Consti Law Presentation - Vulnerable Sectors pt 1.pptx

Human Rights

1. Vulnerable Sectors

2. Contents A. Women B. Children C. Persons with Disabilities D. Indigenous People E. Racial Discrimination Vulnerable Sectors 2

3. Vulnerable Sectors Refers to segments of the population that are more susceptible to experiencing harm, discrimination, or disadvantage due to various factors such as their social, economic, geographic location, or physical circumstances. (UNESCWA, 2020) Vulnerable Sectors 3

4. Women

5. Why are women classified as a vulnerable sector? Vulnerable Sectors 5 Women have always been perceived as inferior to man. Gender roles established women as in-charge of housekeeping duties Women are deemed as uneducated and thus should just stay at home. Women are only valued based on their looks and their child-bearing capabilities. Women are usually the victims of gender-based violence. Women have less opportunities than men.

6. Political Rights of Women Convention Vulnerable Sectors 6 Officially known as the Convention on the Political Rights of Women, and was ratified on 1953 in New York, USA. This Convention aims to ensure that women enjoy equal rights with men in the political sphere.

7. Political Rights covered in CPRW Right to vote – Article I Right to be elected – Article II Right to hold public office – Article III Vulnerable Sectors 7

8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Vulnerable Sectors 8 Otherwise known as CEDAW . It was adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 18, 1979. It entered into force as an international treaty on September 3, 1981.

9. Article 1: Discrimination Against Women Vulnerable Sectors 9 CEDAW defined “discrimination against women” as any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil, or any other field.

10. Article 2: Condemnation of Discrimination Against Women Vulnerable Sectors 10 Requires states parties to condemn discrimination and take action to eliminate it in all its forms, including incorporating these principles into their legal system.

11. Article 3: Gender Equality Vulnerable Sectors 11 Calls for measures to ensure the full development and advancement of women, recognizing the importance of equality in political, social, economic, and cultural spheres.

12. Article 4: Special Measures Vulnerable Sectors 12 Adoption by States Parties of temporary special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women shall not be considered discrimination as defined in the present Convention, but shall in no way entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate standards; these measures shall be discontinued when the objectives of equality of opportunity and treatment have been achieved. Adoption by States Parties of special measures, including those measures contained in the present Convention, aimed at protecting maternity shall not be considered discriminatory.

13. Article 5: Sex Role Stereotyping and Prejudice Vulnerable Sectors 13 To modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women, with a view to achieving the elimination of prejudices and customary and all other practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes or on stereotyped roles for men and women; To ensure that family education includes a proper understanding of maternity as a social function and the recognition of the common responsibility of men and women in the upbringing and development of their children, it being understood that the interest of the children is the primordial consideration in all cases.

14. Article 6: Prostitution Vulnerable Sectors 14 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women.

15. Article 7: Political and Public Life Vulnerable Sectors 15 To vote in all elections and public referenda and to be eligible for election to all publicly elected bodies ; To participate in the formulation of government policy and the implementation thereof and to hold public office and perform all public functions at all levels of government; To participate in non-governmental organizations and associations concerned with the public and political life of the country.

16. Article 8: Representation Vulnerable Sectors 16 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure to women, on equal terms with men and without any discrimination, the opportunity to represent their Governments at the international level and to participate in the work of international organizations.

17. Feminism Vulnerable Sectors 17 It is a social and political movement advocating for the equality of the sexes and challenging the systemic inequalities and discrimination based on gender Started in Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 It comprises of four waves: 1 st Wave – late 19 th Century to early 20 th Century 2 nd Wave – 1960s-1980s 3 rd Wave – 1990s to early 2000s 4 th Wave – 2008-present

18. Timeline of the Women’s Rights Movement (Feminism) in the West Vulnerable Sectors 18

19. Vulnerable Sectors 19 1 2 3 4 s n r T t d h WAVE

20. Vulnerable Sectors 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Seneca Falls Convention Held in July 1848 The first Women’s Rights Movement Called for woman suffrage

21. Vulnerable Sectors 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 th Amendment Ratified on August 18, 1920 Granted women the right to vote

22. Vulnerable Sectors 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Alaska Equal Rights Act of 1945 Signed into law on February 16, 1945 One of the earliest attempts to address issues of discrimination and inequality. Particularly in employment and public accommodations.

23. Vulnerable Sectors 23 1 2 3 4 S n r T t d h WAVE

24. Vulnerable Sectors 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Stonewall Uprising Considered as the First Pride March Series of riots by member of the LGBTQIA+ community and the NYPD

25. Vulnerable Sectors 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

26. Vulnerable Sectors 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Roe v. Wade Decided on January 22, 1973 Does the State have the right to interfere with a woman’s choice to attempt an abortion?

27. Vulnerable Sectors 27 1 2 3 4 S n r T t d h WAVE

28. Vulnerable Sectors 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Testimony of Anita Hill v. Thomas Discussed the existence of sexual harassment in the workplace

29. Vulnerable Sectors 29 1 2 3 4 S n r t t d h WAVE

30. Vulnerable Sectors 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PRIDE Month Celebrated every month of June Promoting LGBTQIA+ rights

31. Vulnerable Sectors 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 #MeToo Movement Urged everyone, regardless of sex and sexual orientation, to come out and rise against sexual harassment and abuse.

32. Vulnerable Sectors 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 #MeToo Movement Urged everyone, regardless of sex and sexual orientation, to come out and rise against sexual harassment and abuse.

33. Vulnerable Sectors 33

34. Timeline of Women’s Roles and Rights in the Philippines Vulnerable Sectors 34 Pre-Spanish Period (Before 1565)

35. Timeline of Women’s Roles and Rights in the Philippines Vulnerable Sectors 35 Spanish Colonization (1565-1898)

36. Timeline of Women’s Roles and Rights in the Philippines Vulnerable Sectors 36 American Colonization (1898-1946) Women are given more freedom especially in politics and education. Women started to embrace liberalism

37. Timeline of Women’s Roles and Rights in the Philippines Vulnerable Sectors 37 Japanese Colonization (1941-1945) Rape and other forms of sexual abuse were rampant Women were reduced to playthings of Japanese Soldiers Women were made to sacrifice to offer themselves to the Japanese soldiers to help their family members escape

38. Timeline of Women’s Roles and Rights in the Philippines Vulnerable Sectors 38 Modern Filipinas (post-war era-present) Filipino women are more educated and are much more aware of their rights They have ample representation in the Government Working conditions and opportunities are much better than before due to legislation and other government policies

39. Women’s Rights in the Philippines Vulnerable Sectors 39 Women’s rights are recognized in the following provisions and laws: Sec. 14, Art. II, 1987 Constitution; Sec. 14, Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution ; Art. 135 of the Labor Code ; Arts. 69, 96, 124 of the Family Code RA 7192 or the Women in Development and Nation Building Act RA 7877 or the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 RA 11313 or the Safe Spaces Act RA 9208 or the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 and its amendment, RA 10364 or the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012 RA 10354 or the Reproductive Health Law

40. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) “ The State shall protect working women by providing safe and healthful working conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize their full potential in the service of the nation.” – Sec. 14, Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution. Vulnerable Sectors 40

41. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) “ It shall be unlawful for any employer to discriminate against any woman employee with respect to terms and conditions of employment solely on account of her sex.” – Art. 135, Labor Code of the Philippines Vulnerable Sectors 41

42. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Criminal liability for the willful commission of any unlawful act as provided in this article or any violation of the rules and regulations issued pursuant to Section 2 hereof shall be penalized as provided in Articles 288 and 289 of this Code: Provided, That the institution of any criminal action under this provision shall not bar the aggrieved employee from filing an entirely separate and distinct action for money claims, which may include claims for damages and other affirmative reliefs. The actions hereby authorized shall proceed independently of each other. Vulnerable Sectors 42

43. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Family Code Provisions: Art. 69 – fixing the family domicile (done alongside the husband) Art. 96 – administration and enjoyment of the community property. Art. 124 – administration and enjoyment of the conjugal partnership. Vulnerable Sectors 43

44. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) RA 7192 or the Women in Development and Nation Building Act The law mandates the integration of women in all developmental efforts and policies of the government, including education, labor, health, and social services. Vulnerable Sectors 44

45. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) It is the primary agency responsible for ensuring the participation of women as recipients in foreign aid, grants, and loads. Vulnerable Sectors 45

46. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 46 Sec. 5. – Equality in Capacity to Act

47. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 47 Sec. 7. Equal Membership in Clubs

48. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 48 Philippine Commission on Women (formerly known as National commission on the Role of Filipino Women) Renamed by virtue of RA 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women, expanding its mandates and structure. It is the the primary policymaking and coordinating body on women and gender equality concerns. It continues to build upon the past efforts and achievements in advancing the status of women. It acts as a catalyst for gender mainstreaming, the authority on women’s concerns, and advocates for women’s empowerment, gender equity, and gender equality.

49. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 49 Mandates and Functions: Institute the gender responsiveness of national development plans and coordinate the preparation, assessment, and updating of the National Plan for Women, ensure its implementation and monitor the performance of government agencies in the implementation of the Plan at all levels. Undertake continuing advocacy to promote economic, social and political empowerment of women and provide technical assistance in the setting up and strengthening of mechanisms on gender mainstreaming. Ensure that the gains achieved by Filipino women due to Philippine culture and tradition shall be preserved and enhanced in the process of modernization.

50. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 50 RA 7877 Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 Signed into law on February 14, 1995 by Former Pres. Fidel V. Ramos Aims to protect individuals, particularly women, from sexual harassment in the workplace and in educational or training institutions.

51. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 51 Classification of Sexual Harassment: In a work-related or employment environment: Employment in exchange for sexual favors Granting employment Discriminate, deprive, or diminish employment opportunities The acts would impair the employee’s rights and/or privileges under existing labor laws; or The above acts would result in an environment that is harmful for the employee

52. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 52 Classification of Sexual Harassment: In an education or training environment: Educational benefits in exchange for sexual favors Usually done against: One who is under the care, custody, or supervision of the offender; One whose education, training, apprenticeship, or tutorship is entrusted to the offender

53. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 53 RA 11313 or the Safe Spaces Act Signed into law on April 17, 2019 by Former Pres. Rodrigo R. Duterte Aims to prevent and address gender-based sexual harassment in public spaces.

54. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 54

55. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 55 Catcalling refers to unwanted remarks directed towards a person, commonly done in the form of wolf-whistling and misogynistic, transphobic, homophobic, and sexist slurs, (Sec. 3, Par (a), RA 11313)

56. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 56 Sexual Harassment may happen at: Streets and Public Places Online and Social Media Platforms Workplace Educational and Training Institutions The following are the concerned Government bodies under RA 11313: Local Government Units Land Transportation Office DSWD PNP (PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group; Women and Children’s Desk) DepEd CHED Who can be liable for sexual harassment? Anyone

57. Vulnerable Sectors 57

58. Vulnerable Sectors 58

59. Vulnerable Sectors 59

60. Vulnerable Sectors 60

61. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) RA 10364 or the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012 Signed into law on February 6, 2013 Seeks to combat human trafficking comprehensively by addressing its various manifestations, protecting and assisting victims, prosecuting traffickers, promoting international cooperation, and monitoring implementation progress. Vulnerable Sectors 61

62. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) What is Trafficking in Persons? refers to the recruitment, obtaining, hiring, providing, offering, transportation, transfer, maintaining, harboring, or receipt of persons with or without the victim’s consent or knowledge, within or across national borders by means of threat, or use of force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or of position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation which includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, servitude or the removal or sale of organs. Vulnerable Sectors 62

63. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) What is Trafficking in Persons? The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, adoption or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation or when the adoption is induced by any form of consideration for exploitative purposes shall also be considered as ‘trafficking in persons’ Vulnerable Sectors 63

64. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) RA 10354 or the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 Aims to promote universal access to reproductive health care services, including family planning, maternal care, and sex education. Vulnerable Sectors 64

65. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 65 Fertility Calendar Helps predict fertile days (unsafe days) by tracking menstrual cycles over several months

66. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 66 Withdrawal Method Also known as the “pull-out method”

67. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 67 Ovulating Period Slight increase in body temperature Changes in cervical mucus Ovulation pain Increased libido Breast tenderness Mood changes Bloating

68. Women’s Rights in the Philippines (cont.) Vulnerable Sectors 68 Contraceptives Refers to a device, medication, procedure, or behavior that allows a woman control over her reproductive health. (National Institute of Health, 2023)