conjunction in English Grammar by Ebad.ppt

conjunction in English Grammar by Ebad.ppt

1. Communication Arts
MOST WELCOME TO Grammar
CLASS
By: Ebadullah Nooristani

2. Conjunction

3. Importance of conjunctions
•I saw a dog. The dog had only three legs. He
was lame.
•I run away . The dog barked at me.
Note: conj join together sentences & often make
them more compact.
ex: Ahmad is a good bowler. Ali is a good bowler.
Ahmad and Ali are good bowlers
ex: the man is poor. But he is hones.
The man is poor but honest.

4. What is conjunction?
ΩOrigin: the word conjunction is taken from Latin word
(conjungere)
Con: means Together and jungere: means to join.
ΩDefinitions:
oConjunction is a word that joins the part of sentence.
oConjunction is a word that joins two words, phrases, clauses,
or sentence.
oConjunctions are joining words that join words or group of
words in a sentence.
Ex: he works in a shop and goes to the university.
In the class or at home
You can pay in cash or by credit card.

5. Types of conjunction
1.Coordinating conjunction: are use to join two independent
clauses.
or to join two words, clauses, phrases or sentences of equal
grammatical value.
Note: coordinating conj are also known as FANBOYS.
•For (reason) and (related ideas) nor (negative choice)
•But ( opposite ideas ) or (choice) yet (contrast) so (result)
ex: the girl was tired, yet she walked for an hour.
don’t have milk, for it is very hot.

6. Types of conjunction
2. Subordinating conjunction:
are use to join one independent clause with a
dependent clause.
ex: because, although, if, while, after…
Since we are here, let’s start the meal.
He play with his brother after he reached home.
Unless you eat will, you will not stay healthy.
Although she was ill, she came to the class.

7. Types of subordinating conjunction
Note: subordinating conjunctions can be divided in two five
types.
Sub conj of time: are used to show time.
ex: before, until, when, since, after,
ex: I return home after Ali had gone.
Sub conj of purpose: are used to show the purpose of
doing something.
ex: so that, providing that…
 Sub con of cause or reason: are used to show the
reason of doing something.
ex: because, since, for, as…
as he is a friend, he may enter.

8. Types of subordinating conjunction
Sub conj of result: are used to show the result.
ex: so… that such… that
it was such a nice party that we went last week.
Sub conj of comparison: are used to show
comparison.
ex: than / he is stronger than you.
Sub conj of condition: are used to show the
condition of doing something.
ex: if, whether, unless, only if…

9. Types of conjunction
3. Paired/correlative/double conjunction:
Are used as a pair and join ideas of rank/importance.
Both…and : joins two positive ideas.
ex: both Ali and Ahmad are brother.
Neither… nor : join two negative ideas.
ex: neither the teacher nor the students were present.
Either… or : join two positive ideas.
ex: either the boy or girls buy these clothes.
Not only… but also : joins to + or – ideas.
ex: not only Ali but also Sonia is a doctor.
Whether… or not : introduces two or more possibilities.
EX: whether you come to the party or not , we will enjoy it

10. Types of conjunction
3. Transition (conjunctive adverbs) :
are words or phrases which take us from one
idea to another and can join different sentences
and paragraphs in a writing.
ex: furthermore, finally, in the meantime,
therefore.

11. By: Ebadullah Nooristani
Email: [email protected]
Ph No: 0705288515