Concept of remote sensing

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1. CONCEPT OF REMOTE SENSING PRESENTED BY:- UTTAM KUMAR PARIDA M.P.C. AUTONOMOUS COLEGE, TAKHATPUR, BARIPADA, MAYURBHANJ

2. What is remote sensing ? Remote – away from or at a distance Sensing – detecting a property or characteristic

3. Remote Sensing The term "remote sensing," first used in the United States in the 1950s by Ms. Evelyn Pruitt of the U.S. Office of Naval Research

4. Definitions " Remote sensing is teaching us a new way of seeing ". Remote sensing has been defined in many ways .

5. Definition (1) Remote sensing is "the acquisition of information about an object, without being in physical contact with that object"  

6. Definition (2) Remote sensing is "the ability to measure the properties of an object without touching it".  

7. Definition (3) Remote sensing can be defined as "the collection of data about an object from a distance. Humans and many other types of animals accomplish this task with aid of eyes or by the sense of smell or hearing".  

8. Definition (4) Remote sensing is "the examination, measurement, and analysis of an object without being in contact with it".  

9. Definition (5) Remote sensing is "the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device not in contact with the object, area, or phenomenon in question".  

10. Brief History of Remote Sensing 1839, the first photographs. 1849, used photography in topographic mapping. 1858, balloons were being used to acquire photography of large areas.

11. 1925-1945 Mid 1930s, color photography. Aerial photography became widespread during World War II, with improved lenses and platform stability, enemy positions and military installations could be identified from aircraft. Radar

12. 1945-1960 Cameras were launched on rockets as this science expanded in the post-World War II era.   In 1957, the Russians launched the first successful Earth satellite, Sputnik 1 In 1958, the US launched its first satellite, Explorer 1. In 1959, the first satellite with a meteorological instrument (Vanguard 2) was launched. In 1960, the first satellite images ever made of the earth comes from the TIROS 1

13. 1960-1972 This was the age of instrument development. In 1964, the Nimbus satellite series of experimental meteorological remote sensing was initiated. By 1966, meteorological satellites moved from being experimental to being operational with the introduction of the ESSA series of satellites which included Automatic Picture. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) was started by the U.S. Air Force in 1966. 1972, Landsat 1 (also referred to as Earth Resources Technology Satellite.

14. 1972-present 1975: The Synchronous Meteorological Satellites. 1976: Laser Geodynamic Satellite I. 1978: The Heat Capacity Mapping Mission. 1978: Seasat demonstrated techniques for global monitoring of the Earth's oceans. 1978: Nimbus 7, the final satellite in that series, was launched. 1984: The Earth Radiation Budget (ERBE) satellite began its study of how the Earth absorbs and reflects the Sun's energy. 1991: The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) began its study of the chemistry and physics of the Earth's atmosphere. Today, the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) system of satellites provides most of the remotely sensed weather information for North America.

15. Remote sensing: Art and/or Science? SCIENCE ; Remote sensing is a tool or technique similar to mathematics. Using sophisticated sensor to measure the amount of electromagnetic energy existing an object or geographic area from a distance and then extracting valuable information from the data using mathematically and statistically based algorithms is a scientific activity. It functions in harmony with other spatial data-collection techniques or tools of the mapping science, including cartography and geographical information system(GIS). ART: It is a fact that some image analysts are much superior to other image analysts because they — Understand the scientific principles better They have more widely traveled and have seen many landscape objects and geographic areas. They can synthesize scientific principles and real world knowledge to reach logical and correct conclusions. So, Remote Sensing is both an art and a science.

16. Uses of Remote Sensing Weather: It is possible now to get immediate information on climate and weather conditions from remote sensing satellites. Images over time allow us to predict weather behavior.

17. Uses of Remote Sensing Agriculture: Crop mapping and yield prediction; crop damage due to storm, drought or disease and insect outbreaks.

18. Uses of Remote Sensing Environmental Impacts : Remote Sensing to determine oil spill size, location, direction and magnitude of movement. Coastal oil spill, Wales, England

19. Uses of Remote Sensing Forestry Inventory : Remote Sensing used for forest inventory, mapping cut- overs , forest fire mapping, species identification. Burned and burning forest near Norman Wells, NWT , Canada

20. Uses of Remote Sensing Geological Mapping : Mapping faults, folds, lineaments and rock types. Syncline/Anticline structures in the Applachians of Pennsylvania.

21. The element of the remote sensing process Energy Source or Illumination Radiation and the Atmosphere Interaction with the Target Recording of Energy by the Sensor Transmission, Reception, and Processing Interpretation and Analysis Application

22. Advantages of Remote Sensing :- Passive remote sensing does not disturb the object or area of interest. Remote sensing data collection can remove the sampling bias introduced in some in situ investigations. Provide fundamental biophysical data, x-y location, z elevation or depth, temperature, moisture content, etc. Remotely sensed data may be obtained systematically over very large geographic areas. Remotely sensed data can create Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Computer processing is possible in many cases

23. Limitation of Remote Sensing:- Does not provide all the information needed for conducting physical, biological, or social science. It simply provides some spatial, spectral, and temporal information of value. Various human interaction in remote sensing process may produce errors. Active remote sensor system, such as lasers or radars can affect the phenomenon being investigated. Instruments often become uncelebrated, resulting in uncelebrated remote sensing data. Expensive to collect and interpret or analyze.

24. CONCLUSION Remote sensing technology has developed from balloon photography to aerial photography to multi-spectral satellite imaging. Some of the benefits that can be gained from the use of remote sensing- Early identification of crop health and stress. Ability to use this information to do remediation work on the problem. Improve crop yield. Crop yield predictions. Reduce costs. Reduce environmental impacts. Crop management to maximize returns through the season. Crop management to maximize returns during harvest time.  

25. ANY QUESTION?