Cowpea presentation

Cowpea presentation

1. 1 PRESENTATION ON COWPEA - Vigna sinensis AGRN-723 Agronomy of major Cereals & Pulses

2. COWPEA Vigna sinensis

3. INTRODUCTION Botanical name : Vigna sinensis Family : leguminaceae Annual herbaceous crop Well develop tap root system Origin : Africa Source: https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea

4. It is also known as lobia and black eyed pea. It is rich in protein having 23-24% in its grains. A drought-tolerant and warm-weather crop . The crop is grown in Asia, USA, Australia and Europe In India it occupies nearly 0.5 m.ha with an average productivity of 600-750 kg seeds/ha. The major crop growing states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Madhya Pradesh. Source – Crop Management (2010) by S.S. Singh

5. Has the useful ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through its root nodules. Source- http://agritech.tnau.ac.in

6. Nutrient content (Per 100g of edible portion) Water : 11% Protein : 23.4% Fat : 1.8% Carbohydrate : 63.3% Calcium : 76mg Iron : 5.7mg Source - https :// www.healthbenefitstimes.com/cowpeas .

7. Soil and Climatic Requirements Soil- It can be grown on a wide range of soil Sandy loam to clay ranging from acidic to basic (pH 4.5 - 8.0) Sandy to clay loam soil and well drained with a (pH of 6-7 ) Cowpea are highly sensitive to water logging Temperature - 25°c - 30°c (during germination) 35°c ( during active growth and flowering) Temperature below 20 is not good for better growth of the crop .   Source - http://agriinfo.in

8. Recommended Varieties Arka Garima : Derived through back cross and pure line selection from TUV 762 x V.unguiculata . Plants vigorous, bushy, with purple flowers.  Pods round and thick, fleshy and stringless . Tolerant to heat and drought. Yield 18 q/ha in 90 days . Pusa Su komal : Crosses between photoinsensitive line P85-2 and photosensitive P426. Plants bushy, flowers in 45 days.  Pods light green, 25-30 cm long. Resistant to bacterial blight. Yield 10 q /ha.

9. Kashi unnati : Pure line selection from TUV 762 . This is a photo-insensitive variety. Plants of this variety are dwarf and bushy, height 40-50 cm, branches 4-5 per plant, early flowering (30-35 days after sowing), first harvesting at 40-45 days after sowing, produces 40-45 pods per plant. Pods are 30-35 cm long, light green, soft, fleshy and free from parchment. gives green pod yield of about 125-150 q/ ha.For cultivation in Punjab, U.P., and Jharkhand. Kashi Kanchan : Developed by Indian Institute of Vegetable research, Varanasi. This is dwarf and bush type (height 50-60 cm), photo-insensitive, early flowering (40-45 days after sowing) and early picking (50-55 days after sowing) variety suitable for growing in both spring-summer and rainy seasons. Pods are about 30-35 cm long, dark green, soft, fleshy and free from parchment. The cultivar gives green pod yield of about 15-17 q/ ha for cultivation in U.P., Punjab, Bihar, Chhattisagarh , Orissa, A.P., M.P. and states . Vyjayanthi : Pure line selection from KMV 1. Trailing growth habit, long wine red coloured pods, brown seeds, Average Length of pod 50.62 cm. Avearge fruit weight 16.17 g. No. of seeds/pod 20-22 . Productivity 12.6 q/ha Source - http ://www.ccari.res.in/dss/vegetable%20cowpea.html

10. Land Preparation Cowpea can be grown in all types of soil. But sandy and sandy loam soils are best suited for it. The soil should be rich in organic matter. The land is prepared by giving four to five ploughing. Source - http://agriinfo.in

11. Sowing of Seed a ) Time of Sowing: The time of sowing varies according to type of crop. Kharif crop: May – June. Rabi crop: October- November . b) Seed Rate: 20 to 25 kg/ha . c) Method of Sowing: The seed is sown by dibbling method in flat beds with row to row spacing of 30-45 cm Source – Handbook of Agriculture

12. Nutrient Requirement Apply fertilizers basal before sowing. Rainfed : 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 + 12.5 kg K2O +10 kg S/ha Irrigated : 25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O + 20 kg S/ha Soil application of 25 kg ZnSo4/ha under irrigated condition   Source - http:// agritech.tnau.ac.in

13. Irrigation Crop require irrigation at Branching (30-35 DAS) Before Flowering (65-70 DAS) Pod Filling Stage (85-100 DAS) Avoid water stagnation at all stages Source – Crop Management (2010) by S.S. Singh

14. Weed control Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin 2 liters on 3 days after sowing using Knapsack sprayer. After this, one hand weeding on 30 days after sowing gives weed free environment throughout the crop period.  If herbicides are not applied give two hand weedings on 15 and 30 days after sowing .   It covers the land very soon and kill the weeds by smoothing. In early stage of growth , one weeding has been found beneficial    to this crop. Source - http ://agritech.tnau.ac.in

15. Harvesting The crop becomes ready for harvesting in 90 to 105 days for short duration crop and 135 to 150 days for long duration crop. Frequently tender pods should be harvested before they become fibrous. The plant is harvested for fodder or is used as green manure, when they are bearing flowers . Moisture content reduced up to 8-9 % for safe storage of grains An ideal crop of one hectare produce 15-20 q/ha grain Source - http:// agriinfo.in

16. Health Benefits of Cowpea Cowpeas can keep our cholesterol level remarkably low. It is an excellent source of soluble dietary fibre and protein, which play significant role in decreasing the amount of bad cholesterol present in the plasma of our blood . Being high in soluble fibre, cow pea works as a great solution for diabetic conditions. It can regulate our blood sugar levels Cowpeas are useful in eliminating urination problems, such as uneasiness or obstructions.  They are low-fat, low-calorie beans, which are extremely beneficial for weight loss. The sodium content of the vegetable is also very low. Moreover, cowpeas are absolutely cholesterol-free.  Source - http ://www.stylecraze.com/articles/benefits-of-cowpeas-for-skin-hair-and-health/

17. References Singh, S.S. (2010). Crop Management. Kalyani Publishers Ludhiana, pp 201-202. Handbook of Agriculture (2013). Indian council of agricultural research, New Delhi. p p 1114 – 1115. Internet Sources - http ://agritech.tnau.ac.in http :// www.stylecraze.com http :// agriinfo.in https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea