Congenital anomalies of Respiratory tract.pptx

respiratory diseases

1. Congenital anomalies of Respiratory tract DR.SEHAR ZAHID ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PAEDIATRICS

2. Learning objectives To enumerate the anatomical abnormalities of larynx, trachea and diaphragm To know the history and examination findings To identify these radiologically To describe their management

3. Anatomical structures

4. Tracheal and Laryngeal abnormalities Laryngomalacia , Tracheomalacia Congenital subglottic stenosis Congenital webs and atresia Congenital subglottic hemangioma Tracheoesophageal fistulas and clefts

5. Tracheal agenesis Associated with maternal polyhydramnios Presented immediately with severe respiratory distress, absent cry and unable to intubate 3 types

6. Xray

7. Tracheal stenosis Presented with stridor at birth CT scan, MRI used to identify 3 types Generalized Focal Funnel

8. xray

9. Laryngomalacia & tracheomalacia Tracheal softening due to cartilage abnormalities Primary congenital immaturity of cartilage Secondary normal cartilage undergoes degeneration D ue to chronic infections cyctic fibrosis, recurrent aspirations and immunodeficiencies or extrinsic pressures by slings, vascular rings. Diagnosed by CT scan, bronchoscopy

10. Tracheoesophageal fistula Associated with esophageal atresia Presentation will be choking, coughing at time of feeding 5 types Imaging should be done to know the exact type

11. types

12. xrays

13. Laryngeal webs and atresia Anterior glottis and subglottis stenosis due to incomplete recanalization of laryngetracheal tube. Associated with other chromosomal and cardiovascular anomalies Diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy Management only incision and dilation Can be diagnosed antenatally .

14. Nelson pic

15. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Communication between abdominal and thoracic cavity with or without abdominal contents in thorax. Rarely traumatic Types Posterolateral( bochdalek ) 90% with (90% left sided) Hiatal(esophageal hiatus) Para esophageal Retrosternal hernia(Morgagni) 2-6 %

16. Presented with pulmonary hypoplasia Associated with esophageal atresia, omphaloceole , CVS and CNS anomalies Clinically Diagnosis Antenataly 50 % on prenatal Ultrasound After birth Chest Xray