Corrugated fiberboard

This presentations covered Corrugated fiberboard which is used as material for secondary Pharmaceutical Packaging

1. Corrugated Fiberboard Dr. Anil Pethe

2. Corrugated fiberboard Most popular form of outer protection Comprises one or more sheets of fluted paper secured by an adhesive to two or more liners Recycled paper Stiffening agent Pre-printed shits may also be employed

3. Corrugator

4. Types of corrugated fiberboard Single wall Double wall Tripple wall

5. Structure of boards K, Kraft liner (outer) BK, bleached kraft liner T, test liner (inner) C, chipboard liner ( centre ) MK, mottled kraft liner WTK, white-topped Kraft liner SC, semi-chemically prepared board.

6. Grammage of corrugated fiberboard Expressed in grams per square meter (g/m 2 ), paper density is also known as grammage . This is the measure used in most parts of the world. Expressed in terms of the mass (expressed as weight) per number of sheets, it is known as basis weight. The grammage of corrugated flutting-112 g/m 2 (125, 150, 175 ) Liner- 115-400 g/m 2

7. Types of paper used for corrugated board V irgin – from agri. raw material eg . baggase , rice husk, bamboo, etc. Recycled - from paper garbage / waste. Paper products are made of long and short fibres. Long fibres come from soft wood. Short fibres come from hardwood. Long fibres give strength and flexibility - tensile, able to withstand tearing and bursting. Short fibres give stiffness, opacity, smoothness, etc.

8. Factors which influence the box strength requirements are: Protection requirements of product P roduct shape, size and weight D istribution hazards T otal journey and storage time.

9. The box strength & its performance depends upon: M aterials used – paper, adhesive P rocess of box mfg. B ox design.

10. Box Manufacture The corrugated board is creased or scored to provide controlled bending of the board. Most often, slots are cut to provide flaps on the box. The " Flexo Folder Gluer" is a machine that in one single pass prints, cuts, folds, and glues flat sheets of board to convert them to boxes

11. Closing of cases Gluing Large staples Adhesive tape Interlocking flaps

12. Closing of Cases Gluing , E ither hot melt or cold adhesive. This would only be used on cases where the inner flaps of the case protected the Product. Large staples Can be used, but they puncture the liners of the outside corrugation and can let in water to the corrugations; nevertheless they form a secure closure and are widely used. Water-based adhesive tape Where the adhesive is activated by wetting and this soaks into the outer liner of the case forming a strong closure, provided the relative humidity remains reasonably low. Not recommended for tropical markets where the high humidity makes paper taping a security risk.

13. Closing of Cases Pressure sensitive adhesive tape Probably the most used today. At least 50 mm tape is needed to form a positive bond with the surface of the liner and there needs to be a substantial overlap of tape over the join of the outer flaps. For this reason 50 mm or 2 inch tape is the most popular. Clear tape pressure sensitive adhesives are susceptible to UV light degradation. It therefore makes sense to incorporate UV blocking agent either into the plastic material or into the adhesive itself . Interlocking flaps may be used, but they are not considered to be a secure form of case closing . Specific hot melts are used for very hot and very cold climates.

14. Specification Corrugated fiberboard can be specified by the construction (single face, Single wall, Double wall, etc ), flute size , burst strength, edge crush stength , flat crush . basis weights of components (pounds per thousand square feet, grams per square meter, etc ), surface treatments and coatings, etc. TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) and ASTM (American society for testing & material) test methods for these are Standardized

15. Tests for Corrugated Fibers Moisture content Folding endurance Dimensions Burst strength Flat crush resistance Edge crush test Ring crush test Flat crush of corrugating medium

16. The moisture content Determination The moisture content of paper and paperboard is the quantity of water present and measurable in paper. The moisture content of corrugated fibreboard is determined by the oven-drying technique. The corrugated fibreboard is weighed before and after oven drying at 105°C. Results are quoted as a percentage (%) moisture content of the original or dry sample weight.

17. Folding Endurance In paper testing,  folding endurance  is defined as the number of  double folds  that are required to make a test piece break under standardized conditions The direction of the grain in relation to the folding line, the type of fibres used, the fibre contents, the calliper of the test piece, etc., as well as which type of folding tester that is used affect how many double folds a test piece can take.

18. Bursting Strength To measure the bursting strength of the board produced. Equipments : Bursting Tester Cutting Device

19. To determine the flat crush resistance of corrugated board used in the manufacture of packing cases. Equipments : Flat Crush Tester Circular Cutter Flat Crush Resistance Test

20. Edge Crush Resistance Test To determine the edgewise crush resistance of board. Equipments : Edge Crush Tester Parallel Cutter

21. T H A N K S