COPPER & COPPER ALLOYS and its process to be welder to provide the sound of the joint

copper and its alloying type

1. CHAPTER B.2.18

4. Harian Umum
TRIBUN
Tgl. 13 /3 / 2006

6. OXYGEN & PHOSPHORUS LEVELS OF COPPERS
C 12200
Cu O P

10. UNALLOYED COPPER

Most Important :
The high thermal & electrical conductivity
, Second best material after silver

11. Influence of cold deformation ( strain hardening ) on
strength of pure copper

12. Influence of annealing temperature to cold
deformation

13. Alloying
Ag , As > Substitutional
Cr, Zr, Cd, Fe, Be > Age Hardening

14. Influence of alloying elements

15. BRASS / KUNINGAN
•Paduan Copper / Tembaga ( Cu ) dan Zinc / Seng ( Zn )
•Kuningan ada 3 macam :
1. Kuningan Konstruksi > KMs
2. Kuningan Cor > GMs
3. Kuningan Solder > SMs
Timah Hitam ( Pb ) ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan
mampu mesin ( machinability )

16. DIAGRAM FASA Cu - Zn

19. TYPE OF BRASS
•Cu – 5 % Zn : Gilding Metal > Jewelry
•Cu – 10 % Zn : Commercial Bronze > Cheaper than Cu – Sn.
•Cu – 15 % Zn : Red Brass ( Stress Corrosion Resistant )
•Cu – 30 % Zn : Cartridge Brass ( Excellent cold formability ,
e.g. deep drawing )
•Cu – 40 % Zn : 60 – 40 Brass or Muntz Metal (α + β phase)
are hot worked / machined

20. Cartridge Brass

23. Dezincification

24. TIN BRONZE
Paduan antara tembaga ( Cu )
dan timah putih ( Sn )

25. TYPES OF TIN BRONZE

30. ALUMINIUM BRONZE
Paduan antara tembaga ( Cu ) dengan
Aluminium (Al) dengan kadar Aluminium
antara 4 dan 11 %
Dapat dikeras dengan proses hardening

33. BERYLIUM BRONZE
Paduan antara Tembaga (Cu) dan Berylium (Be)
Dapat dikeras dengan proses Precipitation
Hardening

38. COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS

39. COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS
Cu and Ni are similar ( Density, FCC
structure, Atomic radius, Atomic
volume ) >> Full Solubility

40. TYPES OF COPPER NICKEL ALLOYS

41. COPPER – ZINC – NICKEL ( NICKEL SILVER )

46. D. Shielding
Cu with oxidable element ( Be, Al ) form oxides ,
which may be troublesone
>> Good cleaning and shielding necessary
Aluminum Bronze forms oxide layer at the
surface
>> remove before welding

47. PREHEATED EFFECT

62. Water cooled inductions for low frequency ( 60 ÷ 180 Hz )
Process : Automatic GTAW
Base material : ETP Copper
•Joint type : Butt
•Weld type : Square grove ,zero root opening
• Power supply: 500 Amp. rectifier
• Electrode : 3.2 mm diam. EWTh – 2
• Torch: 350 A , water cooled
• Filler metal: None
• Fixtures : 6 rolls
• Number of passes : 2 ( 1 / side )
• Current : 220 A ( DCEN )
• Arc length : 3.2 mm
• Shielding gas: Helium
• Flow rate : 9,5 lt / min
• Weld position: Flat
• Travel speed: 33 cm / min
• Preheat : None

63. Condition :
•Joint type : Butt
•Weld type : Square grove ,zero root opening
• Power supply: 500 Amp. rectifier
• Electrode : 3.2 mm diam. EWTh – 2
• Torch : 350 A , water cooled
• Filler metal : None
• Fixtures : 6 rolls
• Number of passes : 2 ( 1 / side )
• Current : 220 A ( DCEN )
• Arc length : 3.2 mm
• Shielding gas: Helium
• Flow rate : 9,5 lt / min
• Weld position: Flat
• Travel speed : 33 cm / min
• Preheat : None

66. TYPE OF BRASS
•Cu – 5 % Zn : Gilding Metal > Jewelry
•Cu – 10 % Zn : Commercial Bronze > Cheaper than Cu – Sn.
•Cu – 15 % Zn : Red Brass ( Stress Corrosion Resistant )
•Cu – 30 % Zn : Cartridge Brass ( Excellent cold formability ,
e.g. deep drawing )
•Cu – 40 % Zn : 60 – 40 Brass or Muntz Metal (α + β phase)
are hot worked / machined

71. OXYGEN & PHOSPHORUS LEVELS OF COPPERS
C 12200
Cu O P

76. COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS

77. COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS
Cu and Ni are similar ( Density, FCC
structure, Atomic radius, Atomic
volume ) >> Full Solubility