Consequences of tourism: positive and negative

Consequences of tourism: positive and negative

1. Module - 3 Tourism and Environment Meaning, nature and importance of tourism Typology of tourism Potentials for tourism development in India Challenges before India’s tourism sector National Tourism Policy of India Consequences of tourism development Eco-tourism

2. Consequences of Tourism Tourism Development have both positive as well as negative impact on Economy Society/Culture Environment

3. Consequences of Tourism Tourism is an activity which helps the overall development of a region. Tourism industry generates substantial economic benefit for host countries and tourist. Tourism Development have both positive as well as negative impact on Economy Society/Culture Environment

4. Positive Economic Impacts of Tourism Development Generating the national income. It contributes 6.23% to the national GDP. Tourism is the major source of revenue for the Govt. through taxes. Tourism may promote development through encouragement of the new economic linkages. Tourism provides source of employment both direct employment (e.g. hotels) and indirect employment (e.g. retailing). It contributes 8.78% of the total employment. Tourism helps to increase foreign exchange earnings.

5. Positive Economic Impacts of Tourism Development Tourism helps to reduce the problem of regional inequality (rural tourism) Revival of local art and craft, cottage and small scale industries, horticulture etc. Tourism can encourage the local government to make infrastructural improvements

6. Negative Impacts of tourism on Economy Tourism development may increase levels of economic dependence upon foreign companies and investors, in particular for third world nations. Import leakage Enclave tourism Tourism has been widely associated with localized inflation of the price of land, labour cost and prices of goods. Studies suggest rather than distributing the economic gain across the region, development tends to focus of existing developed areas. Adjoining peripheral areas of tourist locations are worst affected as out migration is high from these areas. Tourism jobs are more of a part time and seasonal in nature.

7. Positive Socio-Cultural Consequences of Tourism Development Tourism promotes harmonious relation between the host country and world. Tourism brings in respect of different culture Cultural exchange between hosts and guests to reduce prejudices Many old buildings converted into hotels or living museums for the tourist. Tourism encourages education in host population. Conservation and restoration of monuments. Local culture, local cuisine is saved Different events and festivals Economic value of cultural resources Respect for local community Preservation of cultural heritages

8. Negative Socio-Cultural Consequences of Tourism Development Excessive importance of commercialization may destroy the local culture. Some developing nation’s premature exposure of western ideas and technology creates social problems. Rapid tourism development contributes to high crime rate. Tourism is often seen as an intruder by the farmer and the forester in particular who has been the sole users of the land. The development of tourism has seriously affected the agriculture and fisheries Cultural Shock Deprivation of local poor Displacement of local people Imbalanced economic development

9. Positive Environmental Consequences of Tourism Development Increase the importance conservation of important natural areas like national parks, regional park, bird sanctuaries etc. improvement of the quality of environment. Environmental laws are more effectively implemented Provides for captive breeding programmes for endangered species of wildlife in zoos. Tourism helps to increase the awareness about the environmental problems Tourism can significantly contribute to environmental protection, conservation and restoration of biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources.

10. Negative Environmental Consequences of Tourism Development Destruction of natural environment Pollution due to CO2 emissions related to transportation energy use. Wild life habitat and coastal marine ecosystem gets damaged. Due to development of water sport in different beaches in India aquatic life get impacted. A lack of land use planning and regulations destroy aesthetic value of nature. Waste disposal Tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when it increases consumption Water scarcity is a major problem

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