Copy Bagasala,BJ_Deviant Behavior Report PPT.pptx

For Criminology

1. Deviant Behavior

2. 2 The learners should be able to... To know the Differences of this Theories ( Krestchmer and Sheldon Theory). Know the impact of this theories in human characteristics in body physique Importance in studying the theories.

3. 3 What is Deviant behavior ? - Deviant behavior is behavior that violates the normative rules, understandings, or expectations of social systems . -  deviance describes an action or behavior that violates  social norms , including a formally enacted rule (e.g.,  crime ),as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and  mores ).

4. 4 Ernst Kretschmer Kretschmer was born in  Wüstenrot  near  Heilbronn . He attended Cannstatt Gymnasium, one of the oldest Latin schools in  Stuttgart  area. From 1906 to 1912 he studied  theology ,  medicine , and  philosophy  at the universities of Tübingen ,  Munich  and  Hamburg . From 1913 he was assistant of  Robert Gaupp  in Tübingen , where he received his habilitation in 1918. He continued as assistant medical director until 1926.

5. In 1926 he became the director of the psychiatric clinic at  Marburg University . Kretschmer was a founding member of the  International General Medical Society for Psychotherapy  (AÄGP) which was founded on January 12, 1927. He was the president of AÄGP from 1929. In 1933 he resigned from the AÄGP for political reasons. From 1946 until 1959, Kretschmer was the director of the psychiatric clinic of the  University of Tübingen . He died, aged 75, in  Tübingen .

6. 6 Cooperating with the Nazis After he resigned from the AÄGP, he started to support the  SS  and signed the "Vow of allegiance of the professors of the German universities and high-schools to  Adolf Hitler  and the  National Socialistic state ." ( German : " Bekenntnis der Professoren an den deutschen Universitäten und Hochschulen zu Adolf Hitler und dem nationalsozialistischen Staat ").

7. 7 7 Scientific contribution Persistent vegetative state and sensitive paranoia research Kretschmer was the first to describe the  persistent vegetative state  which has also been called  Kretschmer's syndrome. Another medical term coined after him is  Kretschmer’s sensitive  paranoia . This classification has the merit of singling out "a type of paranoia that was unknown" prior to Kretschmer , and which "does not resemble the stereotypical image of sthenic paranoia". Furthermore, between 1915 and 1921 he developed a differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and manic depression.

8. 8 8 8 Types of physique Kretschmer is also known for developing a classification system that can be seen as one of the earliest exponents of a constitutional (the total plan or philosophy on which something is constructed) approach. His classification system was based on four main  body types :

9. You can also split your content 9 Body Physique a) asthenic (thin, small, weak ); b ) athletic (muscular, large–boned); c) pyknic (stocky, fat). d) dysplastic ( unproportionate body);

10. 10 10 Each of these body types was associated by Kretschmer with certain personality traits and, in a more extreme form,  mental disorders . He wrote that there is only a weak relation between  Schizophrenics  and pyknic body type on the one hand, and between Circulars (with the tendency to circular type of  manic-depressive psychosis ) and asthenics , athletics, and dysplastics on the other. Among the schizophrenics also the asthenico –athletic types are very prevalent.  Kretschmer believed that pyknic persons were friendly, interpersonally dependent, and gregarious. In a more extreme version of these traits, this would mean for example that the obese are predisposed toward  manic-depressive illness . Thin types were associated with  introversion  and timidity. This was seen as a milder form of the negative symptoms exhibited by withdrawn schizophrenics. However, the idea of the association of body types with personality traits is no longer influential in  personality psychology .

11. The essential characteristic of the asthenic type, in Kretschmer's words, "a deficiency in thickness combined with an average unlessened length". The deficiency is present in all parts of body:  muscle ,  bone ,  neck ,  face , trunk,  extremities , and in all the tissues  skin . The average weight as well as the other body measurements are below the general value for males. We have, consequently, in the clearest cases a lean narrowly-built man: with narrow  shoulders , with thin muscles, delicately boned hands, with a narrow, long, flat chest, on which we can usually see the  ribs . The asthenic female are not only thin, but also of very small  height . In their general appearance they're the same as asthenic men. Asthenic type 11

12. Description 12

13. Athletic type The male athletic type is characterized by the strong development of the  musculature ,  skeleton , and also the skin. We have, therefore, in the clearest cases the following general impression: a man with a middle-sized to tall man, with a superb  chest , wide projecting shoulders ("particularly the hypertrophied shoulders" as Kretschmer said), firm  stomach , magnificent legs.The expression "hypertrophied" meaning a development which oversteps the average, not in the sense of a pathological disturbance. The athletic type among  female  corresponds to the male form.The certain characteristic deviation is the development of  fat , it's rich, but not electively abnormal as with pyknics .[Besides of these athletic type women with feminine rounded figure, there are also those women which have outstanding musculature in body face and face. In many cases, athletic type women are actually masculine in muscle relief. 13

14. Description 14

15. Pyknic type The pyknic type is characterized by the peripheral development of the body cavities ( breast ,  head , and  stomach ), and a tendency to a distribution of  fat  about the  torso . They also have a more graceful construction of the motor apparatus ( limbs  and  shoulders ). The characteristics of the well-developed cases: rounded figure, middle  height , a soft broad  face  on a short massive  neck , sitting between the  shoulders , shoulders are not broad; soft, rounded, and displaying little  muscle  relief limbs, the  hands  soft, rather wide and short. The pyknic type tend emphatically to a covering of fat.The   obesity  of the pyknic is restricted within moderate limits for the most part. The female pyknics covering of fat is more strongly concentrated over the  hips  and  chest . The ratio of chest to shoulder of the female pyknics is the same as in the male pyknics . 15

16. Description 16

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18. Asthenic a personality type characterised by low energy level, easy fatigability, incapacity for enjoyment, lack of enthusiasm, and oversensitivity to physical and emotional stress. Athletic These people will have strong body. They are more energetic and aggressive. They will be strong enough, determined, adventurous and balanced. Pyknic  a body type characterized by a short, thickset, stocky physique. According to Kretschmer typology, such individuals tend to be jovial, extraverted, and subject to mood swings (in extreme cases, manic depressive). According to their Personalities 18

19. The temperaments Kretschmer divided the temperaments into the two "constitutional groups":  schizothymic , which contain a " psychæsthetic proportion" between  sensitive  and  cold  poles, and  cyclothymes  which contain a " diathetic " proportion between raised ( happy ) and  sad . The modern term for light version of 'circular' insanity is  cyclothymia . Psychic tempo of schizothymic people is between unstable and tenacious and they have alternation mode of feeling and thought, and cyclothymes psychic tempo is between mobile and comfortable. [4]   Schizothymic's psychomotility is often inadequate to stimulus: inhibited, restrained, lamed, stiff, etc., and psychomotility of cyclothymes is adequate to stimulus and natural. Cyclothymes are often pyknics , schizothymes – athletic, asthenic, dysplastic, and their mixtures. The Schizoids consist of the  hyperæsthetic  (sensitive) and  anæsthetic  (cold) characters. 19

20. 20 Conclusion To sum up everything that has been stated,We know that people have differences as to physical or mental behaviour and, here as a good study about the characteristics of the body regarding to personality traits and, in a more extreme form,  mental disorders , krestchmer found that pyknic type are more friendly, so they are less to chance in being a Schizophrenics but have   manic-depressive illness , on the other hand the asthenics and athletic are tendency to circular type of  manic-depressive psychosis so if roaming around let’s find out or observe them if they have the traits like this or if you are having close friends or relatives where we can prove it, that this characteristics made by ernst krestchmers are true in realtime .

21. 21 Thank You for Listening !