conceptsofhealthdis-2001281830bbbbbbbbbbbb17.pptx

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1. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH, DISEASE & ITS DIMENSIONS

2. Introduction to Community Medicine Concept of Health Concept of Disease Concept of Prevention

3. Health ( 3 Dimensions ) Physical Complete Mental & Social well being & not merely the absence of disease.(WHO- 1948) The ability to lead a “ Socially & economically productive Life ” ( HEALTH for ALL - 2000 )

4. Concepts

5. 1. Biomedical concepts 2. Ecological concepts 3. Psychosocial concepts 4. Holistic concepts Changing Concepts

6. 1. Biomedical concepts Absence of disease Free from disease Medical profession viewed human body as a machine

7. 2. Ecological concepts Health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment and disease a maladjustment of the human organism to environment.

8. 3. Psychosocial concepts Health is influenced by: social, psychological , cultural , economic and political factors

9. 4. Holistic concepts All sectors of society have an effect on health The emphasis is on the promotion and protection of Health

10. Dimensions

11. Dimensions of Health Physical Mental Social Spiritual Emotional Vocational Political

12. Dimensions of Health Medical Non Medical Physical Mental Social Spiritual Emotional Vocational Political Others : Philosophical, Cultural, Socioeconomic Environmental, Educational nutritional, Curative dimension , Preventive dimension

13. Physical Dimension The state of physical health implies the notion of perfect functioning of the body. Every cell and every organ functioning at optimum capacity and perfect harmony with the rest of the body. Characteristics: A good complexion, bright eyes , not too fat, Good appetite, Sound sleep, Smooth easily coordinated bodily movements, All organs of normal size and functioning normally Pulse rate, BP exercise tolerance within normal ranges

14. Mental Dimension Mental health is not mere absence of mental illness Ability to respond to varied experiences of life “ a state of balance between the individual and surrounding world, a state of harmony between oneself and others Characteristics of Mentally healthy person Free from internal conflicts , Well adjusted, Searches for identity, Strong sense of self-esteem, Knows himself, his needs, problems and goals Good self control, Coping with stress and anxiety.

15. Social Dimension Harmony and integration Within Individual & other members of the society & world in which they live Definition :- Quantity and quality of an individual’s interpersonal ties and the extent of involvement with the community Characteristics: Possession of social skills, social functioning Ability to see oneself as a member of community Focuses on social and economic conditions

16. Spiritual Dimension That part of individual which reaches out and strives for meaning and purpose in life . It is the intangible something that transcends Physiology and Psychology Includes integrity, principles, ethics, purpose in life, commitment

17. Emotional dimension of wellness emphasizes an awareness and acceptance of one's feelings

18. Vocational Dimension Goals Work – fully adapted to human capacities limitations ( plays a role in promoting both physical and mental health ) Sudden loss of Job / after Retirement

19. Spectrum of Health Positive health -- Better, --Free from sickness . Apparently Normal (Optimum health). Unrecognized, -Mild - Moderate sickness – Death.

20. Determinants of Health: Genetic (Biological) Factors: (Diabetes) Environmental Factors : (Any disturbance in internal OR External environment disturb the health) Life style (Way of living): (Smoking, Alcoholism, Exercise) Socioeconomic conditions : (Education, Occupation, Income)

21. Health Services: Immunization services, Nutritional services etc Aging of the Patient: (Ch : Diseases, Disabilities) Other Factors: Education, Rural development, Good roads, Lightening.

22. Indicators of Health (guidelines for Health status of country) Mortality indicators Morbidity indicators Nutritional status indicators Health care Delivery indicators Socio economic indicators Health policy indicators Environmental indicators indicators of quality of life Others: “Health for ALL”

23. HEALTH PROMOTION A condition in which body health is impaired & Performance of vital functions in body is interrupted. Theories of Disease Causation Old Theories (Miasma) Germ Theory of Disease ( human  disease  is caused by a microbe or germ) Web of Causation (Theory of Multifactorial Causation Epidemiological Triad Natural History of Disease Iceberg Phenomenon of Disease.

24. Concept of Prevention (1) Primordial Prevention: (Also Primary level of Prevention) with reference to Non communicable Diseases like : Obesity, Hypertension , Diabetes (2)Primary Prevention (Before development of disease) Health Promotion: Health Education, Family planning Specific Protection: Immunization, Helmet against Head injury, Condoms against AIDS.

25. (3) Secondary Prevention (Early Diagnosis & Prompt R/) By various Screening Procedures --- Recording of BP (4) Tertiary Prevention (When disease process is sufficiently advanced) Disability Limitation Rehabilitation (Become disabled, handicapped & dependent) Objective is to prevent the transition from impairment to handicap. Disease --- Impairment--- Disability ----- Handicap Accident Loss of foot Inability to walk Loss of job

26. THANX