CONDTIONAL in English important applyppt

conditional

1. CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
Irfan Ali Soomro
ICONM, TIH

2. Objectives
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
•Distinguish between the various types of
real and unreal conditional sentences.
•Identify the main functions of real and
unreal conditional sentences.

3. Explanation
•Conditionmeans“situationorcircumstance.”
•Whenwethinkaboutconditionalswenormally
refertothesentencesinwhichwearesaying
thattheoccurrenceofoneeventdependson
theotherevent.
•Conditionalsentenceshavetwoparts:
“theif-clauseandthemainclause.”
•Theifclausetellsyoutheconditionandthe
mainclausetellsyoutheresult.

4. Explanation cont:
Clauses
Aclauseis a group of words that contains both a
subject and a predicate (or a verb).
I saw him yesterday. (One clause)
When I came here, I saw him. (Two clause)
When I came here, I saw him, and he greeted me.
(Three clause)
There are two types of clauses:
1.Independent Clauses
2.Dependent Clauses

5. Independent Clausesare complete sentences. They can
stand aloneand express a complete thought.
Examples: I want some cookies.
Sara likes cats.
Ronaldo is a good soccer player.
Dependent Clausescontain a subject and a predicate, but
they do not express a complete thought.
Examples: When it is raining,
Because you were late,
Before you go to bed,
All of these groups of words contain both a subject and a verb,
but they cannot stand alone. They do not express a complete
thought.

6. Real & Unreal
•TheReal conditionalsare classified into:
•Zero Conditional –If you heat water to 100º, it boils
•First (1
st
) Conditionals –If it’s a nice day, I will go to the beach
•These are real conditionals because if the conditional clause
is met the result is certain.
•TheUnreal conditionalsare classified into:
•Second conditionals –If I had more money, I would change
my car.-(I don’t have more money so I can’t change my car)
•Third Conditionals –If Mary had studied harder, she would
have passed her exams-(she didn’t study hard enough so she
didn’t pass her exams).
•These areunreal conditionalsbecause they refer to
situations that are untrue, impossible or hypothetical.

7. Conditional Explanation
If you study hard —Condition
you will pass your exams ---Result
•The order of the clauses does not change the meaning.
Example,
•If you study hard, you will pass your exams.
OR
•You will pass your exams if you study hard.
Remember:
Condition, + Result(with a comma after the condition)
OR
Result + Condition(without a comma)
NOTE: you can use "when" instead of "if“ (vise versa)

8. TYPES OF CONDITIONALS
The fourmain types of conditionals are:
•The Zero Conditional,
•The First Conditional,
•The Second Conditional,
•and The Third Conditional.
Sometimes these are also called
•Type 0, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3
Conditionals.

10. The Zero Conditional
•A zero conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses a fact or simple
implication.
•The dependent clause of the zero conditional begins with “if” or “when.”
The independent clause of the zero conditional begins with thesimple
present verb tenseor the imperative verb tense.
•Zero conditional statements express conditions that are always true and
the conclusions of which can be drawn from their premises.
Examples:
If clause Main clause
If + simple present simple present
If this thing happensthat thing happens.
If you heat ice it melts.
If it rains the grass gets wet.

11. Examples (Zero)
•Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
•If you study hard, you get good grades.
•I always wear a jacket when it is cold.
•Does ice melt if it is in the sun?
•What do you do if the teacher is late?
If+ Simple Present, + Simple Present

12. The First Conditional
•A first conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses an idea that
might happen at some point in the future. It is something that is possible,
but its certainty is unknown because it depends on another event.
•The dependent clause of the first conditional begins with “if” and uses the
simple present tense. The independent clause of the first conditional
uses “will” plus the base form of averb.
•Example:
If clause Main clause
If + simple present simple future
If this thing happens that thing will happen.
If you don't hurry you will miss the train.
If it rains today you will get wet.

13. Examples (Type I)
•Itwill betoo hot if we travelto Multan in August.
•If Ifindher mobile, Iwill takeit to the office.
•You will be able to see better if you turn on the lamp.
•You will get heart disease if you eat too much meat.
•You won't pass the course if you don't study.
•If I cook some eggs, how many will you eat?
If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

14. The Second Conditional
•A second conditional sentence is a sentence that can express two ideas.
•First, it might express things in the future that are unlikely to happen. Second, it
is used to express an idea that is not true because it is impossible.
•The dependent clause of the second conditional begins with “if” and uses the
past simple tense. The independent clause of the second conditional uses
“would” plus the base form of a verb.
•Example:
If clause Main clause
If + simple past Would + base form of verb/be 3
rd
or ingform
If this thing happened
that thing would happen. (but I'm not sure this thing will
happen)
OR
that thing would be happening.
If you went to bed earlieryou would not be so tired.
If it rained you would get wet.
If I spoke Italian I would be working in Italy.

15. Examples (Type II)
•If there were no mosquitos, there would be no
malaria.
•If he were a young man, he would be able to walk
faster.
•Itwouldn't beso cold if youclosedthe windows.
•Whatwould you do if youwonthe lottery?
Note:
In conditional type 2, we usually usewere" instead of
"was" in the if clause " even if the pronoun
isI,he,sheorituse "were“.
if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

16. The Third Conditional
•A third conditional sentence expresses a past idea that did not occur. The
third conditional sentence expresses an imagined result of that past event
that did not occur. In other words, it is unreal.
•The dependent clause of the third conditional begins with “if” and uses
thepast perfect tense. The independent clause of the third conditional uses
“would” have plus the past participle of a verb.
•Example:
If clause
Main clause
If + past perfect
perfect conditional or perfect continuous
conditional
If this thing had happened
that thing would have happened. (but
neither of those things really happened) OR
that thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder
you would have passed the exam.
If it had rained
you would have gotten wet.
If I had accepted that promotion
I would have been working in Karachi.

17. Examples (Type III)
•If the weatherhad beenbetter, wewould
have swumin the sea.
•Wewould have beenat the station if youhad
sentus a message.
•Iwould have travelledto London if Ihad
learnedEnglish.
if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle

18. •In general:
•Conditional sentences express a condition and the
outcome of the condition.
•Zeroconditional refers tofacts.
Firstconditional andSecondconditional refer to
thepresent or future. However secondconditional
sentences suggest it is less probable or imaginary.
Thirdconditional refers to thepast.
•There are MORE than these 4 types of conditional
sentences though these are the ones that are used
the most. We will look at other types in future lessons.
•The clause with the modal verb is always the result.

19. •If I were is used when the subject of the
sentence is referring to a hypothetical or
imaginary situation.
○If I were good at science, I would've
become a doctor.
•If I was is used to refer to a situation that
actually happened in the past.

20. THANK YOU

21. Exercise 1
•Write the type of condition with following sentences:
SENTENCE TYPE OF CONDITION
If you don’t brush your teeth, you get cavities.
If he calls you tonight, don’t answer.
If she calls you tonight, I will be surprised.
If she had won the contest, she would not have
changed careers.
If I had ten children, I would go crazy.
If I were you, I would not leave tonight.
If he had asked me to marry him, I might have said
yes.
If I ruled the world, I would treat all people equally.
If it rains, the studentsmaynot come for class.
I would have wrapped his present if he had left.

22. Exercise 2
Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type II ) by putting the
verbs into the correct form.
1.If I ( be ) ……………………… rich, my life ( change )
……………………… completely.
2.I ( invite ) …………………………..all my friends if ( have )
……………………….. a house by the beach.
3.If we (have) …………………… a yacht, we (sail)
………………………… the seven seas.
4.If they (tell) ………………………… their father, he (be)
………………………very angry.
5.We (help ) ………………………… you if we (know )
…………………………..how.
6.My brother (buy ) ………………………….a sports car if he (have )
……………………the money.

23. Exercise 3
•Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type III ) by putting the
verbs into the correct form.
1.If you (study ) ………………………… for the test, you (pass )
……………………………it.
2.If you (ask ) …………………………me, I (help )
……………………………………you .
3.If you (speak ) …………………………… English, she (understand)
……………………… ………………… .
4.I (write ) …………………………………………....you a postcard if I
(have ) …………………………….. your address .
5.If it (not/ start ) …………………………… to rain, we (walk )
………………………………..to the museum .
6.If she (take ) …………………………. the bus, she (not / arrive )
……………………………… ……………… on time .

24. Assignment
1.Submit an assignment on Conditional
sentences Type 2 & 3
(Five sentences on each type positive
andnegative)
2.Use Modal Verbs to write a sentence
on each condition. (where possible)
3.Write five sentences of Mixed
Conditional.