Ideas, Methods or Systems – This covers a broad spectrum of works, including methods for making or building things, scientific discoveries or ideas, scientific or technical methods, business operations or procedures, mathematical formulas, algorithms, or principles. Commonly Known Information –For example, height and weight charts, rulers and tape measures, and standard calendars, fall into this category, which is often known as “the sky is blue” category, because there is no known author to that concept. Choreographic Works – Choreography, which is the step sequence and design in a dance routine, cannot be protected by copyright, unless it has been video recorded or otherwise notated. Also included under this category are speeches given, which have not been transcribed either before or after they are given. Names, Titles Short Phrases, and Expressions – This category covers names of things, slogans, catch phrases, pseudonyms, product descriptions, titles of works, and other things. Things Not Protected by Copyright