Covid 19

a power point presentation on corona virus

1. COVID - 19 SUBJECT : GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PRESENTED BY: -DHANYA K (Roll No:5024) DATE : 17/10/2020

2. CONTENT Classification Introduction Corona Virus SARS and MERS Transmission Replication Life span Symptoms Spreading Structure Prevention

3. CLASSIFICATION OF CORONA VIRUS Kingdom : Orthornavirae Phylum : Pisuviricota Class : Pisoniviricetes Order : Nidovirales Family : Coronaviridae Subfamily: Orthocoronavirinae Genera : Alphacoronavirus Synonyms: Coronavirinae

4. INTRODUCTION The name "corona virus" is derived from Latin  corona , meaning "crown" or "wreath"  The name was coined by June Almeida and  David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human corona viruses The scientific name  Corona virus  was accepted as a genus name by the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses The scientific name  Corona virus  was accepted as a genus name by the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses The common name corona virus is used to refer to any member of the subfamily  Orthocoronavirinae

5. CORONA VIRUS Corona virus commonly called as covid 19 is a pandemic disorder which was first identified on December 2019 in Wuhan, china. Corona virus are believed to cause a significant percentage of all common cold in human adults. Corona virus primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. A  corona virus  is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Four to five different currently known strains of corona virus infect humans and the most publicized human corona virus is SARS.

6. Corona virus are a family of viruses that includes the common cold, SARS and MERS. The most recent covid-19 outbreak involves a new strain that previously had not been identified in humans. It also causes infection in nose ,sinuses ,or upper throat. Covid 19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can trigger the respiratory tract and cause infection. It can affect our upper respiratory tract referred as sinuses , nose and throat or the lower respiratory track referred to as windpipe and lungs.

7. SARS and MERS Research evidence suggests that SARS- CoV and MERS- CoV originated in bats, and it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 did as well . SARS- CoV then spread from infected civets to people, while MERS-CoV spreads from infected dromedary camels to people . Scientists are trying to determine how SARS-CoV-2 spread from an animal reservoir to people . SARS- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome MERS- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome COVID -19 is the advance form of the syndromes SARS and MERS. As they are also called as SARS- CoV and MERS- CoV.

8. TRANSMISSION

9. REPLICATION OF CORONA VIRUS

10. LIFE SPAN

11. SYMPTOMS Fever Coughing Shortness of breath Trouble breathing Fatigue Chills , sometimes with shaking Body aches Head ache Sore throat Congession / running nose Loss of smell and taste Nausea Diarrhea Ongoing chest pain or pressure New confusion Can’t wake up fully Bluish lips or face

12. The most common symptoms among the people according to the researches of china are : Fever - 99 % Fatigue - 70 % Cough - 59 % Lack of appetite - 40 % Body aches - 35 % Shortness of breath - 31 % Mucus / phlegm - 27 % Some people whoa are hospitalized for COVID -19 also had dangerous blood clotting in their legs , lungs, and arteries.

13. SERIOUS IMPACT OF COVID -19 IN THE FOLLOWING CASES: Chronic kidney disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) A weakened immune system because of an organ transplant Obesity Serious heart conditions such as heart failure or coronary artery disease Sickle cell disease Type 2 diabetes Moderate to severe asthma Thalassemia Type 1 diabetes

14. Diseases that affect your blood vessels and blood flow to your brain Cystic fibrosis High blood pressure A weakened immune system because of a blood or bone marrow transplant, HIV, or medications like corticosteroids Dementia Liver disease Pregnancy Damaged or scarred lung tissue (pulmonary fibrosis) Smoking

15. SPREADING OF CORONA VIRUS SARS-CoV-2, the virus, mainly spreads from person to person. Most of the time, it spreads when a sick person coughs or sneezes . They can spray droplets as far as 6 feet away. If you breathe them in or swallow them, the virus can get into your body . Some people who have the virus don't have symptoms, but they can still spread the virus. You can also get the virus from touching a surface or object the virus is on, then touching your mouth, nose, or possibly your eyes. 

16. STRUCTURE They are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of zoonotic origin. They are spherical to pleomorphic particles, measuring between 80 and 160 nm in length. SARS CoV-2 contains four structural proteins, namely envelope (E), spike (S), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The S, M, and E proteins together form the envelope of the virus. The M protein is the most abundant, mostly responsible for the shape of the envelope . The E protein is the smallest structural protein.

17. Although N protein is largely involved in processes relating to the viral genome, it is also involved in other aspects of the CoV replication cycle (assembly and budding) and the host cellular response to viral infection. Polymers of S proteins remain embedded in the envelope giving it a crown-like appearance, thus the name  corona virus . N proteins remain associated with the RNA forming a nucleocapsid inside the envelope. The S and M proteins are also the transmembrane proteins that are involved in virus assembly during replication.

18. PREVENTION   Clean your hands often using soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand rub. Maintain a safe distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing. Wear a mask when physical distancing is not possible. Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth. Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention.

19. REFERENCE   World Health Organization, Clinical management of COVID-19 interim guidance 2020 [internet publication ].   National Institutes of Health , Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines 2020 [internet publication ].     Colaneri M, Sacchi P, Zuccaro V, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020 .  

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