvethem.