Department of University Safety & AssurancesDepartment of University Safety & Assurances
www.safety.uwm.edu
US&A (v. 2/07)
US&A (v. 2/07)
•Training topics include:
–confined space
identification and hazards
–air monitoring
–controlling hazards
–communications
–blowers
–emergency retrieval
system use
–emergency procedures
What you need to knowWhat you need to know
US&A (v. 2/07)
Step I: What is a confined space?Step I: What is a confined space?
•(a) Is large enough and
so configured that an
employee can enter and
perform assigned work;
•(b) Has limited or
restricted means for
entry or exit, and
•(c) Is not designed for
continuous employee
occupancy.
US&A (v. 2/07)
Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
•manholes and pits
•steam pit
•electrical pit
•signal pit
•storm drain manhole
•sump pit
•tanks at the Power
Plant
•others - see inventoryUWM Steam Pit #1 at
Power Plant
US&A (v. 2/07)
Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 1: Outside
Power Plant
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 2: Between
Holton and
Merrill Halls
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 3: between
Chapman and
Sandburg
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 4: East side of
Lapham Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 5: Southeast
of Lapham Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 6: North of Child
Care Center
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 7: Goat Hill
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 8:
South of
Lapham
Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 10:
South of
EMS
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 11: Union
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 12?:
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 13: Mitchell Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit #14: Southwest
corner of Golda Meir
Library
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
•Signal Pit outside
Power Plant
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
•Permit-required Confined
spaces at the Power Plant
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Steam Pit west of Mitchell
Hall
Mitchell north-wing
roof steam line chase
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
•Acid Neutralization
Pit in Lapham Hall
–Serviced by Outside
Contractor
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pump House
US&A (v. 2/07)
•Use this flowchart
to determine if an
enclosed space is
a “confined
space” and
whether a
“confined space”
is a “permit-
required confined
space”
Step 2: Is It A Permit-Required Step 2: Is It A Permit-Required
Confined Space?Confined Space?
US&A (v. 2/07)
Step III: Hierarchy of Permit-Step III: Hierarchy of Permit-
Spaces Spaces
(c)(7)ReclassificationReclassification-Hazards Eliminated
(c)(5)Alternate EntryAlternate Entry-Hazards Controlled
(by continuous forced air ventilation)
(c)(4)Permit SpacePermit Space EntryEntry-Hazards
Cannot be Eliminated nor Controlled
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Hierarchy of Permit-SpacesHierarchy of Permit-Spaces
Refer to
Handout
US&A (v. 2/07)
C4 Permit Confined SpaceC4 Permit Confined Space
•Lapham Hall and
Chemistry--the
laboratory fume hood
system “Gas
Chambers”
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C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous
VentilationVentilation
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C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous
VentilationVentilation
•Electrical Pits
•Signal Pits
•Steam Pits
US&A (v. 2/07)
C7 Hazards EliminatedC7 Hazards Eliminated
•Mitchell Hall
Basement Utility
Chase.
(Looking north, from south
access panel. The
immediate south end is
a C7 Hazard Eliminated
space; the rest of the
chase is a
“C-5” confined space.)
US&A (v. 2/07)
Confined Space and Hazardous Space Confined Space and Hazardous Space
InventoryInventory
www.safety.uwm.edu/EHS/CONFINEDSPACE/index.html
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Other Hazardous SpacesOther Hazardous Spaces
•Some enclosed
areas and roofs
are labeled with
special
precautions.
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What you need to knowWhat you need to know
•Be sure you can
identify a confined
space
•You need to know
what safety
measures to take
prior to entering a
confined space
US&A (v. 2/07)
What Are the Hazards?What Are the Hazards?
•Oxygen HazardsOxygen Hazards
–too much or too little
•Toxic HazardsToxic Hazards
–gases, vapors or fumes
(examples: hydrogen
sulfide, sulfur dioxide,
carbon monoxide)
•Flammable or Explosive Flammable or Explosive
HazardsHazards
–vapors or dusts in
concentrations large
enough to ignite
•Engulfment Engulfment
–shifting liquid or solid
substance that traps
employee
•ConfigurationConfiguration
–Walls or floor which
slope downward or taper
in can trap an employee
•Energy HazardsEnergy Hazards
–Contact with mechanical
or electrical equipment,
steam or other sources
of heat
Atmospheric Atmospheric
HazardsHazards
US&A (v. 2/07)
•Multi-gas meters for
confined
space/hazardous
space air monitoring.
Multi Gas MetersMulti Gas Meters
•Though similar, each instrument has unique
features and operating characteristics. These
devices measure "real-time" oxygen content,
flammability/explosion potential, carbon monoxide
(CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H
2S) concentrations.
US&A (v. 2/07)
What is Air?What is Air?
US&A (v. 2/07)
Hazardous AtmospheresHazardous Atmospheres
•Asphyxiating Asphyxiating
(simple and chemical)(simple and chemical)
•FlammableFlammable
•ToxicToxic
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Location of PPS MeterLocation of PPS Meter
•Multi-gas
meters are kept
in Mitchell Hall
B8
US&A (v. 2/07)
Methane (CHMethane (CH
44))
•Natural gas, marsh gas, swamp gas
•Due to gas leak or organic decay
•Colorless/odorless flammable gas, or scented
•LEL = 5%; UEL = 15%
•I s Methane Toxic?
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Abbreviations: ToxicantsAbbreviations: Toxicants
•ppmppmparts per million
1% = 10,000 ppm
•IDLHIDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or
Health
•PELPELPermissible Exposure Limit
•TLVTLVThreshold Limit Value
•TWATWA8-hour Time Weighted Average
•STELSTEL Short Term Exposure Limit (15 min)
US&A (v. 2/07)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO)
•Colorless, odorless gas
•Slightly lighter than air
•Chemical asphyxiant
•Primary source: incomplete combustion
of organic material
•Gasoline-fueled combustion engines
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Hydrogen Sulfide (HHydrogen Sulfide (H
22S)S)
•Sewer gas, stink gas (rotten eggs)
•Odor threshold: 0.02-0.2 ppm
•Colorless, flammable gas
•Heavier than air
Physical Physical
HazardsHazards
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EngulfmentEngulfment
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ConfigurationConfiguration
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Lockout/TagoutLockout/Tagout
•Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) is an
integral component of any
confined space
management
program.
•Confined space entry
procedures and LOTO are not
simply OSHA and DILHR
mandated work rules, but are
part of an effective safety/risk
management program.
Checking the 'key-box' and LOTO
procedures posted adjacent to the
worksite at Boiler #1 in the Heat Plant
US&A (v. 2/07)
NoiseNoise
•Noise can be amplified
because of the design
or acoustic properties
of a confined space.
Excessive noise can
permanently damage
hearing as well as
affect communications
regarding work
performed or warnings.
US&A (v. 2/07)
Other Atmospheric ConditionsOther Atmospheric Conditions
•While not an air
contaminant, high
temperatures and
high humidity can
make work
uncomfortable in
some locations such
as steam pits
US&A (v. 2/07)
Falling ObjectsFalling Objects
•Workers in
confined spaces
should be aware
of the potential for
falling objects.
• In particular,
hazards are
prevalent in
spaces that have
topside openings
for entry and
where work is
being done above
the worker.
US&A (v. 2/07)
Other HazardsOther Hazards
US&A (v. 2/07)
Other HazardsOther Hazards
Psychological Psychological
HazardsHazards
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Psychological HazardsPsychological Hazards
•These include
claustrophobia or other
problems associated
with being in a dark,
cramped or isolated
space.
•Such hazards can be
magnified by a worker’s
physical condition.
•A person in poor
physical condition may
become easily fatigued.
US&A (v. 2/07)
CommunicationCommunication
•Alert supervisor
upon entering and
leaving
•For Permit Space
Entry, maintain
contact with
attendant throughout
entire scheduled
operation
US&A (v. 2/07)
Ventilators/BlowersVentilators/Blowers
•Always push clean air in
•If using a portable generator to
power blower, make sure
exhaust from generator is
positioned downward from the
confined space
•If using an extension cord to
power blower, use GFCI cord
•Do not use blowers in
enclosed spaces where
damaged asbestos exists
US&A (v. 2/07)
Purge TimesPurge Times
US&A (v. 2/07)
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
•Do not enter a
confined
space without
hands-on
training in
use of
equipment
US&A (v. 2/07)
•Body Harness:
Straps which may be
secured about an
employee in a
manner that will
distribute the fall
arrest forces over at
least the thighs,
pelvis, waist, chest
and shoulders with
means for attaching
it to other
components of a
personal fall arrest
system
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
US&A (v. 2/07)
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
•Adjusting harness
–Your harness must fit and
be adjusted correctly in
order to work comfortably
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•Lanyard:
A flexible line
used to
secure a
body belt or
body
harness to a
lifeline or
directly to a
point of
anchorage.
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
Lanyards
US&A (v. 2/07)
•Connector:
A device used to couple (connect)
parts of the personal fall arrest
system, such as a carabiner, or
it may be an integral
component of part of the
system (such as a buckle or
“D-ring” sewn into a body belt
or body harness, or a snap-
hook spliced or sewn to a
lanyard or self-retracting
lanyard.)
Carabiners
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
US&A (v. 2/07)
•Lifeline:
A line provided for direct
or indirect attachment to
a worker’s body belt,
body harness, lanyard
or deceleration device.
Such lifelines may be
horizontal or vertical in
application
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
Retractable life lines
US&A (v. 2/07)
Other PPEOther PPE
•Hard Hat
•Boots
•Safety Glasses
US&A (v. 2/07)
Protecting Openings to Confined Protecting Openings to Confined
SpacesSpaces
•When opening is in a
public walkway, ADA
compliant barricades must
be set up to protect the
pedestrian traffic from all
directions.
•Barricades must be lit
during hours of darkness.
•When out of pedestrian
traffic and sidewalks,
tripod and attendant
should be sufficient to
protect public from
confined space openings.
US&A (v. 2/07)
Assembling TripodAssembling Tripod
•Extend legs so
that the tripod
will stand at
least 8’ above
the opening
•Fully extend the
legs if using
tripod on “built -
up” manholes
•Use better body
mechanics
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Attaching Winch to TripodAttaching Winch to Tripod
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Attaching Lifeline to TripodAttaching Lifeline to Tripod
•Disconnect
the pulley
assembly
•Run lifeline
over the
pulley
•Reconnect
the pulley
assembly
US&A (v. 2/07)
Attaching and Testing WinchAttaching and Testing Winch
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Positioning TripodPositioning Tripod
•Adjust the legs
so that the
pulley is
centeredcentered over
the opening of
the confined
space
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Entry Supervisor’s DutiesEntry Supervisor’s Duties
The authorized entry supervisor’s duties include the The authorized entry supervisor’s duties include the
following:following:
•Know space hazards including information on the mode of
exposure, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure
•Verify emergency plans and specified entry conditions such as
permits, tests, procedures and equipment before allowing entry
•Terminate entry and cancel permits when entry operations are
completed or if a new condition exists
•Take appropriate measures to remove unauthorized entrants
•Ensure that entry operations remain consistent with the entry
permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained
US&A (v. 2/07)
Emergency RetrievalEmergency Retrieval
•All UWM workers will be trained to do non-entry rescue
•Rescue involving entry into the confined space will be done by
the Milwaukee Fire Department Urban Rescue Team
US&A (v. 2/07)
Non-Entry RescueNon-Entry Rescue
DO NOT ENTER THE DO NOT ENTER THE
CONFINED SPACE CONFINED SPACE
YOURSELF!!YOURSELF!!
•Call for help. Use your
two way communication
to get assistance.
•Call campus police at 9-
911. Relay your
location, the nature of
the incident and
emphasize the incident
has occurred in a
confined space.
•While awaiting help, use
retrieval system to get
your partner out of the
space, only if the rescue
is a simple vertical
withdrawal.
US&A (v. 2/07)
Non-Entry RescueNon-Entry Rescue
•Do not move your partner
if you suspect a head or
neck injury has
occurred.
•Do not attempt a non-
entry rescue if the person
would be dragged around
a corner or between
obstacles which could
entangle your partner.
US&A (v. 2/07)
ReviewReview
•If you are
involved at
all in
confined
space work,
be sure you
are
comfortable
with
emergency
procedures
US&A (v. 2/07)
Potential HazardsPotential Hazards
•Identify
the
potential
hazards of
this
confined
space
US&A (v. 2/07)
Is This Safe?Is This Safe?
Is this Safe?Is this Safe?
US&A (v. 2/07)
Is This Safe?Is This Safe?
INCORRECT
Even putting your head into
confined space without
ventilation and monitoring can
be dangerous
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Is This Safe?Is This Safe?
CORRECT
Confined space should be
ventilated before entry.
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ConclusionConclusion
•Remember – A safe worker is a happy worker!