COVID-19 I Coronavirus Disease I Harshit Jadav

This presentation highlights all the basic information regarding the current pandemic COVID-19.

This presentation includes an introduction, recent stats, the structure of coronavirus, pathogenesis of coronavirus, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19

1. Harshit Jadav Coronavirus Disease- 19 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 1

2. What is a Coronavirus? A large family of viruses which cause illness in animals or humans.   It’s a zoonotic Disease. (animals to human) In humans, several coronaviruses are known till date They cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19. Now it’s confirmed that its Airborne also (for 8-10 hours) 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 2

3. What is Covid-19? COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 . It’s also known as SARS-CoV-2, because its genetic material is similar to SARS which was responsible for SARS outbreak in 2002. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 3

4. Structure of Coronavirus In Latin Corona means ‘Crown’. Under Microscope it looks like Crown. That’s why its known as Coronavirus 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 4

5. Pathogenesis of Covid-19 It is a single stranded RNA Virus with protein spikes This spikes allows the virus to invade the respiratory track After binding to cells, especially Alveolar epithelial cells, it takes over the cellular mechanism and start reproducing them selves They replicate inside of our body and these new formed virus spreads to surrounding cells and form large quantity of mucus 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 5

6. Some times infection is mild so, people don’t develop any symptoms But they can acts as a carrier when they sneeze or cough Symptoms appear between 2-14 days depending upon severity of infection and other factors known as “Incubation Period” Severe Lung Damage can cause ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome): build up of fluid within and around the lungs In severe cases, patients develop “Septic Shock”. Blood Pressure Falls drastically 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 6

7. So due to Septic Shock, Body starves for Oxygen and without oxygen Organs begins to fail ARDS and Septic Shock are the main cause of death 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 7

8. Age Distribution 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 8

9. What are the Symptoms of COVID-19? 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 9

10. Mortality Rate comparison 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 10

11. How does COVID-19 Spread? The disease can spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales. These droplets land on objects and surfaces around the person. Other people then catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. People can also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets from a person with COVID-19 who coughs out or exhales droplets.  This is why it is important to stay more than 1 meter (3 feet) away from a person who is sick. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 11

12. Can CoVID-19 be caught from a person who has no symptoms? The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled by someone who is coughing. The risk of catching COVID-19 from someone with no symptoms at all is very low. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 12

13. Diagnosis of COVID-19 Upper Respiratory test specimen such as nasopharyngeal Swabs and oropharyngeal Swabs collected Lower respiratory test specimen like Broncho-alveolar lavage is also collocated COVID-19 is diagnosed by RT-PCR Method. (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase chain reaction) It can detect very small amount of RNA 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 13

14. Protective Measure for Everyone Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub kills viruses that may be on your hands. Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing. Why? When someone coughs or sneezes they spray small liquid droplets from their nose or mouth which may contain virus. If you are too close, you can breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the person coughing has the disease. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 14

15. Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Why? Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and can make you sick. Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately. Why? Droplets spread virus. By following good respiratory hygiene you protect the people around you from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 15

16. Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading Self-isolate yourself by staying at Regardless of symptoms If it is essential for you to have someone bring you supplies or to go out, e.g. to buy food, then wear a mask to avoid infecting other people. If you develop fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical advice promptly as this may be due to a respiratory infection or other serious condition. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 16

17. Who is at a risk of developing severe illness? Older persons persons with pre-existing medical conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer or diabetes)  appear to develop serious illness more often than others.  Smokers 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 17

18. Treatment options Sadly, there’s no specific drugs or Vaccine for COVID-19 Treatment is focused on supportive care only providing symptomatic treatment. Primary report Shows that these medicine are highly effective in management of COVID-19 Chloroquine and Hydroxy- Choloroquine : Anti- Malerial Drug Ritonavir: Anti-HIV drug Remdesiver : Anti-HIV drug Azithromysine : Anti-biotic 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 18

19. Should we wear Mask? Mask is only helpful when you are affected with COVID-19 or if you are taking care of COVID-19 patient If you are not ill or not looking after patient, there’s no need of wearing mask There’s a world wide shortage of mask. So use widely. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 19

20. Most Important Thing to Remember Don’t Panic and Don’t Spread Rumors. Understand the diseases properly and follow good protective measures. Wash your hand every hour for 20 second and tell your family to do so. But make sure you don’t waste water for that 20 second. Sanities your door knob, any delivery (like newspaper, milk pouch, amazon etc.), TV Remote and especially your cell phone. 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 20

21. Most Important Thing to Remember Stay at your home. Self-isolate with your family. Follow complete lockdown procedure. Social-Distancing is very much important. Support the local authority, policeman and healthcare workers by following their advice. Don’t spread non-essential WhatsApp treatments, advices and rumors. Double check information you receive by these social media planforms. Utilize your time in productive manner by not 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 21

22. Thank you Rest at Your Home or Rest in Peace 24-Mar-20 Harshit Jadav 22