Primary survey A : can talk, not tender along C-spine B : Spontaneous breathing, equal breath sound, CCT negative C : BP 189/84 mmHg , PR 102 bpm , no external bleeding D : E4V5M6, pupil 2 mm RTLBE E : tender, swelling and deformity left forearm, limit ROM left elbow, AW 2 cm at lateral side of left forearm
Adjunct to primary survey NSS iv rate 120 ml/ hr Hct stat 46% Retain foley , NG FAST neg at 23.50 On wooden splint Lt. forearm
Secondary survey : History A : ปฏิเสธประวัติแพ้ยา แพ้อาหาร M : ปฏิเสธประวัติใช้ยาประจำ P : ปฏิเสธประวัติโรคประจำตัว L : NPO 18.00 น. E : ขับรถกระบะแซงรถกระบะอีกคันด้วยความเร็วประมาณ 100 km/ hr แล้วเสียหลักตกข้างทาง รถพลิกคว่ำ ไม่สลบ จำเหตุการณ์ได้ ไม่มีศีรษะกระทบกระแทก มีอาการเจ็บบริเวณแขนซ้าย ขยับแขนไม่ได้ แขนซ้ายผิดรูป
Secondary survey : Examination Head & Maxillofacial : No wound, no facial deformity, no ecchymosis C-spine & Neck : No wound, can move neck, C-spine not tender Chest : Clear and equal breath sounds, CCT negative Abdomen & pelvis : AW wound at umbilicus and pelvic area , no distension, bowel sound positive, soft, not tender, PCT negative
Secondary survey : Examination Musculoskeletal : tender, swelling and deformity left forearm, limit ROM left elbow, AW 2 cm at lateral side of left forearm , full ROM of Lt. wrist and fingers, Radial pulse 2+, capillary refill <2 sec, normal pinprick sensation, mild tender at Lt. paravertebral Neurologic : GCS : E4V5M6, CN : pupils 3 mm RTLBE, full EOM, no facial palsy Motor : grade V all except Lt arm cannot evaluate Perineum/Rectum : no ecchymosis
INVESTIGATION
Lt. forearm AP/lat
Lt. elbow AP/lat
Lt. wrist AP/Lat
Pelvis AP
CXR
LS spine AP/Lat
Diagnosis Close fracture at proximal ulna with radial head posterior dislocation Lt forearm = Monteggia fracture Bado Classification Type II Blunt abdominal injury
Management Sedation On posterior long arm slab Film elbow AP/ lat หลัง on slab
Lt. elbow AP/lat ( หลังใส่ Post. Long arm slab )
Monteggia fracture = proximal 1/3 ulnar fracture with associated radial head dislocation/instability
Anatomy
Anatomy
Anatomy
Anatomy
Epidermiology Rare in adult More common in children with peak incidende between 4-10 years of age
Presentation Pain and swelling at elbow joint Limit ROM due to dislocation PIN neuropathy Radial deviation of hand with wrist extension Weakness of thumb extension Weakness of MCP extension
Imaging Radiographs AP and lateral view of elbow, wrist, and forearm CT scan Helpful in fractures involving coronoid, olecranon, and radial head
Bado Classification
Type I F racture ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head (most common in children and young adult) D irect blow to posterior aspect of elbow
Type II F racture ulna with posterior dislocation of the radial head (70-80% of adult Monteggia fracture) Longitudinal d irection force on partially flexed elbow
Type III F racture ulna with lateral dislocation of the radial head Varus stress on extended elbow
Type IV F racture ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head with radial shaft fracture
Jupiter Classification
Associated injury Olecranon fracture/dislocation R adial head fracture C oronoid fracture tear of the annular ligament LCL injury
Treatment : pediatrics Non- Operative C losed reduction of ulna and radial head dislocation and long arm casting for 6 weeks Indication : Bado type I-III type I,III - immobilize in 110 o of flextion and full supination type II - immobilize in 70 o of flextion and full supination
Treatment : pediatrics Operative Plating of ulna + reduction of radial head ± annular ligament repair/reconstruction Indication : 1. Bado type I-III with - radial head is not stable following reduction - ulna length not stable (unable to maintain ulna length) 2. Acute Bado type IV 3. open fracture
Treatment : adult Operative ORIF of ulna ± Open reduction of radial head Indication : 1. open or unstable fracture 2. comminuted fracture 3. most Monteggia in adults are treated surgically
Complication PIN or radial nerve palsy from anterior displacement of radial head -S pontanrous recovery in usual Non-union radiohumeral ankylosis radioulnar synostosis Recurrent radial head dislocation