Covid 19 and effect on mental health of patient

Ppt for covid

1. COVID-19

2. Presentation Flow

3. 3 COVID – 19 Introduction

4. COVID – 19: Introduction COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.  https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses as assessed on 05/05/2020 4

5. Coronaviruses Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses People around the globe are frequently infected with various human coronaviruses Example: SARS- CoV , MERS- CoV , and the recently identified 2019 - nCoV 2 Habibzadeh P, Stoneman EK. The novel coronavirus: A bird's eye view. Int J Occup Environ Med 2020; 11 :65-71 5

6. 2019 31 Dec 2020 13 Jan 2020 11 Feb 2020 17 Feb 2020 11 Mar Reported to WHO 1 st case outside of China Declared as public health emergency by WHO Disease named as COVID-19 by WHO Guidance on mass gatherings Declared as Pandemic by WHO Initiation of Nationwide lockdown in India COVID – 19: Timeline of the key events https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen as assessed on 05/05/2020 6 1 st Case in India 2020 25 th Mar 2020 30 Jan

7. COVID – 19 Symptoms & Spread 7

8. COVID – 19: Symptoms Symptoms may appear  2-14 days after exposure   to the virus If you develop symptoms, seek medical care immediately As per ICMR about 80% of cases confirmed in India are asymptomatic https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses as assessed on 05/05/2020 8 Most common Less common Serious Fever Aches and pains Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Dry cough Headache Chest pain or pressure Tiredness Sore throat Loss of speech or movement.  Diarrhea Red or irritated eyes including conjunctivitis Loss of taste or smell A ra sh on skin or discolouration of fingers or toes.

9. How does COVID-19 spread? The disease can spread from person to person through droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The droplets generally do not travel more than a few feet, and they fall to the ground (or onto surfaces) in a few seconds COVID 9 Information Booklet . AIIMS COVID PORTAL. https://covid.aiims.edu/covid-9-information-booklet/ (accessed 05/05/2020); https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses as accessed on 05/05/2020 Hence, it is important to Stay at least 1 metre (3 feet) away from others Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or clean with 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizer

10. How long can the virus that causes COVID-19 live on surfaces? According to a recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine , SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can live in the air and on surfaces between several hours and several days. The study found that the virus is viable for up to 72 hours on plastics, 48 hours on stainless steel, 24 hours on cardboard, and 4 hours on copper. It is also detectable in the air for three hours. Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Mar 17. * Researchers used nebulizer to stimulate coughing or sneezing, and found that the virus became an aerosol

11. Stages of transmission of COVID-19 Stage 1 : seen in those who have travelled abroad recently. Stage 2 : Local transmission- infection passed by traveller to close contacts/ household members Stage 3 : Community transmission- source of infection cannot be traced Stage 4 : Epidemic- rapid spread to large number of people within a short period of time . https://www.icmr.nic.in/node/39071 as accessed on 30/03/2020 11 As per ICMR & MoHFW we have been able to contain COVID – 19 so far in Stage 2 of transmission

12. COVID – 19 Infection: Any High Risk Group for Severe Infection? https://www.mohfw.gov.in/   as assessed on 05/05/2020 12

13. 13 COVID – 19 Management

14. COVID – 19: What happens to a person who develops the disease? Majority of the people (80%) will require no treatment as such and will recover on their own. A small proportion (<20%) may need hospitalization. A very small proportion (mainly with underlying chronic illness) may need admission in intensive care unit (ICU) COVID 9 Information Booklet . AIIMS COVID PORTAL. https://covid.aiims.edu/covid-9-information-booklet/ (accessed 05/05/2020 ).

15. COVID – 19: When & Whom should I consult? COVID 9 Information Booklet . AIIMS COVID PORTAL. https://covid.aiims.edu/covid-9-information-booklet/ (accessed 05/05/2020) You should consult your family physician if: You are having clinical symptoms of a coronavirus infection as discussed before If you come in contact with confirmed laboratory covid-19 case, you can contact helpline numbers. Call the State Helpline Number (or) Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India's 24x7 helpline i.e. 011-23978046 and Toll Free No: 1075

16. COVID – 19: Who should get tested?? 16 Source: MOHFW

17. COVID – 19: What are the tests for covid-19 Real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) Rapid test, detects antigen oro - and nasopharyngeal swabs taken Results within 30mins- 1hr India is currently employing this test Rapid diagnostic tests based on host antibody detection (WHO does not recommend) Possible in only in recovery phase Possible chance of false positive results 17 https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19 as accessed on 07/05/2020

18. COVID – 19: What is the treatment? No drugs or other therapeutics are presently approved by the DCGI to prevent or treat COVID-19 Current clinical management includes Infection prevention Supportive care, including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support when indicated COVID 9 Information Booklet . AIIMS COVID PORTAL. https://covid.aiims.edu/covid-9-information-booklet/ (accessed 05/05/2020); https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html as assessed on 05/05/2020 In any case, if you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing seek medical care early to reduce the risk of developing a more severe infection DO NOT SELF–MEDICATE

19. 19 COVID – 19 Mental health

20. Outbreaks can be stressful The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be stressful for people. Stress during an infectious disease outbreak can include Fear and worry about your own health and the health of your loved ones Changes in sleep or eating patterns Difficulty sleeping or concentrating Worsening of chronic health problems Worsening of mental health conditions Increased use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs

21. Everyone reacts differently to stressful situations How you respond to the outbreak can depend on your background, the things that make you different from other people, and the community you live in. People who may respond more strongly to the stress of a crisis include Older people and people with chronic diseases who are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 Children and teens People who are helping with the response to COVID-19 , like doctors, other health care providers, and first responders People who have mental health conditions including problems with substance use

22. Know the facts to help reduce stress Understanding the risk to yourself and people you care about can make an outbreak less stressful. Learn and share the facts about COVID-19 and help stop the spread of rumors. When you share accurate information about COVID-19, you can help make people feel less stressed, make a connection with them, and help stop stigma.

23. Handling Social isolation Staying at home can be quite nice for some time, but can also be boring and restricting. Here are some ways to keep positive and cheerful. Be busy. Have a regular schedule. Help in doing some of the work at home. Distract yourself from negative emotions by listening to music, reading, watching shows. Rediscover your hobbies. Be physically active. Elderly people may feel confused, lost and need help. Offer them help by getting them what they need, their medicines, daily needs etc. If you have children at home, keep them busy by allowing them to help in the household chores - make them feel responsible and acquire new skills. Focus on facts, reject rumours and theories

24. Focus on facts, reject rumours and theories Knowledge is power; the more you know about a certain issue, the less fearful you may feel. Do not follow sensational news or social media posts which may impact your mental state. Do not spread or share any unverified news or information further. Do not keep discussing all the time about who got sick and how. Stick to the known advice- hand hygiene and keeping a physical distance from others. Follow etiquette of sneezing, coughing, avoiding spitting in public places etc

25. Handling emotional problems At times of anxiety, practice breathing slowly for a few minutes. Try and distance the thoughts that are making you anxious. When feeling angry and irritated, calming your mind, counting back from 10 to 1, distracting yourself helps. Feeling lonely or sad is also quite common. Stay connected with others. Communication can help you to connect with family and friends. Call up people whom you haven’t spoken to and surprise them. If any of these emotions persist continuously for several days, despite your trying to get out of it, talk about it with someone or get medical professional help

26. Recognize mental health problems in your near and dear ones Just as you can recognize your own mental health problems, be sensitive to such problems in your near and dear ones, which may include: Changes in sleep patterns Difficulty in sleeping and concentrating Worsening of health problems Increased use of alcohol, tobacco or drugs

27. For parents Children and teens react, in part, on what they see from the adults around them. When parents and caregivers deal with the COVID-19 calmly and confidently, they can provide the best support for their children. Parents can be more reassuring to others around them, especially children, if they are better prepared.

28. Watch for behavior changes in your child Not all children and teens respond to stress in the same way. Some common changes to watch for include Excessive crying or irritation in younger children Excessive worry or sadness Unhealthy eating or sleeping habits Irritability and “acting out” behaviors in teens Poor school performance or avoiding school Difficulty with attention and concentration Avoidance of activities enjoyed in the past Unexplained headaches or body pain Use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs

29. Tips for teachers Sharing accurate information and science-based facts about COVID-19 will help diminish students’ fears and anxieties around the disease. Make sure to listen to students’ concerns and answer their questions. Emphasize that students can do a lot to keep themselves and others safe. (introduce the concept of social distancing, and focus on good health behaviours , such as covering coughs and sneezes with the elbow and washing hands.) Encourage students to confront and prevent stigma.

30. Tips to combat mental issues during COVID-19 Keep informed Listen to advice and recommendations from your national and local authorities. Follow trusted news channels, such as local and national TV and radio, and keep up-to-date with the latest news from @WHO on social media.

31. Tips to combat mental issues during COVID-19 Keep up with daily routines as far as possible, or make new ones. Get up and go to bed at similar times every day. Keep up with personal hygiene. Eat healthy meals at regular times. Exercise regularly. Allocate time for working and time for resting. Make time for doing things you enjoy.

32. Tips to combat mental issues during COVID-19 Minimize newsfeeds. Try to reduce how much you watch, read or listen to news that makes you feel anxious or distressed. Seek the latest information at specific times of the day, once or twice a day if needed. Social contact is important. If your movements are restricted, keep in regular contact with people close to you by telephone and online channels.

33. Tips to combat mental issues during COVID-19 Alcohol and drug use. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink or don’t drink alcohol at all. Avoid using alcohol and drugs as a way of dealing with fear, anxiety, boredom and social isolation. There is no evidence of any protective effect of drinking alcohol for viral or other infections. In fact, the opposite is true as the harmful use of alcohol is associated with increased risk of infections and worse treatment outcomes. And be aware that alcohol and drug use may prevent you from taking sufficient precautions to protect yourself again infection, such as compliance with hand hygiene.

34. Tips to combat mental issues during COVID-19 Screen time. Be aware of how much time you spend in front of a screen every day. Make sure that you take regular breaks from on-screen activities. Video games. While video games can be a way to relax, it can be tempting to spend much more time on them than usual when at home for long periods. Be sure to keep the right balance with off-line activities in your daily routine. Social media. Use your social media accounts to promote positive and hopeful stories. Correct misinformation wherever you see it.

35. Don’t discriminate Fear is a normal reaction in situations of uncertainty. But sometimes fear is expressed in ways which are hurtful to other people. Remember: Be kind. Don’t discriminate against people because of your fears of the spread of COVID-19. Don’t discriminate against people who you think may have coronavirus. Don’t discriminate against health workers. Health workers deserve our respect and gratitude. COVID-19 has affected people from many countries. Don’t attribute it to any specific group.

36. Building Resilience

37. The 4 pillars of building resilience A strong foundation: Knowing your core personal values Personal power: Building on your strengths Focus: Learning to prioritize long-term goals and immediate actions Wellness: Physical and mental health practices

38. A strong foundation: Knowing your core personal values The first pillar to focus on when building resilience is a personal alignment system, based on your core values and beliefs. Often when everything goes wrong, we have to make tough decisions on how best to move forward. For eg , in a financial crisis, you may have to choose whether to stay in your home or move to a more affordable city. You may wonder whether you should drop your plans to launch a new business and focus on keeping a secure job. If you have a rock-solid grip on your core values, these decisions become much less fraught. If community and family are high on your list of values, those factors would be the most important in choosing where to live. Being able to navigate confidently through decisions, big and small, contributes to an overall sense of self-efficacy. Instead of feeling helpless when change is forced upon you, simply remind yourself of what’s most important.

39. Personal power: Building on your strengths Resiliency requires the strength to endure hardships without breaking and to take action, solving problems as they arise. One way to feel strong and in control of your life is to recognize and use your innate set of core strengths. When you are working in domains where you are naturally strong, you will always feel more effective and authentic. Everyone has some areas where they feel in control, where things feel effortless. And on the other hand, we all have areas where we struggle, hesitate, and feel inferior. Your sense of power is linked to how much time and effort you invest in your strongest areas. And, when one creates a life around their strengths, they greatly increase their ability to bend but not break.

40. Focus: Learning to prioritize long-term goals and immediate actions Learn how to prioritize  Doing only what matters most & eliminating all the other stuff means you aren’t trying to manage too much, and you can remain flexible yet keenly clear and focused. During any period of change, focus is what keeps you moving forward. Despite the fear and doubt that are inevitably part of a transformation, focusing on the steps you need to take each day keeps you grounded. This kind of focus is a huge advantage in times of crisis. It enables you to manage your energy and time, and to refocus your life around your immediate priorities. There are always actions you can take to help weather the storm and to rebuild after things fall apart. Focusing on those, instead of flailing in all directions, will help you bounce back stronger than ever.

41. Wellness: Physical and mental health practices Finally, a strong foundation can’t be built without paying attention to your physical body — and that includes your brain. Long term stress takes a huge toll on both physical wellness and mental health. It’s a toxic state to live in.Practicing breathing techniques is one of the most accessible ways to counteract stress & also include - Physical activity : Exercise releases feel-good chemicals in the body that can help you get back into a positive state of mind. Sleep : Get enough sleep .You will be better able to cope & solve problem, if you are well-rested. Nutrition:  Avoiding the negative effects of poor nutrition and lack of hydration is key to maintaining a healthy body. If you are isolated at home due to circumstances beyond your control, use technology to keep conversations going but make time to connect with friends, family

42. 45 COVID – 19 How to Series

43. Steps for hands wash (Do it for 20-40 seconds) Source: MOHFW

44. How to use Hand Rub (Sanitizer)? 47 Source: MOHFW

45. How to Wear A Mask? Source: MOHFW

46. 49 COVID – 19 Do’s & Don’ts

47. COVID – 19: Ensure to Follow Social Distancing Source: MOHFW

48. COVID – 19: Ensure to Practice Hand Hygiene Source: MOHFW

49. COVID – 19: Ensure to Practice Respiratory Hygiene Source: MOHFW

50. COVID – 19: Do’s and Don’ts Source: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/Poster_Corona_ad_Eng.pdf

51. COVID – 19: Practical Tips Social distancing norms to be followed while waiting for Doctor Use of face mask and sanitizer is necessary. Wash your hands frequently with sanitizer or with soap and water. No pillion riding with colleagues – each MUST use a separate VEHICLE. More than 3 people in car is not allowed. Avoid public transport. Immediately on reaching home, carefully remove the mask and dispose off your face mask. Wipe down frequently touched items like your purse, pen and mobile with alcohol based sanitizer. Take a bath with soap and water once you are back home. Download the Arogya Setu App for self and family. It is made compulsory by the Govt. of India.

52. The Helpline Number for COVID–19 is [phone] Toll Free No: 1075 For any updates, visit the website of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

53. Thank You