CONTINUOUS TENSES César ladiel Navarro.pptx

Contínuous tenses

1. CONTINUOUS TENSES Elaborado por: César Ladiel Navarro CI: 30.707.253 Código: 46 Ingeniería de Mantenimiento Mecánica Fecha : 03 de Marzo de 2025 Instituto Universitario Politécnico “Santiago Mariño ” Extensión Porlamar

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS Also called the present progressive, is a verb tense used to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking, or actions that are in progress in a time period close to the present. CHARACTERISTICS Structure: The present continuous is formed with the auxiliary verb "to be" in the present tense (am, is, are) followed by the main verb in the gerund (- ing ). SUBJECT + TO BE+ VERB IN GERUND (ING). Example : I am eating. She is reading. They are playing. Gerund: The main characteristic of the present continuous is the use of the gerund ( ing ). State verbs : Generally, verbs that describe states ("know", "want", "believe") are not used in the present continuous, but in the present simple.

3. Interrogative form "To be" (am/is/are) + subject + ing -verb + ? Examples: Am I studying? Is she working? Are they playing? ( USES Affirmative form Subject + "to be" (am/is/are) + ing -verb Examples: I am studying. She is working. They are playing. Negative form Subject + "to be" (am/is/are) + "not" + ing -verb Examples: I am not studying. She is not working. They are not playing. Actions at the time of speaking : Used to describe actions that are happening right now. Example: "The dog is barking." Time actions : Used for actions that are in progress during a period of time close to the present, although not necessarily at the exact moment of speaking. Example: "I am learning French." Future plans : In some cases, it can be used to talk about plans or appointments scheduled for the near future. Example: "We are leaving tomorrow." Changes or trends : Can be used to describe situations that indicate evolution or change. Example: "The climate is changing."

4. RULES FOR FORMING THE GERUND General rule For most verbs, you simply add "- ing ". "walk" → "walking", "eat" → "eating". Verbs ending in "-e" Remove the final "-e" and add "- ing ". "write" → "writing", "dance" → "dancing". Verbs ending in "- ie " Change "- ie " to "-y" and add "- ing “. "lie" → "lying", "die" → "dying". One-syllable verbs with a consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) structure Double the final consonant and add "- ing “. "run" → "running", "swim" → "swimming". Verbs ending in "-c": "k" is added and then ing . " mimic" -> "mimicking", "panic" -> "panicking".

5. USES OF THE GERUND It is formed by adding "- ing " to the base form of the verb, and has several uses. Here are the main ones: 1. As a noun: The gerund can function as the subject or object of a sentence, acting as a noun. Example: "Swimming is good exercise." Example: "I enjoy reading." 2. After certain prepositions : The gerund is used after prepositions such as "in", "on", "at", "after", "before", "by", "for", "with", "without", etc. Example: "She is good at painting .” "After eating, we went for a walk." 3. After certain verbs: Some verbs require the following verb to be in the gerund. These common verbs include: enjoy, finish, avoid, consider, suggest, keep, mind, practice, admit, deny. Example: "I avoid eating junk food." "He admitted cheating." 4. To express actions in progress: The gerund is used in progressive verb tenses (present continuous, past continuous, future continuous) to indicate that an action is in progress. Example: "I am working right now." Example: "They were playing soccer when it started to rain."

6. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS THE PRESENT SIMPLE Is something that is happening right now Is something that happen in present or habit Doesn’t use auxiliars . We use the verb to be , as a helping verb . Use ausiliars (do/ does )

7. USE OF ADVERBS OF PROGRESSIVE OR CONTINUOUS TIME Adverbs of time are words that tell us when an action occurs. When used with the present progressive, these adverbs help emphasize that the action is ongoing at the present time or during a limited period of time. Here are some common adverbs of time used with the present progressive, along with examples: Adverbs indicating the current time: Now : " I am working now." Right now : "She is eating right now." At the moment : "They are studying at the moment." Currently : " He is currently living in London." Nowadays : " People are using their phones more nowadays." Adverbs indicating a limited period of time : Today: "We are visiting my grandmother today." This week/month/year : "I am taking a course this week." "They are working on a new project this month .“ These days : "I am reading a lot of books these days .“

8. Thoughts and opinions : (e.g., believe, know, think, understand) Emotions and feelings: (e.g., love, hate, like, prefer) Senses and perceptions: (e.g., see, hear, smell, taste) Possession and measurements: (e.g., have, own, weigh, measure) Here's a breakdown of key aspects: Key Characteristics: Stative verbs describe a condition or state of being, not an ongoing action. They are generally not used in continuous tenses (e.g., "- ing " forms). So, you'd say "I know," not "I am knowing." Why this matters: It affects how you form your sentences. Using a continuous tense with a stative verb often sounds incorrect. Examples : "I understand the problem." (Not "I am understanding...") "She loves chocolate." (Not "She is loving...") "They have a car." (Not "They are having...") S tative verbs are verbs that describe a state rather than an action. This means they express things like: STATIVE VERBS

9. The past continuous is used to express actions that were occurring at a certain point in the past, or that extended over a period of time in the past. That is, it puts emphasis on the development or duration of the action in the past. THE PAST CONTINUOUS CHARACTERISTICS Actions in progress: Their main function is to indicate that an action was in progress at a specific time in the past. Example: "She was reading a book when the phone rang .“ Interruption of actions : Often used to show that an ongoing action was interrupted by another action. Example: "I was watching TV when you arrived .“ Simultaneous actions: It can also describe two or more actions that were happening at the same time in the past. Example: "While I was studying, my sister was listening to music .“ Setting context: Used to establish the setting or context of a story or situation in the past. Example: "The sun was shining, and the birds were singing . Grammatical structure: It is formed with the auxiliary verb "to be" in the past tense (was/were) and the main verb in the gerund (- ing ). " Was" is used with the pronouns I, he, she, it. " Were " is used with the pronouns you, we, they.

10. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS CHARACTERISTIC PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS Approach Actions completed in the past. Actions in progress at a specific time in the past Duration The duration is not specified; the focus is on the fact that the action occurred. The duration and development of the action are emphasized. Main use Narrate sequential events, specific actions, completed actions Describe actions in progress, interrupted actions, simultaneous actions, establish context Structure Past tense verb (regular with - ed or irregular) was / were + gerund verb (- ing ) Examples I watched TV last night. She went to the store yesterday. I was watching TV when you called They were playing soccer at 5 PM yesterday.

11. USE OF SOME PHRASAL VERBS A re combinations of a verb and one or two particles (prepositions or adverbs) that create a meaning different from that of the original verb. Here are some of the most common phrasal verbs and their uses: Look after : Meaning : To take care of someone or something . “ Example : She looks after her younger sister .“ 2. Look for : Meaning: To look for something or someone . E xample : " I'm looking for my keys ." 3. Look up: Meaning: Look up information in a dictionary, the Internet, etc . Example : "I need to look up the meaning of this word .“ 4. Take off : Meaning : To take off (a plane) or to take off (clothes ). Example : " The plane takes off at 3 PM .“ " Please take off your shoes .“ 5. Put on : Meaning: Putting on clothes, makeup, etc . Example : " She put on her coat and left .“ 6. Get up: Meaning: Getting out of bed . Example : "I get up at 7 AM every day .“ 7. Get along ( with ): Meaning: To get along well with someone. Example : "I get along well with my neighbors." 8 . Turn on/off: Meaning : To turn on/off a device. Example : "Please turn on the lights." " Don't forget to turn off the TV." 9 . Carry on: Meaning : To continue. Example : "Please, carry on with your work." 10 . Give up: Meaning : To give up or stop doing something. Example : "Don't give up on your dreams."