Counselling and typesof counselling .ppt

counselling

1. GUIDANCE

2. GUIDANCE
Assistancegiventoindividualstomake
intelligentchoicesandadjustments
Integralpartofeducation
Promotesdevelopmentoftheabilityto
makeindependentdecisions

3. DEFINITION –STRANG
Guidanceisaprocessofhelpingeachindividual,
throughhisownefforts,
todiscoveranddevelophispotentialities
forhispersonalhappinessandsocialusefulness.

4. DEFINITION -MATHEWSON
Guidanceisthesystematicprocessofhelping
theindividualthrougheducationandinterpretive
procedures
togainabetterunderstandingofhisown
characteristicsandpotentialities
andtorelatehimselfmoresatisfactorilytosocial
requirementsandopportunities
inaccordwithsocialandmoralvalues.

5. NEED FOR GUIDANCE
Individualdifferinphysicalcapacities,emotional
characteristics,mentalprocesses,personality
traits,abilities,interest,achievement,etc.
Theirrequirementsandneedsaredifferent.
Societycanprogressifindividualsfindplacesin
theoccupational,civicandsocialorderwhere
theycancontributetheirbestforthewelfareof
selfandothers.

6. AIMS OF GUIDANCE
Developmentofpersonalpotentialities
Orientationtoeducationalandvocational
opportunitiesandrequirements
Adjustmenttovarioussituations

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GUIDANCE PROGRAMME
Supportingpersonalgrowthandselfdirection
Processofhelpingtobringaboutchanges
Helpinginmakingappropriateeducational,
vocationalandpersonalchoices
Organizedandstructured

8. PRINCIPLES –HOLLIS AND HOLLIS
1.Thedignityofanindividualissupreme.
2.Everyindividualisunique.
3.Thesocialsettingoftheindividualisvery
important.

9. PRINCIPLES –HOLLIS AND HOLLIS
4.Attitudesandcognitionsofanindividual
determinehiscourseofaction.
5.Theindividualtriestoenhancehisperceived
self.
6.Everyindividualhastheabilitytolearnandcan
behelpedtomakechoices.

10. PRINCIPLES –HOLLIS AND HOLLIS
7.Theguidanceprocessshouldbe
continuousstartingfromchildhood
throughadulthood.
8.Eachindividualmightneedpersonalized
assistance,givenbestbyaprofessional.

11. KINDS OF GUIDANCE
Social
Moral
Marital
Personal
Educational
Vocational

12. COUNSELLING

13. DEFINITION -Wren
Counsellingisadynamicandpurposefulrelationship
betweentwopeople
whoapproachmutuallydefinedproblemswithmutual
considerationforeachother
totheendthattheyoungerorlessmature,ormore
troubledofthetwo
isaidedinmakingaself–determinedresolutionofhis
problem

14. Definition -Blocker
Counsellingishelpinganindividual
becomeawareofhimselfand
thewaysinwhichheisreacting
tothebehaviouralinfluencesofhisenvironment
Itfurtherhelpshimtoestablishsomepersonal
meaningforthisbehaviourand
todevelopandclarifyasetofgoalsandvalues
forfuturebehaviour

15. CHARACTERISTICS
Counsellingisaprofessionwithahistory
andsetofstandardsdistinctfromother
relateddisciplineslikesocialworkand
psychiatry.
Itisanactivity,whichinvolvesworking
withrelativelynormalpeoplewhoare
experiencingdevelopmental,emotional
andadjustmentproblems.

16. CHARACTERISTICS
Itinvolvesarelationshipbetweentwo
individuals–thecounsellorandcounselee.
Ithasamultidimensionalaspect,whichis
concernedabouthumanfeelings,thoughts
andbehavioursalongwithemphasison
past,presentandfutureofanindividual.

17. CHARACTERISTICS
Ithelpsthecounseleetoacquire
independentopinionandasenseof
responsibility.
Ithelpsthecounseleetoutilizehis
potentialitiestotheoptimum.

18. CHARACTERISTICS
Itenablesthecounseleetocomeoutof
hisimmediatedifficulties.
Itprovidesemotionalsupporttothe
counselee.

19. CHARACTERISTICS
Itformsapurposefullearningexperience
forthecounselee.
Itisstructuredaroundtheneedsofthe
client.
Itplacesemphasisonselfdirectionand
selfacceptance

20. PRINCIPLES
Helpstheclientdecideuponcourseof
action
Enablesclientformulatehisownopinion
ratherthansupplyingittohim–voluntary,
informeddecision
Thinkingwithclientratherthanforclient

21. PRINCIPLES
Tailor-madetosuitclientrequirements
Developstrustandfocusesonclientneeds
Enhancesgrowthandlearning
Maintainsdignityofclient

22. PRINCIPLES
Listeningisthebasisofcounselling
relationship
Skillsaremoreimportantthantechniques
Counsellingcanbelearnedthrough
experience,practiceandtraining

23. COUNSELLING SERVICES
Orientationservice–awareness/guidance
Appraisalservice–recordmaintenance
Informationservice–occupation/career
Counsellingservice–selfacceptance

24. COUNSELLING SERVICES
Planning/placement/follow-upservice
Researchandevaluation

25. COUNSELLING SERVICES
Developmental–growth/goals/values
Preventive–preparationforfailures
/delays
Facilitative–remedial/adjustive
Crisis–dealingwithconflict/loss

26. APPROACHES
DirectiveCounselling
Non–DirectiveCounselling
EclecticCounselling

27. APPROACHES -DIRECTIVE
Williamson–counselorasmoreimportant
Widelyusedinclinicalpsychology
Counselorprovidesdirectioninfinding
solutions–problemsolvingapproach

28. APPROACHES -DIRECTIVE
Counselorassumesinitiativeand
majorresponsibilityforproblem
identificationandresolution–active
role
Approachisusefulincaseswhere
peopleincrisisturntothosethey
considerwiserormoreexperienced

29. APPROACHES –NON DIRECTIVE
Rogers–Eachpersonhasabilityto
become‘selfactualized’-clientcentered
Counselorprovidesenvironmentforclients
tosolvetheirownproblems
Counselorplaysapassiveroleandguides
withoutforcingtheclient

30. APPROACHES –NON DIRECTIVE
Allowsclienttotalkoutproblems–
ventilatefeelings
Resolvesdifficultieswithminimum
direction
Clientexploresandanalyzesproblemand
devisesapersonalsolution
Acceptingandnonjudgementalattitude

31. APPROACHES -ECLECTIC
Commonsenseapproach
Providingtherapyandtechniquestosuit
clientneedsandpersonality
Synthesisandcombinationofdirectiveand
nondirectivecounselling

32. APPROACHES -ECLECTIC
Counselorfollowsamiddlepath–neither
tooactivenortoopassive
Counselormaystartwithdirectiveand
switchtonondirective,orviceversa,as
required

33. PROBLEM SOLVING
Identifyingexistingproblemandtaking
correctivesteps
Realizingstrengthsandweaknesses
Settingrealisticgoals
Makingeffectiveadjustments

34. PROBLEM SOLVING -STEPS
1.Problemidentification
2.Analysisofproblem
3.Hypothesizingprobablecauses
4.Gatheringdatausingappropriatetools
5.Arrivingatactualcauses
6.Decidingandimplementingstrategies
7.Verification
8.Followup

35. STAGES OF COUNSELLING
1.Establishingrelationship
2.Assessment
3.Goalsetting
4.Interventions
5.Terminationandfollow-up

36. TOOLS FOR COLLECTING
INFORMATION
Nontestingtools
Interview
Observation
Anecdotalrecords
Cumulative record card
Psychologicaltests
Problemchecklist
Ratingscales
Personality/interest/
attitudetests
Ability/achievement/
aptitudetests

37. ATTRIBUTES OF A COUNSELLOR
Unconditional positive
regard
Empathy
Warmth
Genuineness
Unambiguousness
Trustworthy
Self awareness and
understanding
Good psychological health
Open-minded
Approachable
Sensitive
Objective

38. SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE
COUNSELLING
Active listening
Respect
Acceptance
Non-judgmental
Paraphrasing speech
Reflecting feelings
Clarification
Reassurance
Identification
Structuring
Persuasion
Questioning
Interpretation
Suggestions
Criticism
Confrontation

39. TYPES OF COUNSELLING
Individual
Marriage
Family
Child
School
Personal
Interpersonal
Group
Grief
Health

40. ISSUES IN NURSING
Students
Tutors
Staff
Academic
Vocational
Social
Family
Interpersonal
Conflicts
Burn out