Copy-of-The-Urinary-System. pptx

1. The Urinary System This presentation will provide an overview of the urinary system, exploring its structure, function, and the intricate processes involved in urine formation. by wavy Anchal

2. Introduction to the Urinary System 1 Waste Removal The urinary system plays a crucial role in removing waste products from the body, such as urea, creatinine, and excess electrolytes. 2 Blood Volume and Pressure Regulation By adjusting the amount of water and electrolytes excreted, the urinary system helps maintain blood volume and pressure within a healthy range. 3 Electrolyte and Metabolite Control The kidneys regulate the levels of essential electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, and control the excretion of metabolic byproducts. 4 Blood pH Regulation The urinary system helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by excreting excess hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions.

3. Organs of the Urinary System Kidneys The kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Ureters The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Bladder The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is excreted from the body.

4. Detailed Anatomy of the Kidney Renal Cortex The outer layer of the kidney, containing the glomeruli and proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Renal Medulla The inner region of the kidney, containing the loops of Henle and collecting ducts. Renal Pelvis A funnel-shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects urine before it enters the ureter. Calyces Chambers within the kidney where urine collects before entering the renal pelvis.

5. The Nephron: The Functional Unit of the Kidney Renal Corpuscle The renal corpuscle is the initial filtering unit of the nephron, consisting of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. Renal Tubule The renal tubule is a long, twisted tube that extends from the Bowman's capsule, responsible for reabsorption and secretion.

6. Structure of the Nephron 1 Glomerulus A network of capillaries where blood filtration begins. 2 Bowman's Capsule A cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate. 3 Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) Reabsorbs nutrients, ions, and water from the filtrate. 4 Loop of Henle Creates a concentration gradient for water and salt reabsorption. 5 Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) Further reabsorption and secretion occur under hormonal control. 6 Collecting Duct Receives urine from multiple nephrons and concentrates it through water reabsorption.

7. Functions of the Nephron Filtration Blood enters the glomerulus under pressure, forcing water and small solutes into Bowman's capsule. Reabsorption Most of the filtered water, glucose, amino acids, and ions are reabsorbed back into the blood. Secretion Waste products and excess ions are secreted into the tubule from the blood. Excretion The concentrated urine product moves from the collecting duct into the renal pelvis and out of the body.

8. Physiology of Urine Formation Glomerular Filtration The initial step in urine formation, where blood is filtered through the glomerulus. Tubular Reabsorption The process of reabsorbing essential substances from the filtrate back into the blood. Secretion The process of removing waste products and excess ions from the blood and secreting them into the tubule.

9. Path of Urine 1 Nephron Urine is formed within the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. 2 Collecting Duct Urine flows from the nephron into the collecting duct, where it is further concentrated. 3 Ureters Urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters. 4 Urinary Bladder The bladder stores urine until it is excreted from the body. 5 Urethra Urine is expelled from the body through the urethra.

10. Blood Supply in the Kidney Renal Artery Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery. Glomerulus Blood is filtered in the glomerulus, a network of capillaries. Peritubular Capillaries Blood flows through the peritubular capillaries, where reabsorption and secretion occur. Renal Vein Filtered blood exits the kidney through the renal vein.