Coronavirus

this presentation is prepared with the intention to create an insight about coronavirus among the undergraduate medical students in their pre and para clinical years

1. CORONAVIRUS Dr. SWATI SHIKHA Tutor, Dept. of PSM

2. Learning Objectives Background W hat is coronavirus S ituational update M ode of transmission C linical features Prevention treatment 2

3. Background Since december 8,2019: several cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology have been reported in wuhan , hubei province of china Most of these patients lived or worked around the seafood market where also live animals were sold In early stage, SARI symptoms occurred Few patients rapidly developed ARDS,acute respiratory failure and other complications 3

4. On january 7 th 2020, a novel coronavirus was identified by chinese centre for disease control and prevention from throat swab sample of a patient. 4

5. Introduction The coronaviruses ( CoVs ) commonly cause mild but occasionally more severe community-acquired acute respiratory infections in humans. Order : Nidovirales Family : Coronaviridae , T wo s u bf a m ili e s : C o ro nav irin a e a n d T o r o v iri n ae Genera Alphacoronavirus Betacoronavirus ( including SARS- CoV and the MERS- CoV , 2019n CoV ); G a m m a c o r on av ir u s Deltacoronavirus 5

6. Morphology Coronavirus term is derived from latin word corona meaning crown/halo : on electron microscopy, fringe of large bulbous surface projections- image of a royal crown Enveloped Non-segmented positive sense RNA viruses 20nm long club/petal shaped projections 6

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8. Mode of transmission Exact mode of transmission is still unknown Similar coronaviruses are known to spread from person to person among close contacts ( upto 6feets) via respiratory droplets produced while sneezing or coughing No evidence of sustained human to human transmission of nCOV It is unclear whether it can be transmitted by touching an infected object and then touching our eyes, mouth or nose. 8

9. Clinical features Appear 2-14 days after exposure Most common : Fever, cough, myalgia , fatigue, dyspnea Severe cases: Pneumonia, SARI, renal failure, death Rarely: diarrhea 9

10. Basic reproduction number (Ro) Ro is the average number of secondary cases produced by one infected individual introduced into a population of susceptible individuals, where an infected individual has acquired the disease, and susceptible individuals are healthy but can acquire the disease. For coronavirus , Ro = 1.4 – 2.5 Case fatality rate = 4% 10

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12. Situational update : WHO has declared the 2019-nCOV epidemic affecting 23 countries as international public health emergency of international concern. Till date, total of 14380 confirmed cases of nCOV have been reported from mainland china, this includes 2110 severe cases and 304 people have died so far. As on 3 rd feb 2020, 3 cases have been confirmed from kerela in India. United states has prepared themselves for coronavirus pandemic and declared as public health emergency. 12

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17. Advisory by GOI Self declaration form has been released by ministry of health and family welfare, GOI. FOR ALL TRAVELLERS ARRIVING from 2019-nCoV affected countries to be filled at the immigration counter at the airport itself. 17

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28. Treatment There is no specific treatment so far Symptomatic management is to be done A protease inhibitor drug – NELFINAVIR has cured the first case of wuhan COV in china. 28

29. Criteria for discharge Afebrile for > 24 hours Taking orally enough to maintain hydration Respiratory rate <24/min Pulse <100/min Systolic BP >90mmhg Oxygen saturation >90% at room air 29

30. THANK YOU for your kind attention 30