Coronary-artery-disease-definition, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

Coronary-artery-disease-definition, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

1. StudyMafia .Org Submitted To: Submitted By: S tudymafia.org Studymafia.org Coronary Artery Disease

2. Table of content Introduction What is coronary artery disease ? Who gets coronary artery disease ? Symptoms Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Conclusion

3. Introduction Coronary artery disease develops when the major blood vessels that supply your heart become damaged or diseased. Cholesterol-containing deposits (plaques) in your coronary arteries and inflammation are usually to blame for coronary artery disease. The coronary arteries supply blood, oxygen and nutrients to your heart. A buildup of plaque can narrow these arteries, decreasing blood flow to your heart. Eventually, the reduced blood flow may cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other coronary artery disease signs and symptoms. A complete blockage can cause a heart attack.

4. What is coronary artery disease ? Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or blockage of your coronary arteries usually caused by the buildup of fatty material called plaque. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease and heart disease.

5. Who gets coronary artery disease ? Have a high cholesterol level (especially a high LDL “bad” cholesterol level and a low HDL “good” cholesterol level). Have high blood pressure. Family history of heart disease. Have diabetes. Are a smoker. Are a man over 45 years of age or a post-menopausal woman. Are overweight. Are physically inactive.

6. symptoms of coronary artery disease ? Chest discomfort (angina) described as heaviness, tightness, pressure, aching, burning, numbness, fullness, squeezing or a dull ache. The discomfort can also spread to or only be felt in your left shoulder, arms, neck, back or jaw. Feeling tired. Dizziness, lightheadedness. Nausea. Weakness.

7. Symptoms of a CAD in women can be slightly different and include : Discomfort or pain in the shoulders, neck, abdomen (belly) and/or back. Feeling of indigestion or heartburn. Unexplained anxiety. Cold sweat .

8. Risk factors Age . Getting older increases your risk of damaged and narrowed arteries. Sex . Men are generally at greater risk of coronary artery disease. However, the risk for women increases after menopause. Family history . A family history of heart disease is associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease, especially if a close relative developed heart disease at an early age. Your risk is highest if your father or a brother was diagnosed with heart disease before age 55 or if your mother or a sister developed it before age 65.

9. Risk factors…. Smoking . People who smoke have a significantly increased risk of heart disease. Breathing in secondhand smoke also increases a person's risk of coronary artery disease. High blood pressure . Uncontrolled high blood pressure can result in hardening and thickening of your arteries, narrowing the channel through which blood can flow Overweight or obesity . Excess weight typically worsens other risk factors.

10. Risk factors…. Physical inactivity . Lack of exercise also is associated with coronary artery disease and some of its risk factors, as well. High stress. Unrelieved stress in your life may damage your arteries as well as worsen other risk factors for coronary artery disease. Unhealthy diet . Eating too much food that has high amounts of saturated fat, trans fat, salt and sugar can increase your risk of coronary artery disease.

11. How is coronary artery disease diagnosed ? Electrocardiograph tests (EKG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart. Can detect heart attack, ischemia and heart rhythm issues. Exercise stress tests : This is a treadmill test to determine how well your heart functions when it’s working the hardest. Can detect angina and coronary blockages. Pharmacologic stress test : Instead of using exercise to test your heart when it is working its hardest, medication is given to increase your heart rate and mimic exercise. This test can detect angina and coronary blockages.

12. How is coronary artery disease diagnosed ?..... Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to see how well the structures of your heart are working and the overall function of your heart. Blood tests: Many blood tests are ordered for factors that affect arteries, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, glucose, HbA1c (a measure of diabetic control) and other tests. Cardiac catheterization: This test involves inserting small tubes into the blood vessels of the heart to evaluate heart function including the presence of coronary artery disease.

13. How is coronary artery disease treated ? Lifestyle changes M edication

14. complications of coronary artery disease ? Angina. Heart attack. Heart rhythm problems. Heart failure. Cardiogenic shock. Sudden cardiac arrest .

15. Prevention Quit smoking. Control conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Stay physically active. Eat a low-fat, low-salt diet that's rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Maintain a healthy weight. Reduce and manage stress.

16. When to see a doctor If you think you're having a heart attack, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number. If you don't have access to emergency medical services, have someone drive you to the nearest hospital. Drive yourself only as a last option. If you have risk factors for coronary artery disease — such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, tobacco use, diabetes, obesity a strong family history of heart disease — talk to your doctor. Your doctor may want to test you for coronary artery disease, especially if you have signs or symptoms of narrowed arteries .

17. Conclusion Technically coronary artery disease can’t be cured. If you’ve been diagnosed with coronary artery disease, follow your healthcare provider’s treatment plan to help prevent your condition from getting worse. Your treatment plan may include procedures and surgery to increase the blood supply to your heart, lifestyle changes to target your risk factors and medications. If your coronary artery disease has led to a heart attack, your healthcare provider can recommend a cardiac rehabilitation program to reduce your risk of future heart problems, regain strength and improve the quality of your life.

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