concept of safety[1].ppt BSN YEAR 1 SEM1

In this unit learners will explore various hazards in the environment and will identify ways to minimize or eliminate these hazards.
At the completion of this unit learners will be able to:
1. Define safety 2. Describe the characteristics of safety 3. Identify physical and microbial hazards in environment 4. Discuss various ways to minimize hazards 5. Discuss the assessment for environmental safety 6. Identify physical and microbial hazards in the hospital environment, which interfere with patients‟ safety 7. Explain general preventive measures for safe environment for health team members and patient 8. Using assessment, identify people at risk for safety dysfunction.

1. 1
Concept of safety

2. 2
Definition
Safetyis the state of being "safe", the
condition of being protected against
physical, social, spiritual, financial, political,
emotional, occupational, psychological,
educational or other types or consequences
of failure, damage, error, accidents, harmor
any other event which could be considered
non-desirable.

3. 3
Critical Characteristic of safety
Is any feature throughout the life cycle of a
Critical Safety Item, such as
Dimension
Tolerance
Finishing
Material
Manufacturing or inspection process,
Operation
field maintenance
Malfunction of a Critical Safety Item.

4. 4
Hazards
A hazard is generally anything that can
hurt you or make you ill.

5. 5
Physical hazards
Physical hazardsare the most
common and will be present in most
workplaces at one time or another.
They include unsafe conditions that
can cause injury, illness and death.

6. 6
Examples of physical
hazards include:
Electrical hazards:frayed cords, missing ground
pins, improper wiring.
Unguarded machinery and moving machinery
parts:guards removed or moving parts that a
worker can accidentally touch.
Constant loud noise
High exposureto sunlight/ultraviolet rays, heat or
cold
Working from heights, including ladders,
scaffolds, roofs, or any raised work area

7. 7
Conti…….
Working with mobile equipment such as fork
lifts (operation of fork lifts and similar mobile
equipment in the workplace requires significant
additional training and experience)
Spills on floors or tripping hazards, such as
blocked or cords running across the floor.

8. 8
Examples of minimizing the risk by
controlling the physical hazard
The chair has a wobbly leg —remove the chair
and report the hazard.
An electrical cord is frayed—take the cord away
and report the hazard.
The corner of the floor mat is turned up—tape it
down or remove the mat, and report the hazard.
A table has a sharp edge—pad the corner or
remove the table, and report the hazard.
A nail is sticking out of a drawer—pad the nail,
then stay away from the drawer and report the
hazard so that it can be fixed.

9. 9
How can we control the
risk?
People can be separated from the risk
Personal protective clothing can be worn (eg
goggles, gum boots and gloves)
Staff can be trained and better informed
Lifting equipment can be used
Power tools can have guards
Safety switches can be used

10. 10
Conti….
Air driven tools can be used to reduce
the need for electricity
Office furniture can be carefully selected
Signs can be erected (in other languages
besides English, if required)
Occupational health and safety policies
and procedures should be followed.

11. 11
Biological/microbial
hazards

12. 12
Biological/microbial
hazards
Biological hazardscome from working with
animals, people or infectious plant materials. Work
in day care, hospitals, hotel laundry and room
cleaning, laboratories, veterinary offices and
nursing homes may expose you to biological
hazards.
The types of things you may be exposed to
include:
Blood or other body fluids
Fungi
Bacteria and viruses
Plants
Insect bites

13. 13
Control of biological Hazards
Follow procedures to avoid cross
contamination.
Wash hands at appropriate times using proper
procedures.
Wash fresh produce in clean, running, drinkable
water.
Use appropriate utensils for serving food.
Clean and sanitize work surfaces.
Clean and sanitize equipment between uses.

14. 14
Conti…….
Check concentration of sanitizing solutions to
make sure they are appropriate.
Keep your immunizations up-to-date.
Ensure that any equipment that might harbour
bio-hazards (e.g. fans, ventilation systems) is
regularly maintained, cleaned and sterilized.
Clean and disinfect work surfaces often.
Clean up spills immediately.
Handle and dispose of all bio-hazardous waste

15. 15
Assessment of
environmental safety

16. 16
Work Area Assessment
After you have chosen a place to start,
perform a walk-through of the work
area, looking for hazards as indicated
in this training.
Tip: Involve
employees in this
process to gain
valuable input!

17. 17
Identify the Hazards
As you walk through the area and discuss
work tasks with employees, look for the
following hazards.
If you are unsure whether something
should be included in your hazard
assessment, contact for assistance or try
using the reference material suggested
on some of the slides.

18. 18
Falling Objects
Are there objects which
may fall from above onto
employees?
Employees working
overhead?
Tools or materials
handled above your
head?

19. 19
Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes
Are employees exposed to chemicals or
harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples:
Any chemical which poses a health
hazard
Asbestos
Welding fumes
Solder fumes
Silica

20. 20
Energy Sources
Are there energy sources which could
be harmful if accidental release or
startup occurs?
Electrical
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Thermal
Mechanical
Gravity

21. 21
Sharp Objects
Are there sharp objects which could cut or
pierce the body?
Glass
Knife blades
Sheet metal
Nail guns
Needles
Splinters (wood)
Burrs (metal)

22. 22
Temperature Extremes
Are there hot or cold surfaces which
could burn or freeze employees?
Welded parts
Cryogenic materials
Autoclaves
Ovens/stoves
Molten metals

23. 23
Light Radiation
Is there light
radiation which
could be
harmful to the
skin or eyes?
Radiation
Department

24. 24
Flying Debris
Will employee be operating, or be
exposed to, tools/equipment which
may generate flying debris?
Hammering
Sawing
Chipping
Grinding
Drilling

25. 25
Excessive Noise
Will employee be operating, or be
exposed to, tools/equipment which
may generate excessive noise?
Jack-hammering
Wood working machinery
Metal working machinery
Operating heavy equipment

26. 26
Fire/Explosion Hazards
Is there the
potential for a fire
or explosion?

27. 27
Step 1
Once the hazard has
been identified, you
must implement an
effective control to
eliminate the hazard,
reduce the hazard to an
acceptable manner, or
protect the employee.

28. 28
Step 2
Evaluate the level of risk for each
hazard to help determine what type of
control should be implemented to
reduce exposure.

29. 29
Step 3
Select an appropriate solution to each hazard.
Always consider eliminating the hazard (if
possible) first.
If elimination is not possible, consider
reducing the hazard to an acceptable level.
If an acceptable level cannot be reached,
select and provide appropriate personal
protective equipment for the employee.

30. 30
Safety in Hospitals

31. 31
Fire Safety
Electrical Safety
Life Safety &
Environmental
Safety
Personal Safety /
Security

32. 32
Every hospital has a specific fire safety
plan in the event of a fire emergency.

33. 33
What to Do in Case
of a Fire
Remember the acronym RACE
Rescue anyone in the immediate area of the
fire
Activate the alarm by calling the hospital
operator and pull the fire alarm pull stations
Contain the fire-close doors and windows in
the immediate fire area
Extinguish the fire with the proper fire
extinguisher

34. 34
Buildings are designed with fire
safety in mind.
Fire/Smoke walls help contain smoke
into compartments.
Fire Doors shut automatically when
smoke alarms are activated and also
help to contain fire.
Corridors are designed to give a safe
way to exit the building.

35. 35
Every hospital has a code name
for a fire emergency.
The appropriate hospital
code word should be used
when reporting a fire.
Fire drills are performed
periodically to test all the
systems involved in the fire
safety program.
It is important to be familiar
with all the emergency
codes for each hospital.

36. 36
Fire Safety Equipment
Fire alarm pull stations near exits and
stairwells.
When a fire alarm pull station is
activated…
-the fire alarm will sound
-Fire doors will close
-strobe lights are activated
-Elevators move to the ground floor.
You should be familiar with the
location and operation of fire
extinguishers!!

37. 37
Equipment & Electrical Safety
All hospital equipment is maintained
by the hospital’s maintenance
department.
To avoid patient harm, suspected
problems with equipment should
always be reported.
All household appliances/equipment
should be visually inspected for any
damaged cords or parts.

38. 38
Equipment & Electrical Safety
Power cords can be hazardous. These should
be inspected for exposed wire or damaged
plugs.
Power cords should always be unplugged by
pulling on the plug, NOT by pulling on the
cord.
You should know where the emergency
receptacles are in your assigned areas.

39. 39
Point 7

40. 40
Hazardous Material
The Occupational Safety has issued a
Hazard Communication Standard which
provides all employees access to
information regarding hazardous chemicals.
Hospitals are required to provide staff with
information regarding hazardous chemicals
used within the facility and instructions for
handling, disposal and clean-up of these
chemicals.

41. 41
All of this information can be found in
the Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) kept in every department.
Safety procedures for handling
radioactive materials should be
displayed in areas where these
materials are used or stored.

42. 42
Life Safety /
Environmental Safety
Hospitals are challenged with maintaining a safe
building and environment.
Alarms on medical equipment are there for a
reason. They should never be silenced or
adjusted by nonlicensed personnel.
Hall ways should be free of clutter and equipment.
Hospitals are constantly growing and changing.
Hazardous construction areas are clearly marked
and signage should be followed and respected at
all times. Stay clear of construction areas!

43. 43
Personal Safety / Security
Everyone has a role in
keeping the hospital a safe
place.
Hospital security staff has
the responsibility to protect
staff, patients, visitors &
property.
It is important to report any
suspicious activity or
perceived threats.

44. 44
Conti………
Always be aware of your surroundings.
Walk with a group when traveling to and from
the hospital.
Keep valuables out of sight and limit the
amount of cash you carry.
The use of Identification badges are essential
in promoting hospital security. Nametags and
school badges must be worn at all times.
Anyone not wearing a badge should be treated
like a visitor.

45. 45
Maintaining Hospital Safety is a shared
responsibility between all healthcare
workers, staff, students & volunteers.
Think safety first!

46. 46
Point 8
Clinical objective:
Using assessment identify at risk
for safety dysfunction

47. 47
Thank you