counseling skillsppt ppt ppt ppt pp .pdf

It is related to mental health.

1. Basic Counseling Skills
Presented by
Anupkumarsutradhar
B.Sc& M.S in Clinical Psychology, university of
Rajshahi
Former intern Clinical Psychologist (RMCH)
Trainee clinical Psychologist (NIMH)
Cell: 01701-081249

2. Basic counseling skills
The most important thing
in communication is to
hear what isn't being
said.
Peter Drucker

3. Counselling
The goal of counsellingis to help a person
tell their story
With effective listening skills you can assist a
person is communicating their thoughts and
feelings
When you understand where a person is
starting from, it is easier to help them reach
their goal.

4. Purpose of Presentation
To help participants understand the concept
and importance of counselling
To help participants understand the process
of counselling
To impart the skills of counselling
To help participants to be more aware of
using counsellingtechniques appropriately
and effectively

5. Basics of Counselling
Listening is not passive. It is
important to indicate that the person
is being heard.
Good counsellingskills means
listening before acting to solve
problems.

6. Basics of Counselling
Verbal listening skills
Show interest
Gather information
Encourage speaker to develop ideas
Communicate our understanding of ideas
Request clarification of understanding
Build the therapeutic alliance

7. Basics of Counselling
Listening skills
Using good verbal listening skills, you
increase the chances that :
You will understand what the other is
saying and they will understand you.
You will create a situation where you will
be able to develop a helping relationship.

8. Listening Skills
Ask open and closed questions
Use "encouragers"
Paraphrase what you have heard
Reflect on feeling
Summarize

9. Open Questions
Open questions
-Generally start with "what", "how", "why" or
"could
Questions serve to:
-Gather lots of general information
-Encourage discussion

10. Example: Open Questions
Counsellor: "How has the baby been
eating?"
Counsellor: "What is the bedtime
routine?"
Counsellor: "Could you tell me about
giving the baby medicine in the
morning?"

11. Closed Questions
Generally start with "is", "are", or "do"
Serve to:
Gather lots of specific information
quickly
Tend to close down discussion

12. Example: Closed Questions
Counsellor:"Are you giving the medicine
every day?"
Counsellor: "Is the baby able to tolerate
the medicine in the morning?"

13. Encouragers
Ex: "Yes, I understand" or repeat a
word or two of what was said
Serves to:
-Encourage further discussion.

14. Example: Encouragers
Patient: "I missed my appointment
last week because of transportation
problems.“
Counsellor: "Transportation
problems...?"

15. Differentiating
Understanding whether:
Is the person is asking for information or
is the person is expressing concern?
Example
Patient: “My daughter vomited the
medicine this morning.”
Counsellor: “Are you worried the
daughter is sick?”

16. paraphrasing
Briefly summarize the content of the
discussion
Reflective listening
Checkyourunderstanding
Showthatyouheardwhatwassaid
Acknowledge and accept feelings without
judging

17. Example of paraphrasing
Client: “I am worried that the medicine is
making my daughter sick”
Counsellor: “it sounds like you are worried
about how the daughter is reacting to the
medicine.”

18. Reflection of feelings
Focus on feelings ( stated and unstated)
Serves to :
Communicate understanding of emotions
When combined with a paraphrase,
confirms the accuracy of understanding
(“check out” the other person)
Encourage discussion of feelings

19. Example: Reflection of feelings
Client: “I don’t see many changes in
the daughter since I started the
medicine”
Counsellor: “It sounds like you are
worried that the medicine is not
helping the baby get better”.

20. Summarizations
Succinctly pull together ideas from a an
interview
Serves to:
Organize the structure of the
interview
Check the accuracy of understanding

21. Example: Summarizations
Counsellor: During the time we have had
together we have talked about issues with
giving the daughter medicine, problems
with transportation, and your worries
about the baby reacting the medicine and
getting better. Is that right?

22. Attend to nonverbal communication
Increase awareness of nonverbal
communications ( yours & theirs)
Notice body language –a person’s
stance, posture, physical tension
Acknowledge what you observe-be
open and candid.

23. Example: Nonverbal
communication
Counsellor: “you appear a little
uncomfortable . Is there something I can do
about that?”
Discussion point: what other examples of
non-verbal communication can you identify.

24. Nonverbal communication
Remember culture and context
Most nonverbal behaviors have
multiple meanings
Some nonverbal behaviors have
different meanings in different
cultures.

25. A Good Listener
Maintains eye contact
Makes few distracting movements
Leans forward, faces speaker
Has an open posture
Allows few interruptions
Signals interest with encouragers and
facial expression

26. Bad Listening
Makes little eye contact
Makes distracting movements
Faces away from speaker
Has a closed posture (ex: arm crossed)
Interrupts speaker
Does too many other things while
listening
Has a flat affect, speaks in a monotone,
gives few signals of interest

27. Influencing or changing
behavior

28. Influencing or changing
behavior
Directives
Reframes and interpretation
Advice
Feedback
Logical consequences

29. Directive
Tells a person what to do ( can be
direct or indirect)
Works best if clear and concrete
Serves to:
Move a person to take a specific act

30. Example: Directive
Client: “I am not sure when to take my
medicine”.
Counsellor: “you should take your medicine
once in the morning and once in the
evening”.

31. Reframing and interpretations
Attempts to replace an old,
maladaptive response with a newer,
more useful (Usually positive) one.
Serves to:
Increase insight and understanding
Shift emotional or intellectual
response

32. Example: Reframing and
interpretations
Client: “There is so much going on I don’t
think I can take my medicine”.
Counsellor: “sometimes you feel overwhelmed
and you are not sure that you can get
everything done so can take your medicine”.

33. Advice
Provides information to help client make a
decision. Can be very directive or less so
Serves to:
Share information that would be relevant for
a person’s decisions, actions, or
understanding
Disadvantages of advice
it’s often disempowering (you can’t solve this
on your own)
People may say (but not really mean) that
they want advice.

34. Example: Advice
Counsellor: “Try stirring the medicine
in milk and then giving it to the baby.”
Counsellor: “ Let me show you how to
swallow the pill.”
Counsellor: “Marking a calendar is a
good idea for keeping track of giving
medicine, and it will help you feel good
about giving every dose.”

35. Feedback
Gives information about how the person is
experienced by others
Serves to:
Help client see self more objectively ( as others see
him or her)
Feedback works best when
It is requested or desired
It is concrete
It is positive
If negative, it addresses something changeable or
controllable

36. Example: Feedback
Client: “Last week I gave almost all of
the doses of the medicine”.
Counsellor: “You have really worked
hard to make improvements in giving
the medicine. Let’s think about how
we can help you so that you give all of
the doses of medicine.”

37. Logical consequences
Focuses on the logical consequences of a
person’s behavior, actions, thoughts, or
feelings.
Serves to:
Increase awareness of consequences.

38. Example: Logical consequences
Client: “It is really hard to start the medicine,
and the side effects are really hard for the
baby.”
Counsellor: “If you can make it thorough the
first few weeks of taking the medicine than
the side effect will get better and the baby
will start to improve”.

39. Feedback

40. Thank you all…