Conditionals and wishes

All types of conditionals and the expressions of wish

1. Conditionals and wishes

2. Try to complete the following sentences
We always have a great time if…
Whenever Jay and Rose have a fight…
As soon as I get home…

4. 1
st
conditional
To talk about possiblepresentor futuresituations and their
result.
Structure:
[CLAUSE 1] +[CLAUSE 2]
If / unless+ Any present tense+Any future tense
modal verb
imperative mood
Ifwe pass the exam, our parents will letus go on vacation.
I will have finished my work tomorrow, unlessmy children take upall my time.
NOTICE that unless(if + not) adds a negative meaning, so the verb used in the same
clause is in the affirmative form.

6. Future time clauses
Which verb tense can you
identify after these time
expressions?

7. Future time clauses
Which verb tense can you
identify after these time
expressions?
That's right! The presentform!
•Present simple
•Present continuous
•Present perfect

8. First conditional
Let’s brainstorm
superstitions. How do
you express them?

9. Opening an umbrella indoors

10. Opening an umbrella indoors
If you openan umbrella indoors,
it will bringyou bad luck.

11. Breaking a mirror

12. Breaking a mirror
If you breaka mirror, you will
haveyou 7 years of bad luck.

13. Finding a four leaf
clover

14. Finding a four leaf
clover
When you finda four
leaf clover, you’ll
havegood luck.

15. Walking under a ladder

16. Walking under a ladder
If you walk under a ladder,
something bad will happen to
you.

17. Hand palm itching

18. Hand palm itching
When your palm itches, you’ll
receivemoney.

19. First conditional
Blowing out all the candles on
your birthday cake

20. First conditional
Blowing out all the candles on
your birthday cake
If you blow out all the candles on
your birthday cake with one
breath, you will get what you
wanted.

21. Let’s keep going!

22. What can
you see
in this
picture?

23. In what
way would
it be
different
today?

24. 2
nd
conditional
To talk about hypotheticalor improbablesituations in the presentor future.
Structure:
IfI were/wasbraver, I couldwatchmore horror films.
He mighttryto learn physics ifonly he weren’tso bad at maths.
CLAUSE 1
If+ past tense (simple
or continuous)
CLAUSE 2
Would+ infinitive
Could+ infinitive
Might+ infinitive

25. The Big Bang Theory and the second
conditional

26. Challenge: Talk for
1 minute!
How our lives
would be without…

27. Let’s identify the
structure

28. 3
rd
conditional
To talk about a hypotheticalsituation in the past.
Structure:
They could have stayed together, ifthey had beensincere to each other.
IfI had been saving money, now I wouldn’t have borrowed itfrom my parents.
CLAUSE 1
If+ past perfect (simple or
continuous)
CLAUSE 2
Would have+ past participle
Could have + past participle
Might have + past participle

30. Conditionals with inversion
Tomakethesecondandthirdconditionalsmoreformal,wecanuse
inversionputtingtheauxiliarieswereandhadatthebeginningofthe
sentence.
Ifyouweretojointhecommittee,we’dbeverypleased.
Wereyoutojointhecommittee,wewouldbeverypleased.
Notethattheclausemakingtheinversionistheif-clause,andif
disappearstomakeroomfortheauxiliary.

31. Conditionals with inversion
Let’slookatanotherexample,thistimewiththethirdconditional.
Ifyouhadarrivedontime,youwouldhaveunderstoodthelecture.
Hadyouarrivedontime,youwouldhaveunderstoodthelecture.
Oncemore,theclausemakingtheinversionistheif-clause,andif
disappearstomakeroomfortheauxiliary.

32. Mixed conditionals
3 & 2
Themostcommoncombinationiswhenwehaveatype3conditionalinthe
if-clause(if+pastperfect)followedbyatype2conditional(would+
infinitive)inthemainclause.
Withthiscombinationwearecontrastinganimaginedorrealeventinthe
pastwiththepresentresultofthat:
•Ifhe'dtakenthemedicationasprescribed,hewouldn'tstillbelying
sickinbed.
•Ifshe'dtakenreasonableprecautions,shewouldn'tbepregnantnow.
•Ifhehadn'trunafterthecarthiefandsufferedaheartattack,he'd
probablybealivetoday.
When we talk aboutmixed
conditionals, we are referring
to conditional sentences that
combine two different types
of conditional patterns.

33. Mixed conditionals:
2 & 3
Theotherpossibilityiswhenwehaveatype2conditionalintheif-
clause(if+pastsimple)followedbyatype3conditional(would've+
pastparticiple)inthemainclause.
Withthiscombination,wearedescribingongoingcircumstancesin
relationtoapreviouspastevent.Considertheseexamples:
•Ifyouweren'tsuchapoordancer,youwould'vegotajobinthe
choruslineinthatmusical.
•Ifyouweren'tsoblindtohisfaults,youwould'verealisedthat
hewasouttoswindleyou.

35. Replacing if
oUnless
oEven if
oAs/So long as
oSupposing
oWhether … or
oProviding
oProvided that
oWhoever; wherever; whenever
oNo matter who / when / where
There are different options to if
that can be used in its place. Try
some of these.

37. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
2.Suppose you would win the lottery, what would
you do?

38. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
2.Suppose you would winthe lottery, what would
you do?
Suppose you wonthe lottery, what would you do?

39. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•I’ve bought some food in case Marianne and John
came round for dinner.

40. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•I’ve bought some food in case Marianne and John
cameround for dinner.
I’ve bought some food in case Marianne and John
comeround for dinner.

41. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•If I had known you were coming to London, I
would pick you up at the airport.

42. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•If I had known you were coming to London, I
would pick you up at the airport.
If I had known you were coming to London, I would
have picked you upat the airport.

43. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•If I told you I love you, what would you have said?

44. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•If I told you I love you, what would you have said?
If I told you I love you, what would you say?

45. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•Unless Brian will instruct us otherwise, we will
close the shop at 7.

46. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•Unless Brian will instruct us otherwise, we will
close the shop at 7.
Unless Brian instructsus otherwise, we will close
the shop at 7.

47. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•Should he have rung, tell him I’ll meet him in the
library.

48. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•Should he have rung, tell him I’ll meet him in the
library.
Should he ring, tell him I’ll meet him in the library.

49. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•Had I known you’d been shopping, I would not go
myself.

50. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
•Had I known you’d been shopping, I would not go
myself.
Had I known you’d been shopping, I wouldn’t have
gone myself.

51. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
Example:
I don’t have secretary, so I did all the typing myself.
If I had a secretary, I wouldn’t have done all the typing myself.

52. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oHe didn’t follow my advice; that’s why the work
isn’t finished yet.

53. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oHe didn’t follow my advice; that’s why the work
isn’t finished yet.
oIf he’d followed my advice, the work would have
been finished by now.

54. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oHe can’t have been arguing with his boss all
morning; he looks far too relaxed!

55. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oHe can’t have been arguing with his boss all
morning; he looks far too relaxed!
oIf he’d been arguing with his boss, he wouldn’t
look so relaxed.

56. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oShe doesn’t have the money, otherwise she would
have given me the loan.

57. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oShe doesn’t have the money, otherwise she would
have given me the loan.
oIf she had the money, she would have given me
the loan.

58. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oI realise I wasn’t very polite to the boss, but I’m
planning to leave this job anyway.

59. Rewrite the following using mixed
conditionals like in the example.
oI realise I wasn’t very polite to the boss, but I’m
planning to leave this job anyway.
oIf I wasn’t planning to leave this job, I wouldn’t
have been rude to the boss.

60. Wishes
To express a wish we can use wishand if only.
If only has the same meaning as wish, only it is more emphatic/dramatic.
With the subject pronoun Iboth forms were / was can be used in the if-
clause.

61. •http://prezi.com/vt0p_tsc39mj/?utm_campaign=share&ut
m_medium=copy&rc=ex0share

62. Wishing different present situations
•Tosaythatwewouldlikesomethingtobedifferentaboutapresent
situation,weusethepastsimpleorthepastcontinuous.
IwishIwas/were10yearsold(butI’mnot).
IfonlyIweretravellingwithyouandnotalone!Itwouldbemuch
morefun.

63. Wishing different past situations
•Toexpressregretaboutsomethingwhichhappenedordidn’thappenin
thepast,weusethepastperfect.
IwishIhadsavedmoremoneyduringmytwenties(butIdidn’t).
IfonlyIhadn’tbeensoharshtoher!Wecouldstillbefriends.(butI
was)

64. Wishing for change
•Toexpress:
–apoliteimperative,
–andadesireforasituationorperson’sbehaviourtochange
weusethestructuresubject+would+bareinfinitive.
Iwishyouwouldstopspreadingrumours.
Ifonlyitwouldbesunnyonmybirthday,wecouldgoswimming!
Human, if only you
would feed me, I
could go and take
a nap.

65. Regrets
•What do people
consider to be mistakes
of their youth?

66. Regrets
•Imagine the main character in the
clip is 70 today and looking back at
his teenage years.
Use if only and wish

68. Write a wishfor each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You want to buy a new car, but you haven’t got any
money.

69. Write a wish for each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You want to buy a new car, but you haven’t got any
money.
•I wish I had enough money (to buy a new car).

70. Write a wish for each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You didn’t follow your friend’s sensible advice.

71. Write a wish for each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You didn’t follow your friend’s sensible advice.
•I wish I’d followed my friend’s advice.

72. Write a wish for each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You lost your lecture notes.

73. Write a wish for each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You lost your lecture notes.
•I wish I hadn’t lost my lecture notes.

74. Write a wish for each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You want to ask a friend to help you, but he’s out of the
country.

75. Write a wish for each of the following sentences, like
in the example
•You want to ask a friend to help you, but he’s out of the
country.
•I wish my friend wasn’t out of the country.