Contributions of Mathematicians by Geetika

Contributions of different mathematicians in the field of mathematics including Alan Turing (Father of Computer Science and Artificial intelligence): English Mathematician , Srinivasa Ramanujan (We celebrate National Mathematics Day on his birthday): Indian Mathematician, Dr. Neena Gupta (Youngest Scientist To Solve A 70 Year Old Mathematics Problem): Indian Mathematician, Aryabhata (Father of Mathematics in India): Indian Mathematician.

1. CONTRIBUTION OF               MATHEMATICIANS Presented by:- Geetika B.Ed. Gen Sem 1 Manav Rachna University

2. Alan Turing 23 June 1912 - 7 June 1954 (aged 41) English Mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. He independently proved the  central limit theorem , an important result in probability theory. Turing's main contribution to mathematics was his work on computation theory. Presaging the invention of the modern computer , Turing designed an abstract computing device known as the  Turing machine (or a-machine)  in 1936— an entirely virtual construct which could perform calculations and follow instructions.  During the second world war, Alan  Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre that produced Ultra intelligence. For a time he led Hut 8, the section that was responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Here, he devised a number of techniques for speeding the breaking of German ciphers . He generated a machine that he called "bombe" which was nicknamed "Victory" to decipher an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. FATHER OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

3. Srinivasa Ramanujan 22 Dec 1887 – 26 April 1920 Most famous for his contributions to number theory and infinite series. Ramaujan was a self-taught pure mathematician . He made substantial contributions to the analytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions and infinite series . He could afford only a small amount of paper, so he did most of his work on slate with chalk. He sent 9 pages of his work to an eminent pure mathematician at the University of Cambridge to G.H. Hardy and he knew that these had been written by either a crank or a genius. After going through his work for 2.5 hours, he was sure that it's a work of a genius. Hardy-Ramanujan Number: When Ramanujan was sick, Hardy went in a taxi cab numbered 1729 to see him and that number seemed rather dull to him. Ramanujan, on the other hand, said that it's a very interesting number. It is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in 2 different ways: 1729 = 1 3 + 12 3 = 9 3 + 10 3 (Also called Taxi-cab number) Every year, National Mathematics Day is celebrated on the birth anniversary of Ramanujan . This tradition started on his 125 th birth anniversary.

4. Dr. Neena Gupta Born in 1984 Youngest Scientist To Solve A 70 Year Old Mathematics Problem Dr. Neena Gupta has become the youngest person to ever receive the prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize  (in 2019) at the age of 35 for solving the 70 year old mathematics problem called the  Zariski Cancellation Conjecture .  She is not only the youngest person, but also the third woman to ever receive this honour. It includes a cash prize of Rs 5 lakh  and an endowment of ₹15,000 per month until the age of 65. She has bagged the Indian National Science Academy award (INSA) Young Scientist Award (2014) for her solution being one of the best so far.  She is also the recipient of the Ramanujan Prize (2014) , and the Saraswathi Cowsik Medal (2013) by Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Alumni Association. She is working as an  associate professor at the Statistics and Mathematics Unit of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) , Kolkata. Her primary fields of interest are commutative algebra and affine algebraic geometry .

5. Aryabhata 476 CE - 550 CE First of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classic age of Indian mathematics & Indian astronomy. FATHER OF MATHEMATICS IN INDIA Aryabhata gave the world the digit " " ( zero ) for which he became immortal. Aryabhata worked on the approximation for pi (π) . He gave the value of pi as 3.1416 which is accurate upto 3 decimals. It is speculated that Aryabhata used the word  āsanna  (approaching), to mean that not only is this an approximation but that the value is incommensurable (or irrational). In Ganitapada 6, Aryabhata gives the area of a triangle as: tribhujasya phalaśarīraṃ samadalakoṭī bhujārdhasaṃvargaḥ that translates to: "for a triangle, the result of a perpendicular with the half-side is the area." In  Aryabhatiya , Aryabhata provided elegant results for the summation of series of squares and cubes : and  

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