Counselling_MSC.ppt counselling by bk course

Om shanti

1. Counseling
We together can make things better
Every problem has a solution
There is always a ray of hope

2. What is Counseling
A form of interviewing which helps to
understand themselves more completely
so that one may correct an internal or
environmental or adjustmental difficulty.

3. Counseling helps

4. Scope of counseling
•Clinical Counseling - Psychotherapy, Dealing with
complex mental disorders like self destructive tendencies,
Compulsive disorders, Personality defects, Chronic Mental
illness, anxiety neurosis, etc.
•Health Counseling - Critical illness, Dealing with Phobias,
Anxiety, Mild depressions, Overcoming addictions, etc.
•Educational and Career Counseling - Choosing
Vocations, and professions, overcoming examination fears.

5. Scope of counseling
•Crisis Counseling - Accidental crisis, death of near & dear, Emotional
crisis, Developmental crisis, Natural calamities, dealing with shocking
news
•Family Counseling - Adjustment problems, Generation Gaps, Child-
parent issues, Pre marital and post marital issues,
•Personality issues - Addictive Negative approach, Habituated
Criticizing, superiorities, inferiorities, behaviors, ego, anger, uncontrolled
emotions
•Organizational Counseling - Job satisfaction, Skill development,
Training, employee retention.
•Social Counseling –
•Professional Counseling – legal, medical, professional advise, etc.

6. Counseling Process-
Stages of Counseling
Problem Identification
•Problem definition
•Analysis of the problem
•Specifications of change
•Goal setting
•Relationship establishment
•Implementing techniques
•Procedures for change
•Recording
•Termination
•Evaluation

7. •Introduction, Information Gathering, Discussion,
Conclusion, Goal setting, Action plan, Homework.
•Active Listening “listen for meaning”. with empathy, acceptance
and genuineness.
•Encouraging Body Language - communication is 55% body
language, 38% tone and 7% words.
•Asking Questions - Open Ended and Closed Questions - help a
person open up or close them down.
•Good Tone - person may not remember what was said, but they
will remember how you made them feel!
•Paraphrasing - restate what the speaker said - conveying empathy,
acceptance, confirmation.
•Facilitating Catharsis - release of pent up emotions
•Summarizing - focus on the main points to highlight them.
•Note Taking - writing down pieces of information .
Counseling - Sample Session

8. Personal characteristics of
a counselor
Empathy-
•Warmth-
•Genuineness-
•Trustworthiness and dependability
•Confidentiality
•Unconditional positive regard
•Concreteness-
•A sense of humor-
•A sense of the tragic-
•Self awareness-
•Personal Moral qualities
•Justice-

9. Skills needed for counseling
•Communication- Giving Information
•Active Listening- Focusing
•Leading- Making Suggestions
•Summarizing- Mediating
•Confrontation-
•Challenging -
•Interpretation and Information-
•Therapeutic skills
•Guidance-
•Reassurance-
•Persuasion-
•Confession, catharsis - release of pent up emotions
•Supporting - Developing self dependence
•Rewarding and negotiating

10. Dealing with Specific situations-
•Crying -
•Dominating -
•Negative behavior -
•Silent -
•Hostile - aggressive
•Prejudiced - pre opinionated
•Insensitive -
•Destructive members/situations
•Transference- Strong positive or negative
feelings towards the therapist
•Resistance- unconscious prevention of
repressed impulses being revealed

11. Counseling Types
•Supportive
•Persuasion
•Pressure and compulsion
•Reassurance
•Environmental manipulation
•Suggestive hypnosis
•Muscular relaxation
•Insight therapies
•Non Directive approaches
-client centered counseling-
•Directive approaches-
Forcing conformity
-changing the environment
-changing attitudes

12. Counseling Techniques
•Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy( REBT)-
•Cognitive Behavior Modification(CBM)
•Techniques based on Classical & operant
conditioning - Behavioral
–Systematic Desensitization-
–Aversive technique -
–Reinforcement -
–Extinction -
–Observational learning

13. Counseling Theories
•Client Centered (Rogerian) counseling, the
counselor provides the growth-promoting climate and the client
is then free and able to discover and grow as she / he wants
and needs to.
•Holistic Health (Biopsychosocial) asserts that we have
physical, intellectual, social, emotional, vocational and spiritual
needs.
•Strengths Based counseling focuses on what is going right in
a person’s life. The counselor and client work together to find
past and present successes and use these to address current
and future challenges.
•Positive Thinking or Learned Optimism, is about learning a
positive perspective – focusing on what can go right.

14. Counseling Theories
•Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ABC Method)
could be described as “as I think, so I feel (and do)!” In any given
situation you have:
A. Activating Event –client’s immediate interpretations of the event
B. Beliefs about the event – this evaluation can be rational or
irrational
C. Consequences – how you feel and what you do or other thoughts
•Solution Focused Therapy (Where do I want to
be?!) focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy
rather than on the problem(s) that made them seek help.

15. Don’t Worry – Be Happy
Together we can make this world
a better place to live in.

16. Speak to yourself –
you are your best friend.