Convocatoria del Examen 2025 - Beca 18.pdf

Examen de la beca 18 convocatoria 2025

2. ,1',&$&,21(6
3$87$63$5$&203/(7$5786'$7263(5621$/(6
(Q,1)250$&,Ï1'(/32678/$17(HVFULEHWXVDSHOOLGRV\QRPEUHVFRQ/(75$0$<Ò6&8/$
,035(17$<6,17,/'(6
,1)250$&,Ï1'(/32678/$17(
$3(//,'23$7(512
$3(//,'20$7(512
120%5(6
(VFULEHHOQ~PHURGHWX'1,FRORFDQGRXQGLJLWR
HQFDGDFDVLOOHURHQEODQFR
'HEDMRGHFDGDGLJLWRUHOOHQDHOFLUFXOR
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH

3$87$63$5$0$5&$57865(638(67$6
0DUFD72'$6WXVUHVSXHVWDVHQOD),&+$'(5(638(67$61RVHWRPDUiQHQFXHQWDODVTXHVHDQ
PDUFDGDVHQHOFXDGHUQLOOR
0DUFDVRORXQDDOWHUQDWLYDGHUHVSXHVWDSRUSUHJXQWD
5HOOHQDHOFLUFXORFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD
5HFXHUGDTXHHVWXUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHOOOHQDGRFRUUHFWR
GHORVFLUFXORV/DVPDUFDVSDUFLDOHVRWHQXHVERUURQHV
RHQPHQGDGXUDVSRGUtDQDIHFWDUODOHFWXUDGHWX),&+$
'(5(638(67$6












0DUFDFRUUHFWD
0DUFDVLQFRUUHFWDV
,03257$17(6HDQXODUiHOH[DPHQDOSRVWXODQWHTXH









1RSHUPLWLUVXLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ
6HUVXSODQWDGRSRURWUDSHUVRQDRVXSODQWDUDXQSRVWXODQWH$372DOPRPHQWRGHOUHJLVWURGHODDVLVWHQFLD
*HQHUDUGLVWXUELRVGHQWURGHOORFDOGHHYDOXDFLyQ
&RPHWHSODJLRRLQWHQWDFRPHWHUOR
6XVWUDHUHOH[DPHQRXQDSDUWHGHpOGHPDQHUDItVLFDRYLUWXDO
(QFRQWUDUVHHQDSDUHQWHHVWDGRGHHEULHGDGREDMRORVHIHFWRVGHHVWXSHIDFLHQWHV
'LIXQGLUHOFRQWHQLGRSDUFLDORWRWDOGHOH[DPHQGHPDQHUDItVLFDRYLUWXDO
&RPHWHUGLVWXUELRVHQHODXODGHDSOLFDFLyQ
£(VSHUDODLQGLFDFLyQGHO$3/,&$'25SDUDFRPHQ]DUHOH[DPHQ

3. &203(7(1&,$60$7(0È7,&$6
35(*817$

(QXQDHPSUHVDVHIDEULFDQSHUQRVORVFXDOHVVHFRORFDQHQEROVDV(QFDGDEROVDVHFRORFD

[SHUQRV$GHPiVHVWDVEROVDVVHFRORFDQHQSDTXHWHVGH[EROVDV3DUDUHDOL]DUXQ

HQYtRD$UHTXLSDVHSUHSDUDQFDMDVTXHFRQWLHQHQ[SDTXHWHV¢&XiQWRVSHUQRVVH
HQYLDUiQD$UHTXLSD"

D[SHUQRV

E[SHUQRV

F[SHUQRV

G[SHUQRV
35(*817$
0DUtDSUHVWy6DVXDPLJR-XDQSDUDLQYHUWLUHQXQQHJRFLRFRQXQDWDVDGHLQWHUpVVLPSOH
GHODQXDO\XQSOD]RGHPHVHV¢&XiOHVHOPRQWRTXHGHYROYHUi-XDQD0DUtDDOWpUPLQR
GHOSOD]RHVWDEOHFLGRSDUDVXSUpVWDPR"
D6
E6
F6
G6
35(*817$
6DQGUDHVELyORJD\VHGHGLFDDHVWXGLDUHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHORViUEROHV6HJ~QVXLQYHVWLJDFLyQVL
XQiUEROFUHFHPHQRVGHFPHQXQDxRUHTXLHUHIHUWLOL]DFLyQ+DFHXQDxRXQRGHORViUEROHV
PHGtDPHWURVGHVGHHQWRQFHVHOiUEROKDFUHFLGRFPUHVSHFWRDODxRDQWHULRU¢4XpHVOR
TXHUHSRUWDUi6DQGUDVREUHHVWHiUERO"
D(OiUEROQRUHTXLHUHIHUWLOL]DFLyQSRUTXHDKRUDPLGHP
E(OiUEROUHTXLHUHIHUWLOL]DFLyQSRUTXHPLGHPHQRVGHP
F(OiUEROQRUHTXLHUHIHUWLOL]DFLyQSRUTXHKDFUHFLGRFP
G(OiUEROUHTXLHUHIHUWLOL]DFLyQSRUTXHDKRUDPLGHPiVGHP
35(*817$
6HVDEHTXHDOJXQDVUDtFHVFXDGUDGDVWLHQHQLQ¿QLWDVFLIUDVGHFLPDOHVSRUHMHPSOR
¢&XiOHVHOYDORUDSUR[LPDGRDODVFHQWpVLPDVGH"
D
E
F
G

4. 35(*817$

/DPDVDGHOiWRPRGH+LHUURHV[.J¢&XiOHVODPDVDGHHVWHiWRPRH[SUHVDGD
HQQRWDFLyQFLHQWt¿FD"

D[NJ

E[NJ

F[NJ

G[NJ
35(*817$
3DUDORVLQYLWDGRVGHXQD¿HVWDVHVLUYLHURQDJXD\OLPRQDGDHQYDVRV
6HJ~QHVWDVLWXDFLyQ¢FXiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVD¿UPDFLRQHVHVFRUUHFWD"
D/DFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHDJXDHVGHODFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHOLPRQDGD
E/DFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHDJXDHVGHODFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHOLPRQDGD
F/DFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHDJXDHVGHODFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHOLPRQDGD
G/DFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHDJXDHVGHODFDQWLGDGGHYDVRVGHOLPRQDGD

35(*817$
6HDQORVLQWHUYDORV$ >>\% @
¢&XiOHVODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOFRQMXQWR$±%8%±$"
D
E
F
G
35(*817$
6HEDVWLiQGHFLGHFRPSUDUXQWHOHYLVRUFX\RSUHFLRRULJLQDOHV6eOYLVLWDGRVWLHQGDVGH
DUWHIDFWRV\REVHUYDODVRIHUWDV
7,(1'$$GHGHVFXHQWRGHGHVFXHQWRDGLFLRQDOSRUDQLYHUVDULR
7,(1'$%GHGHVFXHQWRGHGHVFXHQWRDGLFLRQDOSDJDQGRFRQWDUMHWD
¢(QTXpWLHQGDOHUHVXOWDPiVFRQYHQLHQWHFRPSUDUVXWHOHYLVRU"¢3RUTXp"
D(QODWLHQGD$SRUTXHSUHVHQWDGHVFXHQWRVVXFHVLYRVGH\
E(QODWLHQGD%SRUTXHHOGHVFXHQWRWRWDOHVGH
F(QODWLHQGD$SRUTXHHOSUHFLRHVPHQRUTXHHQODWLHQGD%
G(QODWLHQGD%SRUTXHHOSUHFLRHVPHQRUTXHHQODWLHQGD$

5. 35(*817$
3HUF\DWLHQGHHQHOFDIHWtQGHXQFROHJLRSDUDKR\pOKDSUHSDUDGRSODWRVGHDUUR]FRQSROOR
(QODVLJXLHQWHWDEODVHPXHVWUDODFDQWLGDGGHSODWRV\SUHFLRTXHVHSDJDSRUHOORV
¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVH[SUHVLRQHVUHSUHVHQWDODUHODFLyQHQWUHODFDQWLGDGGHSODWRV\ORV
SUHFLRVHQVROHV"
D\ [
E\ [
F\ [
G[ \
35(*817$
/RVKHUPDQRV-RDTXtQ\3HGURYHQGHQFKRFRODWHVGHGLIHUHQWHVWDPDxRVHQODIHULDGHOSXHEOR
-RDTXtQYHQGHVXVFKRFRODWHVD6\3HGURORVYHQGHD6&LHUWRGtDHOORVREWXYLHURQ6
SRUODYHQWDGHWRGRVORVFKRFRODWHV
6LHVHGtD-RDTXtQYHQGLyFKRFRODWHVPiVGHORVTXHYHQGLy3HGUR¢FXiQWRREWXYR3HGUR
SRUODYHQWDGHWRGRVVXVFKRFRODWHV"
D6
E6
F6
G6
35(*817$
&DUORVYHQGHFDVDFDVHQXQDWLHQGDGHURSDHQ/LPDeOFRPSUDODVFDVDFDVDXQPD\RULVWDGH
3XQRDOSUHFLRGH6FDGDXQD(VWHPD\RULVWDOHHQYtDODVFDVDFDVSRUHQFRPLHQGDKDFLD
/LPDSRUXQSUHFLRGHVROHV
6DELHQGRTXH³[´UHSUHVHQWDHOQ~PHURGHFDVDFDVH³\´HOPRQWRWRWDODSDJDUSRUODFRPSUD
¢FXiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVH[SUHVLRQHVUHSUHVHQWDODUHODFLyQFRUUHFWDHQWUH³[´HQ³\´"
D\ [
E\ [
F\ [
G\ [

6. 35(*817$
0DWtDVHVXQIXWEROLVWDHQXQSDUWLGRSDWHDODSHORWDGHVGHHOVXHOR\KDFLDDUULED/DSHORWD
GHVFULEHXQDWUD\HFWRULDSDUDEyOLFD\VHWRPDHQFXHQWDKDVWDTXHFDHODSHORWDDOFDPSRGH
MXHJR/DVLJXLHQWHJUi¿FDUHSUHVHQWDODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOWLHPSRHQVHJXQGRV\ODDOWXUDHQ
PHWURV
6HJ~QODJUi¿FD¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVD¿UPDFLRQHVHVFRUUHFWD"
D/DDOWXUDPi[LPDTXHDOFDQ]DODSHORWDSRUHOODQ]DPLHQWRGH0DWtDVHVP
E/DSHORWDDOFDQ]DGRVYHFHVODDOWXUDGHP
F(OWLHPSRTXHGHPRUDODSHORWDHQOOHJDUDOVXHORHVV
G/DSHORWDDOFDQ]DXQDYH]ODDOWXUDGHP
35(*817$
(QODVLJXLHQWHHFXDFLyQ
¢&XiOGHORVVLJXLHQWHVFRQMXQWRVLQFOX\HDODVVROXFLRQHVGHODHFXDFLyQ"
D^`
E^`
F^`
G^`

7. 35(*817$
(QODVLJXLHQWHVXFHVLyQ«
¢&XiOHVODVXPDGHORVSULPHURVWpUPLQRVGHODVXFHVLyQ"
D
E
F
G
35(*817$
0DUJDULWDHVFRPHUFLDQWH\UHFLEHXQSDJRGH6DOFRQWDUHOGLQHURREVHUYDTXHOHKDQ
SDJDGRVRORFRQELOOHWHVGH6\GH6$GHPiVODFDQWLGDGGHELOOHWHVGH6H[FHGHHQ
DODFDQWLGDGGHELOOHWHVGH6
6L³[´UHSUHVHQWDODFDQWLGDGGHELOOHWHVGH6H³\´UHSUHVHQWDODFDQWLGDGGHELOOHWHVGH6
ODVLWXDFLyQDQWHULRUVHUHSUHVHQWDPHGLDQWHHOVLJXLHQWHVLVWHPDGHHFXDFLRQHV
¢&XiQWRVELOOHWHVHQWRWDOWLHQH0DUJDULWD"
D
E
F
G
35(*817$
(QODVLJXLHQWHLQHFXDFLyQ[
¢&XiOHVHOFRQMXQWRVROXFLyQGHHVWDLQHFXDFLyQ"
D[
E[!
F[
G[!
35(*817$
6R¿DUHDOL]yXQH[SHULPHQWRFRQEDFWHULDV(OODUHJLVWUyORVGDWRVGHVXH[SHULPHQWR\
FRQWDELOL]yEDFWHULDVDOLQLFLR$GHPiVGXUDQWHHOH[SHULPHQWRREVHUYyTXHODV
EDFWHULDVVHUHSURGXFtDQVHJ~QODIXQFLyQ
³[´UHSUHVHQWDHOWLHPSRHQSHULRGRVGHWUHVKRUDV
/XHJRGHKRUDV6R¿DD¿UPDTXHODFDQWLGDGGHEDFWHULDVHV[
¢(VYHUGDGHURRIDOVRORD¿UPDGRSRU6RItD"¢3RUTXp"
D(VIDOVRSRUTXHGLFKDFDQWLGDGGHEHVHUYHFHVODFDQWLGDGGHEDFWHULDVTXHKDEtDDO
LQLFLR
E(VYHUGDGSRUTXHFDGDWUHVKRUDVODFDQWLGDGGHEDFWHULDVVHLQFUHPHQWyHQ

[
[

8. F(VIDOVRSRUTXHODFDQWLGDGGHEDFWHULDVVHPXOWLSOLFDYHFHVGHVSXpVGHKRUDV
G(VYHUGDGSRUTXHFDGDWUHVKRUDVODFDQWLGDGGHEDFWHULDVVHGXSOLFD\JHQHUDYHFHV
ODFDQWLGDGLQLFLDO
35(*817$
*UHFLDHVODGXHxDGHXQDWLHQGDGHSURGXFWRVFRVPpWLFRV\KDFHXQHVWXGLRGHPHUFDGRVREUH
ODSUR\HFFLyQGHYHQWDVGHXQDFUHPD/DJUi¿FDPXHVWUDODIXQFLyQTXHUHODFLRQDGHOD
FDQWLGDGGHFUHPDVYHQGLGDVDOWUDQVFXUULUODVVHPDQDV
¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVD¿UPDFLRQHV12HVYiOLGDVHJ~QODLQIRUPDFLyQSUHVHQWDGD"
D/DIXQFLyQHVFUHFLHQWHSRUTXHDPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHVHPDQDVPD\RUHVODFDQWLGDG
GHSURGXFWRVYHQGLGRV
E6HJ~QHOHVWXGLRGHPHUFDGRVHDOFDQ]DFRPRPi[LPRYROXPHQGHYHQWDV
FUHPDVHQHOWLHPSRFRQVLGHUDGR
F(QODVpSWLPDVHPDQDVHDOFDQ]yXQDFDQWLGDGGHFUHPDVYHQGLGDVGDGRTXHD
SDUWLUGHHVWDVHPDQDVHFXPSOHTXH
G(OQ~PHURGHVHPDQDV\ODFDQWLGDGGHFUHPDVVRQQ~PHURVHQWHURV\H[SUHVDQ
FDQWLGDGHVH[DFWDV
35(*817$
0DWHRYLYHHQXQD]RQDGRQGHOOHJDHOVHUYLFLRGHDJXDSRWDEOHSRUKRUDVpOFXHQWDFRQXQ
WDQTXHFLOtQGULFRHQVXFDVDSDUDDOPDFHQDUDJXD+R\ORJUyOOHQDUHOWDQTXHKDVWDODPLWDGGH
VXFDSDFLGDG\OXHJRVHFRUWyHOVHUYLFLR
0DWHRQHFHVLWDODVôSDUWHVGHODFDSDFLGDGGHOWDQTXHGHDJXDSDUDDEDVWHFHUDVXFDVD
KDVWDTXHYXHOYDHOVHUYLFLRGHDJXD

9. ¢4XpGHEHKDFHU0DWHRSDUDVDEHUODFDQWLGDGGHDJXDTXHOHIDOWDSDUDDEDVWHFHUDVXFDVD"
D&DOFXODUHOYROXPHQGHDJXDFRQVLGHUDQGRTXHODDOWXUDTXHDOFDQ]DHVGHP
E&DOFXODUODDOWXUDTXHGHELyDOFDQ]DUHODJXDTXHQHFHVLWD
F&DOFXODUHOYROXPHQGHDJXDFRQVLGHUDQGRXQDDOWXUDGHP
G&DOFXODUHOYROXPHQGHOWDQTXH\UHVWDUHOYROXPHQGHDJXDTXHORJUyUHFROHFWDU
35(*817$
,VDEHOODGHVHDFRQVWUXLUXQYLYHUR6HWUDWDGHXQDHVWUXFWXUDFRPSXHVWDSRUXQFXER\XQD
SLUiPLGHGHEDVHFXDGUDGD(VWDHVWUXFWXUDHVWiIRUPDGDSRUWXERVGH¿HUURJUXHVRHQFDGD
DULVWD\DOJXQDVGLDJRQDOHVGHODVFDUDVGHOFXERSDUDOXHJRVHUUHYHVWLGDGHPDOOD
6LODDOWXUDGHOFXERPLGHP\ODVDULVWDVGHODVFDUDVODWHUDOHVGHODSLUiPLGHPLGHQP
¢&XiQWRVPHWURVGHWXERGH¿HUURVHQHFHVLWDQSDUDIRUPDUODHVWUXFWXUD"

10. 35(*817$
(QXQPDSDVHHQFXHQWUDQXELFDGRVWUHVFDVHUtRVIRUPDQGRXQWULiQJXOR6HGHVHDFRQVWUXLU
XQDSRVWDPpGLFDDLJXDOGLVWDQFLDGHFDGDFDVHUtR
&RQVLGHUDQGRORVSXQWRVQRWDEOHVGHOWULiQJXORTXHVHIRUPDFRQHVWRVWUHVFDVHUtRV¢HQFXiO
GHHVWRVSXQWRVVHGHEHFRQVWUXLUODSRVWDPpGLFD"
D(QHOLQFHQWUR
E(QHOFLUFXQFHQWUR
F(QHOEDULFHQWUR
G(QHORUWRFHQWUR
35(*817$
(OMDUGtQGHXQDKXHUWDWLHQHIRUPDGHURPER\VHVXEGLYLGHHQUHJLRQHVPiVSHTXHxDV
PHGLDQWHODFRORFDFLyQGHGRVFHUFDVFDGDXQDGHHOODVXQLHQGRORVYpUWLFHVRSXHVWRVGHO
URPERFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODVLJXLHQWH¿JXUD

6LHOiUHDGHXQDGHODVUHJLRQHVPiVSHTXHxDVTXHUHVXOWDQHVP¢FXiOHVHOiUHDWRWDO
GHOMDUGtQGHHVWDKXHUWD"

DP

EP

FP

GP
35(*817$
8QDWRUWDFLUFXODUWLHQHGLVWULEXLGDVIUHVDVHQWRGRVXSHUtPHWURGHPDQHUDTXHODGLVWDQFLD
HQWUHGRVIUHVDVFRQVHFXWLYDVHVVLHPSUHODPLVPD/DPD\RUGLVWDQFLDTXHSXHGHKDEHUHQWUH
GRVIUHVDVFXDOHVTXLHUDHVFP
6LVHGHVHDFRORFDUODWRUWDHQXQDFDMDGHEDVHFXDGUDGDGHPDQHUDTXHODWRUWDHQWUH
H[DFWDPHQWH¢FXiOHVHOSHUtPHWURTXHGHEHWHQHUODEDVHGHHVWDFDMD"
DFP
EFP
FFP
GFP

11. 35(*817$

¢&XiOHVODGLVWDQFLD³K´TXHUHFRUULyHOFRKHWHHQWUHORVGRVPRPHQWRVREVHUYDGRV"
DNP
ENP
FNP
GNP
35(*817$
(OKH[iJRQRUHJXODU$%&'()FRQFHQWUR2UHSUHVHQWDODIRUPDGHXQDSOD]DTXHHVXVDGD
SDUDMXJDUSRUWUHVQLxRV3HGUR/XLV\0D[(OORVHVWiQMXJDQGRDUHFRUUHUGLVWDQFLDVSRU
GLYHUVRVFDPLQRV\JDQDUiDTXHOTXHUHFRUUDXQDPD\RUGLVWDQFLD
2EVHUYD
3HGURUHFRUUHHOFDPLQR$%2'/XLVUHFRUUHHOFDPLQR$%('\0D[UHFRUUHHOFDPLQR$%2&'
¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVD¿UPDFLRQHVHVFRUUHFWD"
D0D[UHFRUUHPiVGLVWDQFLDTXH/XLV
E3HGURUHFRUUHLJXDOGLVWDQFLDTXH/XLV

12. F0D[UHFRUUHPHQRVGLVWDQFLDTXH3HGUR
G/XLVUHFRUUHLJXDOGLVWDQFLDTXH0D[
35(*817$
8QDPDHVWUDUHDOL]DXQDDFWLYLGDGSDUDUHFRUGDUODVSURSLHGDGHVGHORVQ~PHURVSULPRV\
SUREDELOLGDGHV(OODKDWUDtGRXQDEROVDTXHFRQWLHQHWDUMHWDV&DGDXQDGHHVWDVWDUMHWDVWLHQH
HVFULWRVRORXQRGHORVVLJXLHQWHVQ~PHURVSULPRV
/DPDHVWUDOHSLGHD5XWKTXHH[WUDLJDDOD]DUXQDWDUMHWDGHODEROVD
6HJ~QHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ¢FXiOHVODSUREDELOLGDGTXH5XWKH[WUDLJDXQDWDUMHWDTXHFRQWHQJDXQ
Q~PHURSULPR"
35(*817$
'DGRVORVVLJXLHQWHVGDWRV
¢&XiOHVODWDEODGHIUHFXHQFLDVTXHUHSUHVHQWDDGHFXDGDPHQWHDOJUXSRGHGDWRV"

13. 35(*817$
$UDFHO\WLHQHWUHVIUDVFRVFRQFDUDPHORVTXHVRORVHGLVWLQJXHQSRUHOFRORU
)UDVFRURMRVYHUGH\EODQFRV
)UDVFRURMRVYHUGHEODQFR
)UDVFRYHUGHURMRV\EODQFRV
6LVHXQHHOFRQWHQLGRGHORVWUHVIUDVFRVHQXQIUDVFRQXHYR\VHH[WUDHDOD]DUXQ
FDUDPHORGHGLFKRIUDVFR¢FXiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVD¿UPDFLRQHVHV FRUUHFWD"
D(VSRVLEOHREWHQHUXQFDUDPHORD]XO
E(VVHJXURREWHQHUXQFDUDPHOREODQFR
F(VLPSRVLEOHREWHQHUXQFDUDPHORYHUGH
G(VSRVLEOHREWHQHUXQFDUDPHORURMR
35(*817$
8QMXJDGRUWLWXODUGHXQHTXLSRGHEiVTXHWVHKDOHVLRQDGR'LODQ\-DFREVRQGRVMXJDGRUHV
GHOHTXLSRHOORVHVSHUDQHOOODPDGRGHOHQWUHQDGRUSDUDVHUWLWXODUHV/DGHFLVLyQGHOD
HOHFFLyQSRUSDUWHGHOHQWUHQDGRUVHEDVDHQHOSURPHGLRGHORVSXQWRVREWHQLGRVHQORV
~OWLPRVHQFXHQWURVGHHQWUHQDPLHQWRGHVXVMXJDGRUHV
¢4XpMXJDGRU'LODQR-DFREVHUiVHOHFFLRQDGRSDUDUHHPSOD]DUDOMXJDGRUWLWXODUOHVLRQDGR"
¢3RUTXp"
D'LODQSRUTXHREWXYRSXQWRVHQHOVHJXQGRSDUWLGR
E-DFRESRUTXHREWXYRHOPLVPRSXQWDMHHQGRVSDUWLGRV
F'LODQSRUTXHREWXYRXQSURPHGLRVXSHULRUDOGH-DFRE
G-DFRESRUTXHREWXYRHOPD\RUSURPHGLRHQORVGRV~OWLPRVSDUWLGRV
35(*817$
'LDQDHVXQDLQYHVWLJDGRUDTXHHVWXGLDHOQLYHOGHORJURDOFDQ]DGRSRUORVHVWXGLDQWHVGH
GRVVHFFLRQHVGHOFXDUWRJUDGRGHVHFXQGDULDHQHOÈUHDGH0DWHPiWLFD(OODSUHVHQWDORV
GDWRVREWHQLGRVHQXQGLDJUDPDGHEDUUDV

14. ¢4XpD¿UPDFLyQ12HVYiOLGDVHJ~QHOJUi¿FR"
D/DVXPDGHODVFDQWLGDGHVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXHDOFDQ]DURQORVQLYHOHVGHORJUR $\
$'HQDPEDVVHFFLRQHVHVODPLVPD
E/DFDQWLGDGGHHVWXGLDQWHVFRQ1LYHOGHORJUR%HVPHQRUDODFDQWLGDGGH
HVWXGLDQWHVFRQQLYHOGHORJUR$
F/DFDQWLGDGGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHODVHFFLyQ%TXHD~QQRKDDOFDQ]DGRHO1LYHOGH
ORJUR$HVPD\RUTXHODFDQWLGDGGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHODVHFFLyQ$
G/DFDQWLGDGGHHVWXGLDQWHVTXHREWXYLHURQ1LYHOHVGHORJUR $R%HVPD\RUHQOD
VHFFLyQ$

15. &203(7(1&,$/(&725$
7H[WR
/D'HVLQIRUPDFLyQHQ5HGHV6RFLDOHV¢(VSRVLEOHFRPEDWLUOD"
(QODHUDGLJLWDOODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVKDQUHYROXFLRQDGRODIRUPDHQTXHQRVFRPXQLFDPRV\
FRPSDUWLPRVLQIRUPDFLyQ6LQHPEDUJRHVWDUHYROXFLyQWDPELpQKDWUDtGRFRQVLJRXQ
IHQyPHQRDODUPDQWHODGHVLQIRUPDFLyQ/DSURSDJDFLyQGHQRWLFLDVIDOVDV\FRQWHQLGR
HQJDxRVRQRVRORGLVWRUVLRQDODUHDOLGDGVLQRTXHWDPELpQUHSUHVHQWDXQDDPHQD]DGLUHFWDDOD
GHPRFUDFLD\DOELHQHVWDUVRFLDO(VLPSHUDWLYRTXHWRPHPRVPHGLGDVSDUDDERUGDUHVWH
SUREOHPDDQWHVGHTXHFDXVHGDxRVLUUHSDUDEOHV
/RVSHUMXLFLRVTXHSXHGHQJHQHUDUODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVVRQGLYHUVRV(QSULQFLSLRHVWDVSHUPLWHQ
TXHODLQIRUPDFLyQVHGLIXQGDDXQDYHORFLGDGVLQSUHFHGHQWHV6LELHQHVWDUDSLGH]SXHGHVHU
EHQH¿FLRVDSDUDFRPSDUWLUQRWLFLDVLPSRUWDQWHVWDPELpQIDFLOLWDODSURSDJDFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQ
HUUyQHDTXHQRGDWLHPSRDORVXVXDULRVSDUDYHUL¿FDUODYHUDFLGDGGHOFRQWHQLGRDQWHVGH
FRPSDUWLUORORTXHSHUSHW~DXQFLFORGHGHVLQIRUPDFLyQ
3RURWUDSDUWHODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVWLHQHQLPSDFWRHQODRSLQLyQS~EOLFD8QHMHPSORFODURVRQODV
FDPSDxDVSROtWLFDVTXHKDQXWLOL]DGRWiFWLFDVHQJDxRVDVSDUDPDQLSXODUDORVYRWDQWHV(VWR
QRVRORVRFDYDODLQWHJULGDGGHOSURFHVRGHPRFUiWLFRVLQRTXHWDPELpQFUHDGLYLVLRQHVVRFLDOHV
\SRODUL]DFLyQ
$QWHHVWDSUREOHPiWLFDHVQHFHVDULRTXHODVHPSUHVDVGHWUiVGHODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVDVXPDQVX
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHQODOXFKDFRQWUDODGHVLQIRUPDFLyQ$SHVDUGHORVHVIXHU]RVUHFLHQWHVSDUD
HWLTXHWDUFRQWHQLGRHQJDxRVR\SURPRYHUIXHQWHVFRQ¿DEOHVHVWDVPHGLGDVVRQLQVX¿FLHQWHV
/DVSODWDIRUPDVGHEHQLPSOHPHQWDUDOJRULWPRVPiVWUDQVSDUHQWHVTXHSULRULFHQODYHUDFLGDG
VREUHHOVHQVDFLRQDOLVPR\HOFOLFIiFLO$GHPiVHVHVHQFLDOIRPHQWDUODHGXFDFLyQPHGLiWLFD
HQWUHORVXVXDULRVHQVHxiQGROHVDLGHQWL¿FDUIXHQWHVFRQ¿DEOHV\DFXHVWLRQDUODLQIRUPDFLyQ
DQWHVGHFRPSDUWLUOD
/RVXVXDULRVWDPELpQGHEHQDVXPLUXQSDSHODFWLYRHQODOXFKDFRQWUDODGHVLQIRUPDFLyQ(V
IXQGDPHQWDOGHVDUUROODUXQSHQVDPLHQWRFUtWLFR\VHUHVFpSWLFRVDQWHORTXHFRQVXPLPRVHQ
OtQHD$QWHVGHFRPSDUWLUFXDOTXLHUFRQWHQLGRGHEHPRVSUHJXQWDUQRV¢(VHVWDIXHQWH
FRQ¿DEOH"¢+D\HYLGHQFLDTXHUHVSDOGHHVWDD¿UPDFLyQ"$OKDFHUORFRQWULEXLPRVDFUHDUXQ

/DGHVLQIRUPDFLyQHQ$PpULFD
/DWLQDXQGHVDItRFRWLGLDQR

16. HQWRUQRGLJLWDOPiVVDOXGDEOH\UHVSRQVDEOH(VWiHQQRVRWURVFRPSUHQGHUTXHOD
GHVLQIRUPDFLyQHQODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVHVXQSUREOHPDJUDYHTXHUHTXLHUHDWHQFLyQLQPHGLDWD
(QVtQWHVLVHVLPSHUDWLYRTXHWDQWRODVSODWDIRUPDVFRPRORVXVXDULRVWUDEDMHQMXQWRVSDUD
FRPEDWLUHVWHIHQyPHQR6RORDVtSRGUHPRVJDUDQWL]DUXQHVSDFLRGRQGHODYHUGDGSUHYDOH]FD
VREUHHOHQJDxR\HOGLiORJRFRQVWUXFWLYRSXHGDÀRUHFHU/DOXFKDFRQWUDODGHVLQIRUPDFLyQHV
XQDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGFRPSDUWLGDHOIXWXURGHQXHVWUDVRFLHGDGGHSHQGHGHHOOR
35(*817$
¢4XpSUREOHPDVHLGHQWL¿FDFRPRXQDDPHQD]DGLUHFWDDODGHPRFUDFLD"
D/DYHORFLGDGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ
E/DHGXFDFLyQPHGLiWLFD
F/DSRODUL]DFLyQVRFLDO
G/DGHVLQIRUPDFLyQ
35(*817$
¢4XpUHODFLyQVHHVWDEOHFHHQWUHODGHVLQIRUPDFLyQ\ODPDQLSXODFLyQSROtWLFD"
D/DGHVLQIRUPDFLyQFRQIXQGHDORVYRWDQWHV\SXHGHPDQLSXODUVXVGHFLVLRQHV
E/DGHVLQIRUPDFLyQFRQGXFHDODXQLIRUPLGDGGHOSHQVDPLHQWRSROtWLFR
F/DGHVLQIRUPDFLyQQRWLHQHLPSDFWRHQODVGHFLVLRQHVGHORVYRWDQWHV
G/DGHVLQIRUPDFLyQVRORDIHFWDDORVYRWDQWHVLQGHFLVRV
35(*817$
6HJ~QODLQIRJUDItD¢TXpWLHQHQHQFRP~Q%UDVLO\(FXDGRUUHVSHFWRGHODFFHVRD
QRWLFLDVIDOVDVHQUHGHVVRFLDOHV"
D/DPD\RUtDGHVXSREODFLyQHQFXHQWUDQRWLFLDVIDOVDVDGLDULRHQODVUHGHVVRFLDOHV
E6XVPHGLGDVSDUDFRPEDWLUODGHVLQIRUPDFLyQVRQPiV¿UPHVTXHHQORVGHPiVSDtVHVGH
ODUHJLyQ
F%UDVLO\(FXDGRUFRLQFLGHQHQD¿UPDUTXHVRQORVSULPHURVSDtVHVGHODUHJLyQHQ
UHFRQRFHUTXHODVUHGHVVRFLDOHVWHUJLYHUVDQODUHDOLGDG
G7DQWR%UDVLOFRPR(FXDGRUFUHHQTXHWRGDVODVQRWLFLDVHQUHGHVVRFLDOHVVRQIDOVDV
35(*817$
9XHOYHDOHHUHVWDSDUWHGHOWH[WR³$SHVDUGHORVHVIXHU]RVUHFLHQWHVSDUDHWLTXHWDUFRQWHQLGR
HQJDxRVR\SURPRYHUIXHQWHVFRQ¿DEOHVHVWDVPHGLGDVVRQLQVX¿FLHQWHV´¢4XpRWUDSDUWH
GHOWH[WRD\XGDPiVDFRQ¿UPDUODYDOLGH]GHHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ"
D(OSiUUDIR
E(OSiUUDIR
F(OSiUUDIR
G/DLQIRJUDItD

17. 35(*817$
¢4XpSHUPLWHGHWHUPLQDUTXHORVDUJXPHQWRVHPSOHDGRVHQHOWH[WRVRQFRQ¿DEOHV"
D6HSUHVHQWDLQIRUPDFLyQEDVDGDHQVLWXDFLRQHVFRWLGLDQDV
E6HUHFRPLHQGDFyPRGHWHUPLQDUODFRQ¿DELOLGDGGHXQDIXHQWH
F6HSUHVHQWDUHVXOWDGRVGHXQDHQFXHVWDGHELGDPHQWHFLWDGD
G6HSUHVHQWDFRPRHMHPSORHOFDVRGHODVFDPSDxDVSROtWLFDV
7H[WR
¢4XpRFXUUHFXDQGRVHSURGXFHXQDOHVLyQFHUHEUDO"
/Ï%8/23$5,(7$/
/Ï%8/22&&,3,7$/
&(5(%(/2
7$//2&(5(%5$/
/Ï%8/27(0325$/
/Ï%8/2)5217$/

18. 35(*817$
¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVSDUWHVGHOFHUHEURFRQWURODHOHTXLOLEULR\ODFRRUGLQDFLyQ"
D/yEXORIURQWDO
E/yEXORRFFLSLWDO
F&HUHEHOR
G7DOORFHUHEUDO
35(*817$
6LXQDSHUVRQDVXIUHXQDOHVLyQHQHOOyEXORWHPSRUDO¢TXpFRQVHFXHQFLDSRGUtDWHQHU"
D'L¿FXOWDGSDUDFRPSUHQGHUHOOHQJXDMHKDEODGR
E3UREOHPDVSDUDYHUFRQFODULGDGREMHWRV
F'L¿FXOWDGSDUDPDQWHQHUODDWHQFLyQSRUFRUWRWLHPSR
G$OWHUDFLRQHVHQODSHUVRQDOLGDGRFRPSRUWDPLHQWR

35(*817$
¢&XiOHVHOSURSyVLWRSULQFLSDOGHODLQIRJUDItD"
D([SOLFDUORVHIHFWRVGHODVGLIHUHQWHVOHVLRQHVFHUHEUDOHV
E(QVHxDUGLVWLQWDVIRUPDVGHFXLGDUQXHVWURFHUHEURGHOHVLRQHV
F3URPRYHUDFWLYLGDGHVSDUDXQGHVDUUROORySWLPRGHQXHVWURFHUHEUR
G'HVFULELUDGHWDOOHFDGDXQDGHODVSDUWHVGHOFHUHEUR

35(*817$
&RQVLGHUDQGRODLQIRUPDFLyQGHODLQIRJUDItD¢DTXpFRQFOXVLyQVHSXHGHOOHJDUVREUHHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOFHUHEUR"
D4XHH[LVWHQSDUWHVGHOFHUHEURTXHVRQPiVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHRWUDV
E4XHODOHVLyQGHXQDSDUWHGHOFHUHEURDIHFWDGLUHFWDPHQWHDRWUDSDUWHGHHVWH
F4XHODVOHVLRQHVHQHOFHUHEURSXHGHQDIHFWDUODVUHODFLRQHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHV
G4XHODVOHVLRQHVFHUHEUDOHVVRQLUUHYHUVLEOHVXQDYH]TXHVHSURGXFHQ

35(*817$
¢3DUDTXpVHLQFOX\ySULQFLSDOPHQWHODLPDJHQGHXQFHUHEURHQODLQIRJUDItD"
D3DUDPRVWUDUODXELFDFLyQGHODVGLIHUHQWHVSDUWHVGHOFHUHEUR
E3DUDLQGLFDUHOWDPDxRGHFDGDSDUWHGHOFHUHEURKXPDQR
F3DUDLQGLFDUTXHWRGDVODVSDUWHVGHOFHUHEURVRQLJXDOGHYXOQHUDEOHV
G3DUDPRVWUDUODVOHVLRQHVTXHSXHGHVXIULUHOFHUHEUR

19. 7H[WR
/D,QVHJXULGDG&LXGDGDQDHQHO3HU~
$UWtFXOR/D,QVHJXULGDG&LXGDGDQDHQ3HU~8Q3UREOHPDGH)DOWDGH3ROtWLFD
(IHFWLYD
3RU3LHUR&XHQFD
/DLQVHJXULGDGFLXGDGDQDHQ3HU~KDDOFDQ]DGRQLYHOHVDODUPDQWHV\VHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQD
GHODVSULQFLSDOHVSUHRFXSDFLRQHVGHODSREODFLyQ/DVFLIUDVVRQHORFXHQWHVDVDOWRVURERV\
KRPLFLGLRVKDQDXPHQWDGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVDIHFWDQGRODFDOLGDGGHYLGD
GHPLOORQHVGHSHUXDQRV6LQHPEDUJRPiVDOOiGHORVQ~PHURVORTXHVHHYLGHQFLDHVXQD
SURIXQGDFULVLVHQODSROtWLFDGHVHJXULGDG
(VQHFHVDULRUHFRQRFHUTXHODLQVHJXULGDGQRVRORHVXQSUREOHPDGHFULPLQDOLGDGVLQR
WDPELpQGHIDOWDGHUHVSXHVWDHIHFWLYDSRUSDUWHGHO(VWDGR/DVHVWUDWHJLDVLPSOHPHQWDGDV
KDVWDDKRUDKDQGHPRVWUDGRVHULQVX¿FLHQWHV1RVHWUDWD~QLFDPHQWHGHDXPHQWDUHOQ~PHUR
GHSROLFtDVHQODVFDOOHVVLQRGHFUHDUXQVLVWHPDLQWHJUDOTXHFRQWHPSOHSUHYHQFLyQHGXFDFLyQ
\UHLQVHUFLyQVRFLDO
/RVHVIXHU]RVGHEHQFHQWUDUVHHQDERUGDUODVFDXVDVHVWUXFWXUDOHVGHODFULPLQDOLGDG/D
SREUH]DODIDOWDGHRSRUWXQLGDGHV\ODGHVLJXDOGDGVRQFDOGRGHFXOWLYRSDUDHOGHOLWR6LHO
(VWDGRQRDFW~DFRQSROtWLFDVLQFOXVLYDVTXHJHQHUHQHPSOHR\HGXFDFLyQVHJXLUHPRVYLHQGRD
ODGHOLQFXHQFLDFRPRXQDRSFLyQSDUDDTXHOORVTXHVHVLHQWHQH[FOXLGRVGHODVRFLHGDG
$GLFLRQDOPHQWHHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODFRPXQLGDGHVIXQGDPHQWDO6HUHTXLHUHGHXQWUDEDMR
FRQMXQWRHQWUHODVDXWRULGDGHV\ODSREODFLyQSDUDIRPHQWDUODFRQ¿DQ]DHODSR\RPXWXR\OD
SDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQD6RORDVtSRGUHPRVFRQVWUXLUXQHQWRUQRVHJXURGRQGHWRGRVVHVLHQWDQ
SURWHJLGRV
(QFRQFOXVLyQODLQVHJXULGDGFLXGDGDQDHQ3HU~QRHVXQSUREOHPDTXHVHVROXFLRQDFRQ
PHGLGDVVXSHU¿FLDOHV5HTXLHUHGHXQHQIRTXHLQWHJUDOTXHFRQWHPSOHWDQWRODVHJXULGDGItVLFD
FRPRODVRFLDO(OPRPHQWRGHDFWXDUHVDKRUD\ODVSROtWLFDVGHEHQLUPiVDOOiGHODVSURPHVDV
YDFtDV/DSREODFLyQSHUXDQDPHUHFHYLYLUVLQPLHGR
$UWtFXOR/D,QVHJXULGDG&LXGDGDQDHQ3HU~8QD$PHQD]DTXH([LJH5HVSXHVWDV
,QPHGLDWDV
3RU&HOHVWH7RUUHV
/DFUHFLHQWHLQVHJXULGDGFLXGDGDQDHQ3HU~HVXQWHPDTXHQRSRGHPRVVHJXLULJQRUDQGR/DV
HVWDGtVWLFDVVRQDODUPDQWHVFDGDGtDPLOHVGHFLXGDGDQRVVHHQIUHQWDQDOULHVJRGHVHU
YtFWLPDVGHGHOLWRVYLROHQWRV(VWHHVFHQDULRQRVREOLJDDUHSODQWHDUFyPRDERUGDPRVHVWH
IHQyPHQRSXHVODVHJXULGDGHVXQGHUHFKRIXQGDPHQWDOTXHWRGRVPHUHFHPRV

20. /DSHUFHSFLyQGHLQVHJXULGDGKDFDODGRKRQGRHQODSREODFLyQ/DVFDOOHVTXHDOJXQDYH]
IXHURQHVSDFLRVGHFRQYLYHQFLDVHKDQWUDQVIRUPDGRHQOXJDUHVGRQGHHOPLHGRSUHGRPLQD
/RVFLXGDGDQRVYLYHQHQXQHVWDGRFRQVWDQWHGHDOHUWDORTXHDIHFWDQRVRORVXELHQHVWDUVLQR
WDPELpQVXFDOLGDGGHYLGD/DUHDOLGDGHVTXHODGHOLQFXHQFLDQRVHGHWLHQH\FDGDYH]HVPiV
DXGD]
$QWHHVWDVLWXDFLyQHVLPSHUDWLYRTXHHO(VWDGRWRPHPHGLGDVFRQWXQGHQWHV1REDVWDFRQ
LPSOHPHQWDUSROtWLFDVGHVHJXULGDGTXHFDUH]FDQGHHIHFWLYLGDG6HUHTXLHUHQDFFLRQHV
LQPHGLDWDVFRPRHODXPHQWRGHHIHFWLYRVSROLFLDOHVHQODVFDOOHV\ODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGH
WHFQRORJtDVGHYLJLODQFLDTXHGLVXDGDQDORVGHOLQFXHQWHV$GHPiVVHGHEHQHVWDEOHFHUSHQDV
PiVVHYHUDVSDUDTXLHQHVFRPHWHQGHOLWRVFRPRXQDIRUPDGHJDUDQWL]DUTXHODMXVWLFLDVHD
HIHFWLYD
$VLPLVPRHVIXQGDPHQWDOLQYROXFUDUDODVIXHU]DVDUPDGDVHQWDUHDVGHVHJXULGDGFLXGDGDQD
HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQODV]RQDVPiVFUtWLFDV/DSUHVHQFLDPLOLWDUSXHGHFRQWULEXLUDUHVWDXUDUOD
FRQ¿DQ]DGHODSREODFLyQ\DFRPEDWLUODGHOLQFXHQFLDRUJDQL]DGDTXHHQPXFKDVRFDVLRQHV
RSHUDLPSXQHPHQWH
(VPRPHQWRGHH[LJLUDQXHVWUDVDXWRULGDGHVTXHDFW~HQGHPDQHUDGHFLGLGD/DLQVHJXULGDG
FLXGDGDQDQRHVVRORXQSUREOHPDGHSHUFHSFLyQHVXQDUHDOLGDGTXHDPHQD]DODSD]VRFLDO\
HOGHVDUUROORGHQXHVWURSDtV1RSRGHPRVSHUPLWLUTXHODGHOLQFXHQFLDGH¿QDQXHVWUDVYLGDV(O
3HU~QHFHVLWDUHVSXHVWDVHIHFWLYDV\FRQWXQGHQWHVSDUDHQIUHQWDUHVWDFULVLV\UHFXSHUDUOD
WUDQTXLOLGDGTXHWRGRVPHUHFHPRV
35(*817$
¢4XpDVSHFWRGHVWDFDHODUWtFXORFRPRIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDFRPEDWLUODLQVHJXULGDG
FLXGDGDQDHQ3HU~"
D(ODXPHQWRGHOQ~PHURGHSROLFtDVHQODVFDOOHVPiVWUDQVLWDGDV
E/DSUHVHQFLDPLOLWDUHQODV]RQDVPiVFUtWLFDVGHOSDtV
F(OHQGXUHFLPLHQWRGHODVSHQDVSDUDORVGHOLQFXHQWHV\EDQGDVRUJDQL]DGDV
G/DLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHXQVLVWHPDLQWHJUDOGHSUHYHQFLyQHGXFDFLyQ\UHLQVHUFLyQVRFLDO
35(*817$
¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVD¿UPDFLRQHVGHVWDFDXQDGLIHUHQFLDFODYHHQWUHORVGRV
DUWtFXORV"
D(ODUWtFXORUHVDOWDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHO(VWDGRPLHQWUDVTXHHODUWtFXOR
ORSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDDOWHUQDWLYDVHFXQGDULD
E(ODUWtFXORHQIDWL]DODQHFHVLGDGGHFRQWDUFRQPHGLGDVLQWHJUDOHVPLHQWUDVTXHHO
DUWtFXORPXHVWUDODXUJHQFLDGHSODQHVLQPHGLDWRV
F(ODUWtFXORVHFHQWUDHQODLQVHJXULGDGFRPRXQSUREOHPDVXSHU¿FLDO\HODUWtFXOR
FRPRXQSUREOHPDHVWUXFWXUDO
G(ODUWtFXORSURPXHYHHOXVRGHWHFQRORJtDVPLHQWUDVTXHHODUWtFXORVXJLHUHDXPHQWDU
ODSROLFtD

21. 35(*817$
(QXQRGHORVDUWtFXORVVHPHQFLRQDTXHODVFDOOHV³VHKDQWUDQVIRUPDGRHQOXJDUHV
GRQGHHOPLHGRSUHGRPLQD´ ¢4XpPHWiIRUDVHXWLOL]DDTXt"
D/DVFDOOHVFRPRHVSDFLRVGHFRQYLYHQFLD
E(OPLHGRFRPRFXOSDEOHGHODLQVHJXULGDG
F/DVFDOOHVFRPRXQUHÀHMRGHOHVWDGRGHLQVHJXULGDG
G(OPLHGRFRPRIHQyPHQRTXHSDUDOL]D
35(*817$
¢4XpDVSHFWRSRGUtDSRQHUHQGXGDODFUHGLELOLGDGGHODUWtFXOR"
D3URSRQHHODXPHQWRGHSUHVHQFLDPLOLWDUHQODVFDOOHVFRQPiVDOHUWDV
E6HEDVD~QLFDPHQWHHQODSHUFHSFLyQGHLQVHJXULGDGGHODSREODFLyQ
F6XJLHUHTXHODGHOLQFXHQFLDVRORSXHGHUHVROYHUVHFRQPDQRGXUD
G&DUHFHGHFLWDVDLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVSDUDVXVWHQWDUVXSURSXHVWD
35(*817$
9XHOYHDOHHUHOWHUFHUSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXOR¢&XiOGHORVVLJXLHQWHVGDWRVSRGUtDD\XGDUD
TXHHODUJXPHQWRSODQWHDGRVHDPiVH¿FD]"
D6HJ~QHO,1(,ODSREUH]DPRQHWDULDDOFDQ]yHOHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVHQQXHVWUR
SDtV
E6HJ~QHOVRFLyORJR-RUJH3pUH]/ySH]ODFULPLQDOLGDGVHUHODFLRQDFRQOD
GHVRUJDQL]DFLyQVRFLDO
F6HJ~QHO%DQFR0XQGLDOODVORFDOLGDGHVFRQPHQRVGHVLJXDOGDGWLHQHQPHQRVWDVDVGH
FULPLQDOLGDG
G6HJ~QXQDHQFXHVWDUHDOL]DGDHQHOODVSHUVRQDVTXHYLYHQHQSREUH]DVRQ
YtFWLPDVGHPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHGHOLWRV
7H[WR
(O$OPD7XUEXOHQWDGH-XOLiQ
9HUULHUHVXQDSHTXHxDFLXGDGGHO)UDQFR&RQGDGRVHH[WHQGtDFRPRXQDDFXDUHODVREUHODV
FROLQDV6XVFDVDVEODQFDV\DGRUQDGDVFRQWHMDVURMDVVHDJUXSDEDQHQWRUQRDODLJOHVLDXQ
LPSRQHQWHHGL¿FLRTXHGRPLQDEDHOSDLVDMH(QHVWHHVFHQDULREXFyOLFRSHURFDUJDGRGH
WHQVLRQHVVRFLDOHVVHGHVDUUROODEDODYLGDGH-XOLiQ6RUHOXQMRYHQDPELFLRVR\OOHQRGH
FRQWUDGLFFLRQHV
6XVRMRVRVFXURV\SHQHWUDQWHVUHÀHMDEDQXQDLQWHOLJHQFLDGHVERUGDQWH\XQDQKHORGH
WUDVFHQGHUVXRULJHQKXPLOGH6XURVWURSiOLGR\GHOJDGRFRQWUDVWDEDFRQODIXHU]DGHVXV
FRQYLFFLRQHV-XOLiQHUDXQFDPDOHyQVRFLDOFDSD]GHDGDSWDUVHDFXDOTXLHUHQWRUQRSHUR
VLHPSUHPDQWHQLHQGRXQDGLVWDQFLDTXHORSURWHJtDGHODYXOJDULGDG\ODPHGLRFULGDG
(QHOVDOyQGH0DGDPHGH5HQDOODDWPyVIHUDHUDRSUHVLYD/RVPXHEOHVDQWLJXRVWDSL]DGRV

22. HQEURFDGRVGHVFRORULGRV\ORVUHWUDWRVGHORVDQWHSDVDGRVGHODIDPLOLDFRQVXVPLUDGDV
VHYHUDVFUHDEDQXQDVHQVDFLyQGHFODXVWURIRELD-XOLiQFRQVXWUDMHQHJUR\VXDOPLGRQDGD
FDPLVDVHVHQWtDFRPRXQH[WUDxRHQDTXHOPXQGRGHFRQYHQFLRQHVHKLSRFUHVtD
/DQDWXUDOH]DHQFDPELRHUDSDUD-XOLiQXQUHIXJLR/RVERVTXHVIURQGRVRVORVUtRVFULVWDOLQRV
\ORVFDPSRVGHWULJRGRUDGRVOHRIUHFtDQXQDVHQVDFLyQGHOLEHUWDG\SOHQLWXGTXHQR
HQFRQWUDEDHQODVRFLHGDG(QODVROHGDGGHORVSDVHRVSRUHOFDPSRVXVSHQVDPLHQWRV
YRODEDQKDFLDXQIXWXURLQFLHUWROOHQRGHSURPHVDV\SHOLJURV
3DUtVFRQVXEXOOLFLR\VXIUHQHVtHUDHOSRORRSXHVWRGHODWUDQTXLODSURYLQFLD/DVFDOOHV
HVWUHFKDV\VLQXRVDVORVSDODFLRVRSXOHQWRV\ORVVDORQHVHOHJDQWHVFUHDEDQXQDPELHQWH
VRIRFDQWH-XOLiQDWUDSDGRHQHVWDYRUiJLQHVHVHQWtDFDGDYH]PiVGHVRULHQWDGR\VROR
$GDSWDGRGH³5RMR\1HJUR´GH6WKHQGKDO
35(*817$
¢&yPRVHGHVFULEHODFLXGDGGH9HUULHUHV"
D&RPRXQOXJDUWUDQTXLOR\SLQWRUHVFRFRQFDVDVEODQFDV\WHMDVURMDV
E&RPRXQFHQWURGHDFWLYLGDGVRFLDO\SROtWLFDOOHQRGHLQWULJDV\DPELFLRQHV
F&RPRXQDFLXGDGHQGHFDGHQFLDPDUFDGDSRUODSREUH]D\HODEDQGRQR
G&RPRXQHVSDFLRGRQGHSUHGRPLQDQODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVPRGHUQDVHLPSRQHQWHV
35(*817$
¢&XiOHVHOWHPDTXHVHGHVDUUROODHQHOWH[WR"
D/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGH9HUULHUHV
E(OFDUiFWHUGH-XOLiQ6RUHO
F/DRSRVLFLyQHQWUHHOFDPSR\ODFLXGDG
G/DYLGDVRFLDOHQHOVDOyQGH0DGDPHGH5HQDO
35(*817$
¢4XpVLPEROL]DODQDWXUDOH]DSDUD-XOLiQ6RUHO"
D8QOXJDUGHWUDEDMRGXUR\VDFUL¿FLR
E8QHVSDFLRGHSXUL¿FDFLyQHVSLULWXDO
F8QUHÀHMRGHVXVDPELFLRQHV
G8QUHIXJLRDQWHODKLSRFUHVtDVRFLDO
35(*817$
/HHODVLJXLHQWHRUDFLyQ³/DVSHUVRQDVDVXDOUHGHGRUFRQYHUVDEDQVREUH
DVXQWRVEDQDOHVFRQDLUHGHLPSRUWDQFLD´
¢(QTXpSiUUDIRGHOWH[WRVHUtDPiVDSURSLDGRLQFOXLUHVWDRUDFLyQ"
D3iUUDIR
E3iUUDIR

23. F3iUUDIR
G3iUUDIR
35(*817$
¢4XpUHFXUVRQDUUDWLYRVHXWLOL]DHQHOIUDJPHQWRSDUDSUHVHQWDUD-XOLiQ6RUHO"
D(OXVRH[WHQVLYRGHOGLiORJRLQWHUQR
E8QDHVWUXFWXUDFURQROyJLFDOLQHDOVLQVDOWRVWHPSRUDOHV
F8QHQIRTXHH[FOXVLYRHQODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVFRQRWURVSHUVRQDMHV
G/DGHVFULSFLyQGHHOHPHQWRVItVLFRVTXHUHÀHMDQHPRFLRQHV
7H[WR
2FpDQRVGH3OiVWLFR8QD$PHQD]D,QYLVLEOHTXH$KRJD1XHVWUR3ODQHWD
/RVRFpDQRVTXHFXEUHQPiVGHOGHODVXSHU¿FLHWHUUHVWUHVRQHVHQFLDOHVSDUDODYLGDHQ
OD7LHUUD6LQHPEDUJRVHHQIUHQWDQDXQDDPHQD]DFUHFLHQWH\VLOHQFLRVDODFRQWDPLQDFLyQSRU
SOiVWLFRV(VWDFULVLVDPELHQWDOQRVRORDIHFWDDODYLGDPDULQDVLQRTXHWDPELpQWLHQHJUDYHV
LPSOLFDFLRQHVSDUDODVDOXGKXPDQD\HOHTXLOLEULRHFROyJLFR
(O3UREOHPDGHORV3OiVWLFRVHQORV2FpDQRV
&DGDDxRPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVGHSOiVWLFRWHUPLQDQHQORVRFpDQRV(VWRVGHVHFKRV
SURYLHQHQGHGLYHUVDVIXHQWHVFRPRUHVLGXRVPDOJHVWLRQDGRVDFWLYLGDGHVSHVTXHUDV\
SURGXFWRVGHFRQVXPRGLDULR8QDYH]HQHOPDUORVSOiVWLFRVSXHGHQWDUGDUFLHQWRVGHDxRVHQ
GHVFRPSRQHUVHIUDJPHQWiQGRVHHQPLFURSOiVWLFRVTXHVRQLQJHULGRVSRUODIDXQDPDULQD
,PSDFWRHQOD9LGD0DULQD
/DIDXQDPDULQDHVXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVYtFWLPDVGHHVWDFRQWDPLQDFLyQ$QLPDOHVFRPR
WRUWXJDVDYHVPDULQDV\SHFHVFRQIXQGHQORVSOiVWLFRVFRQDOLPHQWRVORTXHSXHGHOOHYDUDOD
REVWUXFFLyQGHVXVVLVWHPDVGLJHVWLYRV\HQPXFKRVFDVRVDODPXHUWH$GHPiVORV
PLFURSOiVWLFRVSXHGHQDFXPXODUVHHQODFDGHQDDOLPHQWDULDDIHFWDQGRDHVSHFLHVGHWRGRVORV
QLYHOHVWUy¿FRV
5LHVJRVSDUDOD6DOXG+XPDQD
/RVSOiVWLFRVHQORVRFpDQRVQRVRORDIHFWDQDODYLGDPDULQD/RVPLFURSOiVWLFRVSXHGHQHQWUDU
HQODFDGHQDDOLPHQWDULDKXPDQDDWUDYpVGHOFRQVXPRGHPDULVFRV\SHVFDGRVFRQWDPLQDGRV
(VWXGLRVUHFLHQWHVKDQHQFRQWUDGRPLFURSOiVWLFRVHQHODJXDSRWDEOH\HQDOLPHQWRVFRPXQHV
ORTXHSODQWHDVHULDVSUHRFXSDFLRQHVVREUHORVHIHFWRVDODUJRSOD]RHQODVDOXGKXPDQD
,PSDFWRHQHO0HGLR$PELHQWH
/DFRQWDPLQDFLyQSRUSOiVWLFRVWDPELpQDIHFWDODFDSDFLGDGGHORVRFpDQRVSDUDDFWXDUFRPR
VXPLGHURVGHFDUERQRORTXHFRQWULEX\HDOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR$GHPiVORVSOiVWLFRVOLEHUDQ
VXVWDQFLDVTXtPLFDVWy[LFDVDOGHVFRPSRQHUVHFRQWDPLQDQGRHODJXD\ORVVHGLPHQWRV
PDULQRV
/DFRQWDPLQDFLyQSRUSOiVWLFRVHQORVRFpDQRVHVXQDDPHQD]DLQYLVLEOHSHURGHYDVWDGRUDTXH

24. UHTXLHUHXQDDFFLyQXUJHQWH\FRRUGLQDGDDQLYHOJOREDO3DUDDERUGDUHVWDFULVLVHVFUXFLDO
LPSOHPHQWDUHVWUDWHJLDVLQWHJUDOHVTXHLQFOX\DQODUHGXFFLyQGHOXVRGHSOiVWLFRVHOIRPHQWR
GHOUHFLFODMH\ODPHMRUDGHODJHVWLyQGHUHVLGXRV,QLFLDWLYDVFRPRODOLPSLH]DGHSOD\DV\
RFpDQRVDVtFRPRODSURPRFLyQGHDOWHUQDWLYDVVRVWHQLEOHVDOSOiVWLFRVRQSDVRVLPSRUWDQWHV
KDFLDODPLWLJDFLyQGHHVWHSUREOHPD3URWHJHUQXHVWURVRFpDQRVHVHVHQFLDOSDUDJDUDQWL]DUXQ
IXWXURVRVWHQLEOHSDUDWRGDVODVIRUPDVGHYLGDHQOD7LHUUD
35(*817$
6HJ~QODLQIRJUDItDSUHVHQWDGDSRU(XURSDSUHVV¢FXiQWDVWRQHODGDVGHSOiVWLFRGHMDQ
$PpULFDGHO1RUWH\&HQWUDOHQHOPDUFDGDDxR"
D
E
F
G
35(*817$
¢&XiOHVODLGHDSULQFLSDOTXHVHSUHVHQWDHQHOWH[WR"
D/DFRQWDPLQDFLyQSRUSOiVWLFRHVXQSUREOHPDODWHQWHSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQHO3HU~
E/RVPLFURSOiVWLFRVGDxDQODVDOXGGHOVHUKXPDQRDOVHUFRQVXPLGRVHQORVDOLPHQWRV
F/DJHVWLyQLQDGHFXDGDGHUHVLGXRVSOiVWLFRVUHSUHVHQWDXQDJUDQDPHQD]D
G/DFRQWDPLQDFLyQGHORVRFpDQRVWUDHFRQVHFXHQFLDVQHJDWLYDVTXHWUDVFLHQGHODYLGD
PDULQD
35(*817$
¢4XpFRQFOXVLyQVHSXHGHH[WUDHUVREUHHOLPSDFWRGHORVSOiVWLFRVHQHOPHGLR
DPELHQWH"
D$SHVDUGHVXDPSOLDXWLOL]DFLyQODHYLGHQFLDVXJLHUHTXHORVSOiVWLFRVWLHQHQXQLPSDFWR

25. DPELHQWDOQHJDWLYRSHUROLPLWDGR
E/DLQWHUDFFLyQGHORVSOiVWLFRVFRQRUJDQLVPRVPDULQRVWUDHFRQVHFXHQFLDVQHJDWLYDV
TXHGHWHULRUDQVXVDOXGSHURQRDIHFWDDRWUDVHVSHFLHV
F/RVSOiVWLFRVDIHFWDQODFDSDFLGDGGHORVRFpDQRVSDUDH[SXOVDUFDUERQRORTXHSXHGH
LQWHQVL¿FDUHOFDOHQWDPLHQWRJOREDO
G/DGHVFRPSRVLFLyQGHSOiVWLFRVHQDPELHQWHVQDWXUDOHVSURYRFDODOLEHUDFLyQGH
VXVWDQFLDVTXtPLFDVTXHSXHGHQGDxDUODYLGDPDULQD
35(*817$
¢4XpHOHPHQWRSRGUtDSRQHUHQGXGDODFUHGLELOLGDGGHODUWtFXOR"
D/DIDOWDGHUHIHUHQFLDVDHVWXGLRVFLHQWt¿FRVUHFLHQWHVTXHGHPXHVWUHQORVHIHFWRVGHORV
SOiVWLFRVHQHOPHGLRDPELHQWH
E/DDXVHQFLDGHHMHPSORVPiVFRQFUHWRVTXHGHPXHVWUHQFDGDD¿UPDFLyQ
F/DSUHVHQWDFLyQGHHVWDGtVWLFDVVLQH[SOLFDUHOPpWRGRFRQHOTXHVHREWXYLHURQ
G/DPHQFLyQGHVROXFLRQHVVLQDQDOL]DUVXVSRVLEOHVOLPLWDFLRQHVRHIHFWRVVHFXQGDULRV
35(*817$
¢&XiOGHODVVLJXLHQWHVPHGLGDV12JXDUGDUHODFLyQFRQODVVROXFLRQHVSODQWHDGDVHQHO
DUWtFXOR"
D2UJDQL]DUOLPSLH]DVGHSOD\DV\UtRVSDUDHOLPLQDUUHVLGXRVSOiVWLFRV\IRPHQWDUOD
SDUWLFLSDFLyQFRPXQLWDULDHQODSURWHFFLyQGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH
E(VWDEOHFHUXQSURJUDPDHGXFDWLYRTXHLQIRUPHDODVSHUVRQDVVREUHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHO
UHFLFODMH\ODUHGXFFLyQGHOXVRGHSOiVWLFRV
F,PSOHPHQWDUXQVLVWHPDGHLQFHQWLYRVSDUDHPSUHVDVORFDOHVTXHXWLOLFHQPDWHULDOHV
UHFLFODGRVHQVXVSURGXFWRV
G3URPRYHUHOXVRGHSURGXFWRVGHVHFKDEOHVHQHYHQWRVFRPXQLWDULRVSDUDIDFLOLWDUOD
ORJtVWLFD\OLPSLH]DSRVWHULRU
7H[WR
&yPR2UJDQL]DUWX7LHPSRFRQXQ+RUDULR(IHFWLYR
/DJHVWLyQGHOWLHPSRHVHVHQFLDOSDUDPHMRUDUWXSURGXFWLYLGDG\UHGXFLUHOHVWUpV8QKRUDULR
ELHQHVWUXFWXUDGRWHSHUPLWLUiDOFDQ]DUWXVPHWDV\GLVIUXWDUPiVGHODYLGD$TXtWLHQHVXQ
HQIRTXHSUiFWLFRSDUDRUJDQL]DUWXWLHPSRGHPDQHUDHIHFWLYD
,'H¿QHWXV2EMHWLYRV
$QWHVGHFUHDUXQKRUDULRHVWDEOHFHWXVREMHWLYRV3UHJ~QWDWHTXpGHVHDVORJUDUDFRUWR\
ODUJRSOD]R(VFULEHWXVPHWDVSDUDWHQHUXQUHFRUGDWRULRFRQVWDQWHGHORTXHTXLHUHV
DOFDQ]DU
,,+D]XQ,QYHQWDULRGH7DUHDV
$QRWDWRGDVODVWDUHDVTXHQHFHVLWDVUHDOL]DUGHVGHODVPiVVLPSOHVKDVWDODVPiV

26. FRPSOHMDV&ODVLItFDODVHQGLDULDVVHPDQDOHV\PHQVXDOHV
,,,3ULRUL]DFRQOD0DWUL]GH(LVHQKRZHU
&ODVL¿FDWXVWDUHDVHQFXDWURFXDGUDQWHV
8UJHQWHH,PSRUWDQWH+D]ORLQPHGLDWDPHQWH
,PSRUWDQWHSHUR1R8UJHQWH3URJUDPDXQWLHPSRHVSHFt¿FRSDUDKDFHUODV
8UJHQWHSHUR1R,PSRUWDQWH6LHVSRVLEOHGHOpJDODVDDOJXLHQTXHSXHGDKDFHUODV
LQPHGLDWDPHQWH
1R8UJHQWHQL,PSRUWDQWH(OLPLQDRDSOD]D
,9&UHDWX+RUDULR6HPDQDO
'LYLGHWXGtDHQEORTXHVGHWLHPSRGHGLFDGRVDWDUHDVHVSHFt¿FDVLQFOX\HQGRGHVFDQVRV
FRUWRVHQWUHHOORV$VHJ~UDWHGHGHMDUHVSDFLRSDUDLPSUHYLVWRV
9(VWDEOHFH5XWLQDV'LDULDV
&UHDUXWLQDVPDWXWLQDV\QRFWXUQDVTXHWHD\XGHQDFRPHQ]DU\WHUPLQDUHOGtDFRQFODULGDG\
SURSyVLWR
9,5HYLVD\$MXVWD7X+RUDULR5HJXODUPHQWH
(YDO~DWXKRUDULRFDGDVHPDQDSDUDYHUTXpIXQFLRQy\TXpQRDMXVWDQGRVHJ~QVHD
QHFHVDULR3RUHMHPSORUHYLVDWXDJHQGDVHPDQDO6LWHSHUFDWDVGHTXHHVWXYLVWHPXFKR
WLHPSRHQUHGHVVRFLDOHV\SRUHVRQRFXPSOLVWHFRQDOJXQDDFWLYLGDGUHJXODWXWLHPSRHQ
UHGHVSDUDODVHPDQDVLJXLHQWH
9,,&HOHEUD7XV/RJURV
5HFRQRFHWXVp[LWRVSRUSHTXHxRVTXHVHDQSDUDPDQWHQHUWHPRWLYDGR3RUHMHPSOR
FXDQGRREWLHQHVXQDEXHQDFDOL¿FDFLyQSRUWXHVIXHU]RSUpPLDWHFRQORTXHPiVWHJXVWD
YHUiVTXHJUDWL¿FDQWH
2UJDQL]DUWXWLHPSRHVXQDLQYHUVLyQHQWLPLVPRTXHWHSHUPLWLUiDOFDQ]DUWXVPHWDV\GLVIUXWDU
PiVGHODYLGD£(PSLH]DKR\PLVPRDGLVHxDUWXFDPLQRKDFLDXQDYLGDPiVRUJDQL]DGD\
VDWLVIDFWRULD
35(*817$
6HJ~QODPDWUL]GH(LVHQKRZHU¢TXpWDUHDVGHEHQUHDOL]DUVHLQPHGLDWDPHQWH"
D/DVXUJHQWHVHLPSRUWDQWHV\ODVLPSRUWDQWHVSHURQRXUJHQWHV
E/DVXUJHQWHVSHURQRLPSRUWDQWHV\ODVQRXUJHQWHVQLLPSRUWDQWHV
F/DVXUJHQWHVHLPSRUWDQWHV\ODVXUJHQWHVSHURQRLPSRUWDQWHV
G/DVLPSRUWDQWHVSHURQRXUJHQWHV\ODVXUJHQWHVSHURQRLPSRUWDQWHV

27. 35(*817$
¢'HTXpWUDWDSULQFLSDOPHQWHHOWH[WR"
D'HODJHVWLyQGHOWLHPSRSURSLR
E'HODLPSRUWDQFLDGHORVREMHWLYRVSHUVRQDOHV
F'HODVYHQWDMDVGHODPDWUL]GH(LVHQKRZHU
G'HODQHFHVLGDGGHFHOHEUDUORVORJURV
35(*817$
¢&XiOHVHOSURSyVLWRSULQFLSDOGHOWH[WR"
D%ULQGDUXQDVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHV
E([SOLFDUXQIHQyPHQR
F'HVFULELUXQDUXWLQD
G'HIHQGHUXQPpWRGR
35(*817$
¢4XpFRQFOXVLyQVHSXHGHH[WUDHUGHOWH[WR"
D8QDDGHFXDGDJHVWLyQGHOWLHPSRVXSRQHDOWHUQDUPRPHQWRVGHWUDEDMR\PRPHQWRVGH
UHSRVR
E/DÀH[LELOLGDGHQODJHVWLyQGHOWLHPSRHVPiVSURGXFWLYDTXHHOUHVSHWRHVWULFWRGHORV
KRUDULRV
F8QDEXHQDRUJDQL]DFLyQGHOWLHPSRLPSOLFDHYLWDUODUHDOL]DFLyQGHDFWLYLGDGHVHQODV
PDxDQDV\HQODVQRFKHV
G(OUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHORVORJURVSHUVRQDOHVHVQHFHVDULRSDUDGH¿QLUORVREMHWLYRV
SURSLRV
35(*817$
/HHODVLJXLHQWHRUDFLyQ³3RUHMHPSORVLHVFXFKDUP~VLFDSRUODVQRFKHVWHD\XGDDUHODMDUWH
GHGtFDOHDHVWDDFWLYLGDGXQWLHPSRWRGRVORVGtDVDQWHVGHDFRVWDUWH´ ¢(QTXpVHFFLyQGHO
WH[WRVHUtDPiVDSURSLDGRLQFOXLUHVWDRUDFLyQ"
D'H¿QHWXVREMHWLYRV
E+D]XQLQYHQWDULRGHWDUHDV
F(VWDEOHFHUXWLQDVGLDULDV
G&HOHEUDWXVORJURV

28. Pregunta Respu esta Pregunta Respu esta
1 c 31 d
2 a 32 a
3 b 33 a
4 b 34 d
5 a 35 c
6 d 36 c
7 a 37 a
8 d 38 a
9 b 39 c
10 b 40 a
11 d 41 d
12 b 42 b
13 c 43 c
14 d 44 d
15 c 45 a
16 a 46 a
17 a 47 b
18 c 48 d
19 c 49 b
20 d 50 d
21 b 51 a
22 c 52 d
23 c 53 d
24 b 54 a
25 d 55 d
26 c 56 c
27 a 57 a
28 d 58 a
29 c 59 a
30 c 60 c
C
O
M
P
E
T
E
N
C
I
A

L
E
C
T
O
R
A
C
O
M
P
E
T
E
N
C
I
A
S

M
A
T
E
M
Á
T
I
C
A
S
CLAVES PARA EL SIMULACRO BECA 18 - CONVOCATORIA 2025