Constitue Of India - Citizenship Amendment Act

Citizenship Amendment Act

1. Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 2019 PRESENTED BY M R SANTHOOSH (RA2312005040003)

2. ‹#› Content Citizenship Citizenship in India Illegal Migrant Scenario Before CAA Objectives of CAA Features of CAA 2019 Exceptions and Special Provisions Criticism: Targeting Muslims Northeastern Opposition Counter Arguments Sovereign Space and Historical Connections Conclusion

3. What is Citizenship? Citizenship defines rights and duties within a nation. It involves state protection, voting rights, and public office eligibility in exchange for fulfilling state obligations. ‹#› ‹#›

4. Citizenship in India Indian citizenship is unified under the Constitution, with Parliament empowered to regulate it under Article 11. ‹#› ‹#›

5. Who is an Illegal Migrant? Illegal migrants enter without valid documents or overstay permitted durations, facing legal repercussions under the Foreigners Act and Passport Act. ‹#› ‹#›

6. Scenario Before CAA Before CAA, illegal migrants couldn't apply for citizenship, facing deportation or jail. The process required significant residency and eligibility conditions. ‹#› ‹#›

7. Objectives of CAA CAA seeks citizenship for persecuted religious minorities, easing naturalization for specified groups from neighboring nations. The goal is to grant citizenship to persecuted religious minorities, simplifying naturalization for certain groups from neighboring countries. ‹#› ‹#›

8. Features of CAA 2019 Act eases naturalization rules and sets a cut-off date, prioritizing religious persecution as citizenship grounds. The Act simplifies naturalization procedures, with a specified eligibility deadline, emphasizing religious persecution for citizenship. ‹#› ‹#›

9. Exceptions and Special Provisions Certain tribal and Inner Line Permit areas are excluded from the Act, recognizing their distinct circumstances. Exclusions are made based on unique legal frameworks in tribal and Inner Line Permit regions. ‹#› ‹#›

10. Criticism: Targeting Muslims Critics assert Act discriminates against Muslims, contradicting secularism, equality, and justice with religious citizenship categories. Criticisms target Act for alleged Muslim discrimination, challenging its alignment with secularism, equality, and justice principles. ‹#› ‹#›

11. Criticism: Violation of Article 14 Critics argue Act breaches Article 14 with arbitrary religious distinctions, denying equal legal protection. Contention centers on Act's alleged violation of Article 14 through religious classifications, undermining legal equality. ‹#› ‹#›

12. Northeastern Opposition Northeastern states fear demographic shifts, cultural erosion, and violations of regional agreements like the Assam Accord. Concerns include economic and political implications of demographic changes and potential cultural dilution in the region. ‹#› ‹#›

13. Other Issues and Criticisms Critiques highlight Act's exclusion of non-listed groups and narrow focus on religious persecution. Criticisms also target Act's reduction of residency requirements as overly restrictive and exclusionary. ‹#› ‹#›

14. Counter Arguments : Not Targeting Muslims Defenders stress Act doesn't bar Muslims from existing citizenship paths, upholding India's non-refoulement pledge. Act proponents argue it doesn't prevent Muslims from citizenship routes, honoring India's non-refoulement commitment. ‹#› ‹#›

15. Sovereign Space and Historical Connections Proponents argue Act's provisions align with sovereign powers, bolstered by historical ties. Act's defenders cite historical links with listed nations to justify its provisions' legality. ‹#› ‹#›

16. Conclusion The CAA sparks legal challenges and debates. Balancing constitutional principles with humanitarian concerns remains crucial for its effective implementation and social harmony. ‹#› ‹#›

17. Thank You