Course Pack 05_Business Research Methods.pptx

This PPT serves as a guide on how to conduct business research. It is a detailed approach on how to apply and fully understand what business research is.

1. Research Methodology Mechelle D. Balboa, MBA Faculty, Business Administration

2. Research Methodology It is a detailed outline of how an investigation will take place. It includes how data are to be collected, what instruments will be employed, how instruments will be used, and the intended means for analyzing the data collected. Research Design Framework for a study ; It lays out all of the details of the study, such as where the data should come from, how much money should be set aside for it, what measuring techniques should be used, and how the data should be collected.

3. Descriptive Research Design – commonly used. It would just need minimal explanation and no statistical testing Corre lational Research Design - A correlational research design investigates relationships between two variables (or more) without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them . It's a non-experimental type of quantitative research. example: go to a shopping mall to ask people about their attitudes toward the environment and their shopping habits and then assess the relationship between these two variables Causal Research Design - identifies the extent and nature of cause-and-effect relationships between two or more variables . It's often used by companies to determine the impact of changes in products, features, or services process on critical company metrics. Research Design

4. Identifying Variables Variable – as a quantity or a “characteristic that has two or more mutually exclusive va lues of properties”. Independent variables – stand-alone, however, variables whose changes have an effect on another variable Dependent variables – when there are two variables in a study and the values of one change in reaction to the values of the other

5. Illustration Educational Qualification Independent Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Age, Sex, Civil Status, Experiences, Socio-economic Status, Values, etc. Performance

6. Exploratory Research Survey – questionnaire collects information from a group of people Secondary Data – examination of previously collected data Case Analysis – obtains knowledge from one or a few similar scenarios to the problem situation Focus group – in-depth interview Projective technique – indirect method of interrogating respondents. Observation technique – respondents are observed Experiments – cause and effect relationships Design Concept

7. 2. Historical Research – a study that examines events from distant or recent past. Phenomenological research is an inductive, descriptive research method derived from phenomenological philosophy to describe and experience as it is experienced by a person 3. Descriptive Research – it describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon studied. This methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject than the “why” of the research subject. Design Concept

8. Research design Sources of Information – from whom or where will information about the topic of the study be obtained Techniques or instruments Primary – draw information primarily from individuals who can convey their direct experience in relation to the topic ( ie . Interview, questionnaires, and direct observation) Secondary 4. Tools for data analysis – use of statistical techniques Identification of the Research Methodology

9. 1. Determine the goals, resources and deadlines The researchers must agree on the survey objectives, what information the survey will collect, budget and timeframe 2. Decide on how you will administer the questionnaire Researchers can conduct the surveys using the internet, mail, phone, or face-to-face interviews 3. Decide on the format of the questions Open-ended questions, closed-ended (provide the respondent with set of options), multiple choice questions, scaled response questions Steps in Formulating Survey Instruments

10. 4. Writing Clear Questions Questions are written in a straightforward manner. Jargons should be avoided. 5. Designing the Question Flow Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Initial Respondent Screening Part 3: Warmup Questions Part 4: Transition into more detailed questions Part 5: Farewell Steps in Formulating Survey Instruments

11. 6. Questionnaire Evaluation Is the question necessary? Is the questionnaire too long? Will the questionnaire provide all the needed information? 7. Obtain approval from the client 8. Test the questionnaire and revise it 9. Prepare Final Questionnaire Copy and Layout 10. Field Questionnaire Steps in Formulating Survey Instruments

12. Methods of Data Collection Primary Secondary Collection of Primary Data Questionnaire Observation Interview Experimentation Collection of Data

13. Formative Assessment Watch the documentary and answer the following: What is the research design in the documentary? 2. What are the variables of the study? 3. What are the research instruments used? 4. How was the data collected?

14. Formative Assessment Watch the documentary and answer the following: What is the research design in the documentary? 2. What are the variables of the study? 3. What are the research instruments used? 4. How was the data collected? ANSWER: 1. Qualitative Research / Ethnographic Design 2. Variables of the Study 3. Interview Questionnaire 4. Interview; Observation INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT Life conditions of the Inventor / Researcher Better Opportunity in Life Adversity in Life Creativity Ability to invent or create