Co-precipitation method Co precipitation is defined as the process of two or more solutes precipitating together from a solution. The required metal cations taken as soluble salts are coprecipitated from a common medium generally in the form of hydroxide,oxalates,carbonates or citrates The mixture is filtered,dried and then heated to give the final product
Flowchart The cation and anion solutions are mixed under constant stirring for precipitating hydroxide and then dried for oxide formation . Various processes occurring simultaneously in coprecipitation are initial nucleation , growth, coarsening , agglomeration , and ripeness . The controlled release of anions and cations regulates the nucleation and particle growth kinetics which facilitates synthesis of monodispersed NPs.