Contraceptive methods in males

Contraceptive methods in males
Conventional method
Coitus interruptus
Male pill
Vasectomy
Injection

1. CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS IN MALES MARYAM JAMILAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID 082013100002 IMS BANGALORE

2. INTRODUCTION The deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation by any of techniques, drugs or devices (Birth control)

3. Contraceptive methods in males Conventional method Coitus interruptus Male pill Vasectomy Injection

4. 1) Conventional method Requires at the time of coiter CONDOM (failure: 3.6 %) Made up from latex or polyurethane Prevent live sperm from meeting the secondary oocyte Easy to use Free from side-effects Provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STD)

5. 2) Coitus interruptus (failure: 6.7 %) Definition: Withdraw the penis from the vagina and away from a woman's external genitals before ejaculation to prevent pregnancy

6. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Free Slightest mistake in timing can cause pregnancy Readily available Some amount of sperms might present in pre-ejaculation liquid No side effect Withdrawal disrupts sexual pleasure Doesn’t need fitting Doesn’t need prescription *Precautions: - Properly time withdrawal -Take precautions before coiter again

7. 3) Male Pill Gossypol A chemical found in the seeds of cotton plants 15-20 mg is used daily for 12-16 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of 7.5-10 mg per day Starve the cells Low to zero sperm count

8. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Does not affect libido Hypokalemia Incomplete reversibility

9. 4) Vasectomy (failure: 0.02%) Definition: A minor surgical procedure to cut, clamp or seal the vas deferens (right & left) to prevent sperms going into the semen

10. 3 DIFFERENT WAYS IN VASECTOMY a. No-Scalpel Vasectomy; Key-Hole Vasectomy   The surgeon locates the vas deferens by sensing the scrotum. A numbing medication is given to the patient. The surgeon makes a tiny hole in the scrotum using a sharp hemostat instead of a scalpel. The surgeon may pull the vas deferens through the small hole to tie it or cut it. Stitches are not required, and the incision heals quickly.

11. b. Open-Ended Vasectomy   The patient’s scrotum is shaved and cleaned. A numbing medication is given into the area. A small surgical cut is made in the upper part of the scrotum. The vas deferens is tied and cut. The testicular end of the vas deferens is not sealed. This allows sperm to stream continuously into the scrotum.

12. The incision is closed using stitches or skin glue. Open-ended vasectomy may prevent pressure in the epididymis and testicular pain caused by back pressure.

13. c. Vas-Clip Vasectomy   The patient’s scrotum is shaved and cleaned. A numbing medication is given into the area. A small surgical cut is made in the upper part of the scrotum. The vas deferens is squeezed shut with a clip to stop the flow of sperm. The incision is closed using stitches or skin glue.

14. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Safe and convenient method Reversible but success rate only 50% to rejoin the vas deferens Cheap for long term Does not protect against STD Have to wait for few months to confirm zero sperm count in semen

15. 5) Injection Reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance  ( RISUG ) Synthetic polymer styrene maleic anhydride ( SMA ) Injection into the vas deferens  Anhydride and  hydrolizes  in the presence of water in the spermatic fluid becomes a hydride and has a positive charge. This disturbs the negative charge of the sperm membrane on contact  Membranes of the sperm to burst

16. Vasalgel Injecting the non-hormonal polymer into the vas deferens Polymer hyrogel that blocks sperm from coming out of the body Reversible Another injection of a different substance to flush out the polymer. Less invasive than a vasectomy

17. REFERENCES AK JAIN,MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY TEXTBOOK, 3 rd EDITION GANONG 23 rd EDITION HIRALAL KONAR, DC DUTTA’S TEXTBOOK OF OBSTETRICS http://kidshealth.org/teen/expert/birth_control/effective_condoms.html http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/withdrawal-method/basics/what-you-can-expect/prc-20020661 http://www.newmalecontraception.org/risug/ http://malecontraceptives.org/methods/risug.php http://www.parsemusfoundation.org/vasalgel-home / http:// malecontraceptives.org/methods/gossypol.php