Contempory Arts from the Regions Module 1-2.pptx

Contemporary Arts from the Regions

1. What is Contemporary Art?

2. -Art made and produced by artist living today

3. Contemporary derived from the latin word prefix con – “ together” or “with” , plus tempus – “time”

4. Contemporary art as a Breaking of Norms Contemporary art can be seen as a transgression of established norm and rules . “Learn the rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist .” Pablo Picasso

5. Examples: Race horses by Edgar Degas via 

6. Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon . 1907

7. Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86 by Francis Bacon

8. Contemporary art and Local Heritage Professes an awareness of local heritage which is something that can be passed from one generation to the next, can be conserved or inherited, and has historic or cultural value.

9. Examples: The Radiance of Fernando Amorsolo's Art: Capturing the Essence of the Philippines

10. Fernando Amorsolo: Planting Rice (Mayon)

11. FUNCTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ART:

12. Contemporary art for Pleasure A visual delight in the work of art, can take many forms including an appreciation of beauty and decorations, or delight in an element of surprise. Example:

13. Contemporary art as Profession Artists earn a living through their art since art and ideas are never free. Salvator Mundi , Latin for  Saviour of the World , is a subject in iconography depicting Christ with his right hand raised in blessing and his left hand holding an orb (frequently surmounted by a cross), known as a globus cruciger . Estimated price:  US$450 million Painter: Leonardo da Vinci

14. Contemporary art as Commentary - art has been used to answer our need for information. Artist who fulfill our need for commentary often speak in a language easy to understand, they view art as primary goal to communication by means of subject matter.

15. Social Commentary Post War Art

16. Contemporary art Spirituality - artists may create art to express spiritual beliefs about the destiny of life controlled by the force of a higher power.

17. Contemporary art as Remembrance - art can be remembrance which is something done as an aid to memory. We need to commemorate important events and people that have shaped our history and show reverence for those who have gone before us. The painting Spoliarium by Juan Luna  depicts a scene in a Roman amphitheatre , in which the dead bodies of two gladiators are being pulled towards the spoliarium . Spoliarium was the name given to the Roman Colosseum basement where fallen gladiators were stripped of their armor and weapons, and then prepared for burial.

18. Contemporary art as Self-expression - art fulfills an expressive function when an artist conveys information about his or her personality, feelings or worldview.

19. Get ¼ sheet of paper!

20. Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement. Write the answers on the space provided. This refers to art being created now. Art c. Appropriation Contemporary Art d. Historical usage 2. It defines contemporary art as a specific episode or stage in the story of the evolution of art, referring to a specific location in space and time. Contemporary art c. Chronological view Historical usage d. Image

21. 3. A contemporary art as specific episode or stage in the story of the evolution of art, referring to a specific location in space and time. Martial Law c. Commentary Edsa Revolution d. Historical usage 4. It is an important preoccupation in the world of contemporary art. Gallery c. Establishments Appropriation d. Images 5. It is something that can be passed from one generation to the next. Heritage c. Spirituality Patronage d. Remembrance

22. 6. This is a function of contemporary art where visual delight in a work or art can take many forms, including appreciation of beauty and decorations. Pleasure c. Spirituality Profession d. Self-expression 7. It is one of the functions of contemporary arts where artists earn a living through creating or making art. Remembrance c. Profession Pleasure d. Commentary 8. Another functions of contemporary arts where artists create to express spiritual beliefs about the destiny of life controlled by the force of higher power. Remembrance c. Self-expression Spirituality d. Pleasure

23. 9. One of the purposes of contemporary arts is to help us commemorate important events or people that have shaped our history to show reverence for those who have gone before us. Remembrance c. Pleasure Spirituality d. Commentary 10. This fulfills an expressive function when an artist conveys information about his or her personality, feelings or worldview. Self-expression c. Spirituality Pleasure d. Profession

24. National Artists of the Philippines

25. National Artist for Virtual Arts: Fernando Amorsolo – Amorsolo is the first National Artist in the country and was known for using backlighting technique in painting making his creations bright and cheerful.

26. Carlos “ Botong ” Francisco – revived the art of mural and was considered to be the most distinguished mural painter for about three decades and was known for using historical events as subject matter for his murals.

27. Guillermo E. Tolentino – honored as National Artist for Sculpture in 1973 and was known for designing the seal of the Republic of the Philippines and the gold and bronze medals for the Ramon Magsaysay Award. Tolentino’s works include the “UP Oblation”.

28. Napoleon V. Abueva – was considered to be the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture . He is skillful in creating both representational and modern abstract sculptures using a wide variety of materials. - creating “buoyant sculpture” type of sculpture to be viewed from the surface of pool.

29. Victorio C. Edades – recognized as the Father of Modern Painting and was known for using dark somber colors in his paintings. His works focused on factory workers, laborers or other simple towns people.

30. Vicente Manansala – he was known for his paintings depicting realistic themes using an abstract or a cubist style. He believed that “the beauty of art is in the process”, in the moment of doing a particular painting, closely associating it with the act of making love.

31. Hernando R. Ocampo – was largely known for his abstract paintings. His works featured shapes bounded with curved lines painted in intense colors. His master piece “Genesis” was used as the basis of the design of the curtain of the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Main Theater.

32. Cesar Legaspi – was known for utilizing and refining cubism, a style involving breaking parts into geometric shapes, in his paintings.

33. Elizalde Navarro – he was known for his hardwood masks reflecting the human and the animal, abstract painting in oil and watercolor and assemblages. He was also known for his fiction works for This Week of the Manila Chronicle and for his figurative drawings for Lydia Arguilla’s Juan tamad .

34. Ang Kiukok – he was known for his paintings expressing nationalism and sociological agenda during the 60’s through vivid cubistic figures. His works include “Geometric landscape,” “Pieta,” and the “Seated Figure”.

35. Benedicto Cabrera – known as “ Bencab ”, Cabrera was noted the as the best selling painter of his generation of Filipino artists and also known for his sketches of a scavenger named “ Sabel , was a symbol of dislocation, despair and isolation the personification of human dignity threatened by life’s circumstance.”

36. Abdulmari Asia Imao – was instrumental in popularizing the ukil , sarimanok and naga motifs in the country as original Filipino creations. He helped in developing trust and confidence among cultural groups, which is needed in building a more humane community and society.

37. Federico Aguilar Alcuaz – was mainly known for his oil and acrylic paintings and sketches in ink, pencil and watercolor.

38. Francisco Coching – tagged as the “Dean of Filipino Illustrators ,” Coaching is the best known for his work on comics and illustrations which lead to its recognition as popular art. He has influenced cartoonist such as Larry Alcala, Ben Infante and Nestor Redondo.

39. Jose T. Joya – is known for pioneering abstract expressionism in the Philippines. His most notable work is the Granadean Arabesque (1958). He also represented the Philippines in the 1964 Venice Biennale.

40. National Artists for Architechture

41. Pablo S. Antonio – he was considered a pioneer in modern Philippine Architecture. A prominent feature of his designs is the use of natural light and cross ventilation.

42. Leandro V. Locsin - his designs usually features themes of floating volume and a mix of both eastern and western aesthetics. Cultural Center Philippines

43. Ildefonso P. Santos – santos pioneered landscape architecture in the Philippines. His work in the Makati Commercial Center incorporated fountains, sculptures and landscapes to a shopping area.

44. National Artist for Literature

45. Historical Literature Carlos Quirino – he is the first and so far the only National Artist for Historical Literature and was also known for writing “The Great Malayan,” which considered to be the one of the earliest biographies of Jose Rizal.

46. Literature Francisco Arcellana – is a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist and teacher, who is recognized as one of the pioneers in writing modern Filipino short stories in English. He also originated the lyrical prose-poetic form in writing short stories.

47. N.V.M Gonzales – Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales is a fictionist, essayist, poet and teacher. He earned numerous recognitions including the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940, the Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1960 and the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in 1990.

48. Nick Joaquin – he is considered as the most distinguished Filipino writer in English writing. His body of work extends from short stories to poems to essays which includes journalism and reportage. He used the name Guerre Quijano de Manila as journalist.

49. F. Sionil Jose – is one of the most widely read Filipino writers founded the Philippine chapter of the international organization PEN.

50. Alejandro Roces – known for his comic short stories which includes “My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken.” He also led the campaign to change the country’s Independence Day from July 4 to June 12.

51. Edith L. Tiempo – is a poet, fictionist, teacher and literary critic who founded the Siliman National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City with her late husband Edilberto K. Tiempo .

52. Virgilio S. Almario – also known as Rio Alma, who is among the notable modemist poets. He reinvented the traditional Filipino poetry forms.

53. Amado V. Hernandez – is known for his contribution in the development of the Tagalog prose through the use of colloquial style.

54. Carlos P. Romulo – is noted as a diplomat and a awarded journalist. He is the first Asian President of the United Nations General Assembly and the only Asian to win the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for his articles on the World War II.

55. Bienvenido Lumbera – is a multi-awarded poet, critic and librettist. His works included Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa (poems in Filipino and English), 1993; Balaybay , Mga Tulang Lunot at Manibalang , 2002; Sa Sariling Bayan, Apat na Dulang May Musika, 2004; Tales of the Manuvu and Rama Hari.

56. Cirilo F. Bautista – is a poet, fictionist and essayist. He founded Philippine Literary Arts Council in 1981, the Iligan National Writers Workshop in 1993 and the Baguio Writers Group.

57. Lazaro Francisco – is among the prominent writers in the Tagalog language. He established the Kapatiran Ng Mga Alagad Ng Wikang Pilipino (KAWIKA) in 1958 to support Tagalog as national language.

58. Jose Garcia Villa – is recognized as one of the best contemporary poets. He is the best known for introducing the reversed consonance rhyme scheme and his use of punctuation, especially commas.

59. National Artists for Dance, Music, Film and Theater

60. Cenima /Film Lamberto V. Avellana – was tagged as the “The Boy Wonder of Philippines Movies” as early as 1939. Kalderong Pilak was the first film by a Filipino firmmaker shown in Cannes International Film Festival.

61. Manual Conde – known for producing and directing films based on old Filipino tales such as Siete Infantes de Lara (1950), Si Juan Tamad (1974), Ang Ibong Adarna (1941). He also bought to the silver screen stories from the other parts of the worlds like Genghis Khan (1950).

62. Eddie S. Romero – he is screenwriter, film director and producer who is behind the Filipino classics such as “ Ganito Kami Noon… Paano Kayo Ngayon ?”, “Banta ng Kahapon ” and “Aguila” as well as the 13-part series “Noli Me Tangere.”

63. Lino Brocka – Catalino “Lino” Brocka is recognized for his films which explores the lives of people in the marginalized sectors. Brocka also directed for theater organizations such as the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) and the Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP).

64. Gerardo de Leon – is a prominent film maker in the 50’s and 60’s producing classics such as “ Daigdig ng Mga Api,” “Noli Me Tangere,” “El Filibusterismo ,” “Dyesebel” and “ Sisa ”.

65. Ishmael Bernal – who was hailed by the critics as “The Genuis of the Philippine Cinema,” is known for directing films that projects the realities of the Filipinos. He was hailed as Director of the Decade of the 1970s by the Catholic Mass Media Awards; four-time Best Director by the Urian Awards (1989, 1985, 1983 and 1977): and given the ASEAN Cultural Award in Communication Arts in 1993.

66. Ronald Alan K. Poe – more known as Fernando Por, Jr. He is an icon in film industry as an actor, director, writer and producer. He starred in films like “Mga Alabok sa Lupa ” (1967), “ Partida ” (1985), “Ang Probinsyano ” (1996) and among others.

67. Dance Francisca Reyes Aquino – she was known for her research on Philippine folk dances, which later resulted to a thesis entitled “Philippine Fold Dances and Games .” It was distributed to public and private schools.

68. Leonor Orosa Goquingco – known as “Mother of Philippine Theater Dance,” Goquingco blended folkloric and Asian styles in ballet choreography. She was founding member of the Philippine Ballet Theater and the Honorary Chair of the Association of Ballet Academies of the Philippines.

69. Ramon Obusan – a dancer, choreographer artistic director, researcher and documentary filmmaker. He was able to promote Filipino Culture in other countries using the art of dance through the Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group.

70. Lucrecia Reyes – Reyes- Urtula was the dance director of the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company , for which she choreographed different Philippine Folk, ethnic dances, pageants and festivals.

71. Alice Reyes – Reyes is known in blending styles and movements from Philippine indigenous dance, classical ballet and modern dance in expressing Filipino subject matters. This is said to be the “contemporary dance language that is uniquely Filipino.”

72. MUSIC Antonio Buenaventura – he was known for his marches including the “Triumphal March,” “History Fantasy,” “Echoes from the Philippines,” and “Ode to Freedom.” He was a conductor of the Philippine Army Band. He wrote compositions for solo instruments, symphonic and orchestral works, which are based on Philippine folksongs.

73. Ernani Cuenco – known for the following songs: “Bato sa Buhangin ,” “ Gaano Kita Kamahal ,” “Isang Dalangin ,” “Kalesa,” “ Inang Bayan,” at “ Pilipinas .” These works brought contemporary Filipino music to a higher level.

74. Francisco Feliciano – his major works include “Ashen Wings,” “ Sikhay sa kabila ng Paalam ,” and “ Pamugun .” He was known for the use of modal scales in his operas and orchestral works. He used indigenous music in his compositions.

75. Jovita Fuentes – she was the best known for her portrayal of Cio-cio San in Giacamo Puccini’s Madame Butterfly in Italy in April 1925. When she returned to the Philippines, she established the Artists’ Guild of the Philippines in an effort to instill love for opera in her countrymen.

76. Jose Maceda – he conducted researches and fieldwork to explore Filipino traditional music further and to understand the nature of Philippine ethnic and traditional music. His efforts gave birth to a huge number of recorded Philippine ethnic and traditional music.

77. Lucio San Pedro – best known for his compositions “Sa Ugoy ng Duyan ,” “Sa Mahal kong Bayan,” “Dance of the Fairies,” “Triumphal March,” and “ Lahing Kayumanggi ,” “Lucio San Pedro was the conductor of the Peng Kong Grand Mason Concert Band, the San Pedro Band of Anggono and the Benda Angono Numero Uno. Working with these bands and other town bands helped in the development of a civic culture among Filipino communities.

78. Levi Celerio – is most known for his recognition as the only man who could play music with a leaf in the Guinness Book of World Records. He also earned Lifetime Achievement Award of the Film Academy of the Philippines for writing songs for local movies. He was also known as the dean of Filipino lyricists.

79. Felipe Padilla de Leon – was known for Filipinizing western music forms. His works, which include “Maria Makiling Overture,” “Manila Overture,” “ Payapang Daigdig ,” and “ Ako’y Pilipino” expressed sentiments and aspirations of the Filipino in times of strife and peace.

80. Lucrecia R. Kasilag – known for fusing Filipino ethnic music with western musical influences. She was also known for incorporating Filipino indigenous musical instruments in orchestral works.

81. Antonio J. Molina – was known for introducing the pentatonic scale, whole tone scale, linear counterpoints and the use of dominant ninths and eleventh chords in the Philippine music.

82. Ramon P. Santos – is a Filipino composer, musicologist and ethnomusicologist who was made a Chevalier de l’Orde des Arts et Lettres in 1987. He helped in advocating modern Philippine music that is still based on early Asian practices and way of life.

83. Andrea Veneracion – she was the founder of the world-renowned University of the Philippines Madrigal Singers or simple the Philippine Madrigal Singers, which is the first choir in the world to win the European Grand Pix for Choral Singing twice. Veneracion is also recognized as an important authority in the development of Philippine choral music.

84. THEATER Daisy Avellana – co-founded the Barangay Theatre Guild, together with her husband, National Artist Lamberto Avellana in 1939. This move made theatre and dramatic arts popular in the country. She was known as director of films “Diego Silang” (1968) and “Walang Sugat ” (1971).

85. Honorata “ Atang ” dela Rama – she was named National Artist for Theater and Musical in 1987. She was known as the Queen of Kundiman and the first actress to portray a 15-year-old in the very first Tagalog film, which was the film version of the sarsuela “ Dalagang Bukid.”

86. Salvador F. Bernal – honored as National Artist for Theater Design in 2003, Bernal used local materials including bamboo, abaca, hemp twine and rattan in theater design for local productions.

87. Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero – he served as the director of UP Dramatic Club for 16 years since 1947. He founded the UP Mobile Theater, which started the concept of theater campus tour.

88. Severino Montano – he organized the Arena Theater Playwriting Contest which became the initial ground for playwrights to showcase their talents in writing while serving as Dean of Instruction of the Philippine Normal College.

89. GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN (GAMABA)

90. Eduardo Mutuc – he dedicated his life in creating religious and secular art in silver, bronze and wood. According to him, craftsmanship begins with respect for one’s tools and the medium and the only way to improve one’s skills is to immerse oneself, learn the technique and to practice.

91. Darhata Sawabi – she is a Tausug weaver of pis syabit – the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a head cover. Women in Sulu province have grown up learning in weaving the pis syabit and she is one of those who took the art of pis syabit making to heart.

92. Haja Amina Appi – she is recognized as a master mat weaver among the Sama indigenous community for her unique designs, straightness of her edging ( tabig ) and fineness of her sasa and kima-kima

93. Lang Dulay – she is a T’boli traditional weaver of “ tinalak ” or T’boli cloth made of colorful abaca fabrics. She used abaca fibers as fine as hair which speaks more eloquently than words can.

94. Salinta Monon – she is a Tagabanwa -Bagobo traditional weaver of distinct abaca fabrics called inabal . She developed a keen eye for the traditional designs and can identify the designs as well as the author of a woven piece just by a glance.

95. Alonzo Saclag – he is a kalinga master of dance and the performing arts who mastered not only the Kalinga musical instruments but also the dance patterns and movements associated with his people’s ritual.

96. Federico Caballero – he is a Sulod -Bukidnon epic chanter who works for the documentation of the oral literature. He is considered as bantugan which means a person who has attained distinction. He strikes to dispense justice in the community through his work as a manughusay which is an arbiter of conflicts.

97. Masino Intaray – he is a prolific and pre-eminent epic canter and story teller recognized for his outstanding mastery of various traditional music instruments of the Palaw’an people, such as basal, kulilal and bagit . He is an outstanding master of the basal, kulilal (musical ensemble) and bagit ; a gifted pot, bard artist and musician.

98. Basal – Kulilal – Bagit – a gifted pot

99. Samon Sulaiman – he is magindanaon , who is highly sophisticated in weaving, okir designs, jewelry, metalwork and brassware which art is Southeast Asian yet distinct in character.

100. Uwang Ahadas – his near-blindness eyesight made music his constant companion. He is a Yakan , a people to whom instrumental music is of much significance, connected as it is with both the agricultural cycle and the social realm.

101. Ginaw Bilog – he is a Hanunoo Mangyan who is considered as a master of the ambahan poetry. He shares old and new ambahans with his fellow Mangyans and promotes this poetic form in a every occasion. A common cultural aspect among cultural communities nationwide is the oral tradition characterized by poetic verses which are either sung or chanted.

102. Magdalena Gamayo – she is a master weaver who makes “ inabel ,” an Ilokano handwoven cloth. She was awarded for her wide array skills in textile weaving. Her handiworks are finer than most abel . Her blankets have a very high thread count and her designs are the most intricate that sometimes take up to five colors.

103. ORAL RECITATION!!!

104. Contemporary Art Form: Elements and Principles

105. LITERATURE – this is a body of workshop that show the best that has been thought and said or works that signify the achievements of a particular culture.

106. Types of Elements of Literature: Prose and Poetry Prose – refers to expressing of feeling or idea with the use of figurative or symbolic language. Example: chapter books, letters, essays and newspaper articles Meaning – a writer can use idioms, new words, allusion and connotations in expressing his feelings or ideas.

107. Figurative language – writer may use of simile, metaphor and other figures of speech in expressing something in a different way aside from its literal meaning. Imagery – this consists of descriptions and details that can trigger the readers’ senses. Sound and Rhythm – sound is the emphasis on certain words while rhythm is the position of beats or the sound pattern of the work. Example: There was an old wo man who lived in a shoe .

108. Prose – is a literature that is not poetry with two categories: informative and persuasive just like an essay. Theme or content – general thought or idea of the composition. Style – refers to the choices of words and sentence structures used to convey the message. Form and structure – this is the sequence of topic and transitions that make the whole essay. Plot or story line – the sequence of events in the story that gives the flow of the narrative.

109. Characters – this can be a person, animal or even thing who takes part in the story. Setting – this is the time and place where the story happened. Theme – this is the central thought of the story. Language and style – style is the choices of words which includes the sentence structures and figurative language that affect the mood of the story. Point of view – narrator may present the author himself for the third-person point of view. The narrator can also be one of the characters.

110. Traditions and Forms of Philippine Poetry: Ethnic Tradition: Epic – this relates adventures of a super hero with powers and serves as a code of values of a particular ethnic group. Folk song - song that is transmitted orally from one generation to another and known as awiting bayan in Tagalog Proverbs – a concise statements that teach morality or tradition and usually expressed as rhyming pair of lines that depict two different elements.

111. Example: Laughter is the best medicine. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Riddles – this describes an object in a different manner or in a way that is not easily understood and maybe a question for someone to discover the meaning. Example: I am full of holes; I can hold water. What I am? Short Poems – this usually has four lines, with 5-12 syllables per line.

112. Example: My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun. Coral is far more red than her lips’ red If snow be white, why then her breast are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. Poetic jousts – this may involve marriage negotiations between two families in which every region has their own version. Example: Balagtasan – is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.

113. Spanish Colonial Tradition Metrical romance – this focuses on chivalric, folkloric, legendary and religious themes. Example : The Knight of Tale Pasyon – written in a stanza with 5 lines with 8 syllables per line which recounts the life of Jesus Christ. This is useful as a source of images, stories of Jesus Christ. Example: Kasaysayan ng Pasyon Mahal ni Hesukristong Panginoon natin Panalangin sa Mahal na Birhen .

114. Forms of Contemporary Prose in the Philippines: Folk Narrative - any story based on real or fictional events in the past told among the people in a community. Example: King Arthur & Hansel & Gretel Myth – this is a story that explains the origin of the world and its first inhabitants. Example : Si Malakas at Maganda.

115. Legend – heroic and historical legend tackles episodes in the lives of great men and women. Example: Legend of the Mango Folktales – these are classified into animal tales or fables, magic tales, humorous tales, novelistic tales, religious and didactic tales. Example : The carabao & the shell The boy who became a stone Essay – this explains the insights or information using description, narration and humor.

116. Novel – this defined as the lengthy and complex narrative of events based on the author’s imagination. Short Story – this is a concise secular narrative with romantic, realistic and radical tradition. Komiks – this a special form of contemporary literature which involves drawing frames showing a set of characters with their actions and usually contains a balloons enclosed with words or dialogue.

117. MUSIC Music – is a arrangement of sounds to create a continuous and unified compositions. Elements of Music Melody – this is succession of consecutive notes or tones changing in pitch and duration.

118. Rhythm – it has three qualities: tempo which describes how fast or slow is the music; meter which refers to the unit of time that is made up of beats or pulses; and rhythmic pattern. Harmony – this is a combination of different tones or pitches played sung together at the same time. Texture – this is the relationship of melodic and harmonic lines in music. Dynamics – this is the degree of softness and loudness of music.

119. Timbre – also known as tone color which is the quality of sound generated by the instrument or voice. Form – this refers to how elements of music are organized. Forms and Types of Philippine Music: Ethnic Traditional Music Ballad – a song that explains an event occurring in a community. Example: Katty Perry ( Thinking of You )

120. Chant – a song with an unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm. Song Debate – a song involving male and female singers who try to outsmart each other about a certain topic. European influence Religious and Secular Music Art Song – composition characterized by merging the voice part, lyrics and the accompaniment together to achieve an artistic musical whole. Example: Mutya ng Pasig

121. Habanera/Danza – this is a social dance in duple time. Liturgical Music – this is a vocal and instrumental compositions that go together with the official rites of Christian churches. Kumintang – this is a dance of love accompanied by a guitar and a string bass and documented as a war song. Pasyon chant – refers to the various styles used throughout the country for the singing of the pasyon .

122. American inspired music Classical music – this music includes classical music from the western world; and classical and modern music composed by Filipinos. Semi-classical music – these includes band and rondalla music, hymns and marches, sarswela music and stylized folk songs. Popular music – this includes original music composed by Filipinos which utilizes Western and local music influences.

123. Dance Dance – it is an involving a series rhythmic human movements that are purposely selected and involves a mindful effort to combine movements together. Elements of Dance: Body element – this is how the body of the dancer moves, what part of the body moves, what actions are performed and how the body support itself.

124. Space – this focuses on the area where the dance is performed. Time – this is the accent, beat, duration, meter, rhythm and acceleration. Energy – this is referred to as dynamics. This element describes how energy is directed through the body and how the body releases it. Relationship – this is how the person related to the stage and to production elements.

125. Theather - it is an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an audience. Philippine theater is described as a wide range of mimetic performances that were created and presented during occasions. Elements of theater: Performers – these are the persons who are on stage and portray their characters for the audience.

126. Audience – they serves as the witness of the performance and energy given by the performers. Director – serves as an overseer to the entire production and ensures that the performers do their job well and the design works well. Performance space – this refer to the space in which the actors can perform and space for the audience to stand. Design – this is essential in placing the overall feel of the production which includes lighting, set, costumes and sound. Text – this is the script to represented in a play or production.

127. Forms and types of Philippine theater: Dulang pahiyang – theater is not viewed as a separate activity but as part of life. Dulambayan – also known as people’s theater and considered “theater in the context of social movements.” Teatrong Pansimbahan – this is concerned with spirituality and usually performed depending on the events in the church calendar

128. Film - this refers to sequence of moving pictures shown on television or in cinema. Film making became an industry in the Philippine during the 1950’s. Elements of Film: Time – this is considered as the most significant element of cinema.

129. Techniques of cinema Cutting or editing – involves one shot with another, making sure that these two shot are connected. Camera movement – this is done in order to have a smoother change of view. Framing – this helps bringing balance to the film as it is being viewed.

130. Forms and types of Films: Aksyon (Action) – this uses conflict as emphasis based on real-life stories or actual experiences of persons and based from the tradition of metrical romance or literary komedya . Animation – a film that involves creating illustrations or inanimate images and bringing them to life. Bomba – a film that depicts nudity and sex but is different from C-rated pornography.

131. Dokyu (Documentary) – this is a motion picture that narrates news events or explaine other subject matter based on facts. Drama – this is a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts which draws sentiment and emotion. Experimental – this attempts to create something innovative or that is never done before with the camera. Fantasy – this depicts scenes in an imaginary world.

132. Historical – this shows actual events that occurred in the past. Horror – this is shown to bring fear to the audience. komedi (Comedy) – this is to introduce or bring laughter to the audience.