Conservation of Plants - Himalayan Marsh Orchid

This presentation will help in understanding more about the Himalayan Marsh Orchid. From it's characteristics, uses, threats to the area it's found in it's all in there.

1. Conservation of Plants Himalayan Marsh Orchid Isha Dave Bsc Bioscience Sem 1

2. Dactylorhiza hatagirea commonly known as Himalayan Marsh Orchid. Dactylorhiza hatagirea - is a species of orchid generally found growing in the Himalayas, from Pakistan to SE Tibet, at altitudes of 2,800–4,000 metres. It is locally called ' salam panja' or 'hatta haddi '. Introduction

3. Scientific Classification Kingdom : Plantae Clade : Angiosperms Order : Asparagales Family : Orchidaceae Subfamily : Orchidoideae Genus : Dactylorhiza Species : D. hatagirea Binomial name : Dactylorhiza hatagirea

4. Morphological characteristics Plant is terrestrial glabrous herb attends height of 20-25 cm. Tubers slightly flattened, palmately divided into 3-5, finger like lobes. Flower stalk up to 90 cm Long, hollow, leafy throughout or the lower portion bear few sheathing scales. Leaves are 4-6, cauline, leaf blade oblong to linear lanceolate, 8.0-15.0cm x 1.5-3.0 cm in size

5. Inflorescence is raceme, 5.0-15.0 cm long, crowded with many flowers. Flowers are purple and the bracts green, narrowly lance shaped, lower bract longer, upper slightly shorter. Flowers are about 1.8 cm long, including the curved spur. Sepals and petals are nearly equal.

6. Schemetic diagram of an Orchid Flower

7. Uses The plant is well known for its medicinal value . The juice extracted from tuber is used as a tonic and also used for the treatment of pyorrhea (inflammation of the gum and teeth). Root paste is externally applied as a poultice on cuts and wounds and extract is given in intestinal disorders. The term hatta haddi means a root( jadi ) resembling a hand (hatta or hath).

8. Distribution - Himalayan Range

9. Economic view The tubers of the species yields high quality “ Salep ” having astringent and aphrodisiac properties, with high economic value. It is strictly prohibited for collection and sale, but can be found easily around Nepal. It costs around NRs. 10,000-15,000 per kilo as of late 2015. Recently in Delhi, it is sold at Rs 9200/Kg. Dry Natural Orchid

10. Threats Because of the high economic value of tubers, it resulted in high demand and illegal collection of the species from the wild, making this species the most exploited species in the Indian Himalaya. Destructive harvesting of underground tuber and irregular grazing were observed as critical threats to the species. Orchids are illegally collected and traded for ornamental plants, traditional medicine, and consumption. The increasing demand for orchids for various purposes leads to unsustainable harvesting practices in India. India is home to about 1256 orchid species, of which 307 species are endemic to the country. Despite such vast biodiversity, only 11 species are protected under India's Wildlife (Protection) Act.

11. Propagation Orchids are able to reproduce themselves in two different ways : Sexually by seed Asexually by vegetative propagation. The materials for propagation are seeds and tuber cuttings. Plants can be grown by splitting the sprouting tubers.

12. Conservation In vitro In vivo Seed Germination

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