CPM AND PERT NETWORK DIAGRAM

A PROJECT REPORT ON NETWORK DIAGRAM BY INDRAKUMAR R PADWANI

1. A PROJECT REPORT ON NETWORK DIAGRAM PROJECT MANAGEMENT CPM AND PERT OF NETWORK ANALYSIS BY INDRAKUMAR R PADWANI BE MECHANICAL MBA MARKETING .PGDCA LECTURER IN MECHANICAL ENGG DEPT GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC GODHRA GUJARAT

2. WHAT IS PROJECT A PROJECT IS AN ACTIVITIES PERFORM IN A SEQUENCE HAVING RESOURCES FOR GENERATING SOME OUTPUT.THEY INCORPORATE THE STAGES FROM DESIGNING TO COMPLETION OF PROJECT

3. PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANGEMENT INVOLVES ISSUES LIKE SCHEDULING,ACTIVITIES ALLOCATING RESOURCES ETC.

4. NETWORK DIAGRAM OR ANALYSIS THERE ARE TWO METHODS FREQUENTLY USED FOR NETWORK PLANNING CPM----- CRITICAL PATH METHOD PERT-----PROGRAMME EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUES

5. CPM AND PERT TECHNIQUES CPM AND PERT ARE THE CRUCIAL TECHNIQUES WHICH ARE WIDELY USED IN MANAGING COMPLEX PROJECTS HAVING SEVERAL SEQUENTIAL AND CONCURRENT ACTIVITIES CPM AND PERT ARE APPLICABLE TO ALL ACTIVITIES LIKE SETTING UP A BUSINESS,LAUNCHING A NEW PRODUCT.

6. TERMINOLOGIES USED IN CPM AND PERT ACTIVITY --- IT IS A DISTINET PART OF A PROJECT CONSUMING SOME RESOURCES AND TIME FOR ITS COMPLETION.FOR EXAMPLE IN MECHANICAL UNIT SUCH AS DRILLING A HOLE.ETC EVENT---- IT IS THE STARTING OR END POINT OF AN ACTIVITY.IT CAN BE SAID AS BEGINNING AND COMPLETION POINTS OF AN PROJECTS. PREDECESSOR ACTIVITY- ---- IT IS AN ACTIVITY THAT MUST OCCURS BEFORE ANOTHER ACTIVITY IN THE PROJECT. SUCCESSOR ACTIVITY- --- IT IS THE ACTIVITY THAT MUST OCCUR AFTER ANOTHER ACTIVITY IN THE PROJECT.

7. CONCURRENT OR PARALLEL ACTIVITYS ----- TWO OR MORE ACTIVITIES CAN BE STARTED AT THE SAME TIME AND THESE ARE CALLED PARALLEL ACTIVITIES. CRITICAL ACTIVITIES -----THESE ARE THE ACTIVITIES ON WHICH OVERALL PROJECTS COMPLETION TIME DEPENDS. EPO- --- EPO MEANS EARLIEST POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE.IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS EFT(EARLIST FINISH TIME ).IT IS OBTAINED AS EARLIST START TIME(EST)+ DURATION OF THAT ACTIVITY. LPO ------ LPO MEANS LATEST POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE.IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS LFT (LATEST FINISH TIME ) LFT+ DURATION OF THAT ACTIVITY.

8. FLOAT AND SLACK ----- FLOAT REPRESENT THE MARGIN OF EXTRA TIME WHICH DO NOT RESULT INTO DELAY OF THE PROJECT COMPLETION.IT IS CALCULATED AS LS-ES OR LPO-EPO DUMMY ACTIVITY ----- DUMMY ACTIVITY DO NOT CONSUME ANY RESOURCE AND TIME.IT IS USED TO COMPLETE OR FULFIL THE COMPLETE PRESENTATION OF INTERRELATIONSHIP OF ALL ACTIVITIES.

9. TECHNIQUES OF DRAWING NETWORK DIAGRAM ACTIVITY IS REPRESENTED BY ARROW EVENT IS REPRESENTED BY ⃝ (NODE ) DUMMY − IS REPRESENTED BY ---------- DOTTED LINE FIG SHOWS ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS Tailevent Headevent Activity Start Completion

10. FIG SHOWS THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVITIES IN MECHANICAL WORKSHOP 1 1 2 4 3 5 6 A B D C E ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION A Cutting Plates B Purchasing Nuts C Purchasing Bolts D Drilling Hole E Assembly Plates with Nuts and Bolts

11. Here B,C,D are the parallel activities and successor activity of A. Activity joining Nodes 4-5 and 3-5 are dummy activities drawn just to complete network diagram. Activity D is predecessor of E. Since drilling must be done first to insert bolt into Plate for assemblies.

12. GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUTING NETWORK DIAGRAM PREPARE A LIST OF ACTIVITIES REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT . INDICATE INITIAL EVENT AT LEFT HAND SIDE BY NODE. INDICATE ACTIVITY BY ARROW,JOINING TWO EVENTS. DETERMINE PRECEDDING,SUCCEEDING,CONCURRENT ACTIVITIES

13. PERT PROGRAMME EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUES PERT IS A SPECIALISED TECHNIQUE OF MANAGING THE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED PROJECT . THE TIME DURATION OF EACH ACTIVITY IS DETERMINED WITH THREE PROBABILISTIC MEASURES OPTIMISTIC TIME (to) MOST LIKELY TIME (tm) PESSIMISTIC TIME ( tp ) EXPECTED TIME IS CALCULATED BY te = t0 + 4tm + tp 6

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CPM AND PERT CPM PEERT IT IS ACTIVITY ORIENTED IT IS EVENT ORIENTED HERE TIME ESTIMATES ARE DETERMISTIC HERE TIME ESTIMATES ARE PROBALISTIC ACTIVITIES ARE DIVIDED INTO CRITICAL AND NON CRITICAL CATEGORY HERE SUCH DIVISION IS NOT POSSIBLE CPM USED FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PERT USED FOR R&D PROJECTS

15. DETAILS OF A PROJECT INFOLLOWING TABLE ACTIVITY DURATION (DAYS ) PREDECESSORS A 8 ---- B 4 ---- C 6 ---- D 10 A E 6 B F 8 C G 4 D,E,F

16. DRAW NETWORK DIAGRAM AND INDICATE CRITICAL PATH 1 3 2 4 5 6 B C E A G 6 4 8 6 F 8 D 10 4 Critical Path A-D-G = 8 +10 +4 = 22 Days

17. ACTIVITY DURATION EST LST EFT LFT FLOAT LST-EST OR LFT-EFT A 8 8 8 B 4 8 4 12 8 C 6 4 6 10 4 D 10 8 8 18 18 E 6 4 12 10 18 8 F 8 6 10 14 18 4 G 4 18 18 22 22

18. EST ---- IT IS THE EARLIEST TIME BY WHICH AN ACTIVITY CAN BE STARTED . LST ---- IT IS THE LATEST POSSIBLE TIME BY WHICH ANY ACTIVITY CAN START WITHOUT DELAYING THE PROJECT COMPLETION DATE . IT IS CALCULATED BY MOVING BACKWARD DIRECTION IN NETWORK DIAGRAM

19. PROJECT COMPLETION T IME IS 22 DAYS BY FOLLOWING NETWORK DIAGRAM WE CAN SOLVE THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS 1 . LST FOR G= 22-4 = 18 DAYS FOR C =22-(6+8+4) FOR F =22-(4+8) =22-18 = 22-12 =04 = 10DAYS FOR B = 22-(4+6+4) FOR E =22-(6+4) =22-14 =22-10 =08 =12 FOR A= 22-(8+10+4) FOR D =22-(10+4) =22-22 =22-14 =0 =08

20. TO FIND OUT LFT WE CAN SOLVE BY LFT= LST + DURATION OF THAT ACTIVITY . FOR A = 0+8=08 FOR B=08+04=12 FORC = 04+06=10 FOR D= 08+10 = 18 FOR E= 12+6=18 FOR F=10+8=18 FOR G=18+04=22

21. TO CALCULATE EFT =EST+ DURATION OF THAT ACTIVITY FOR A 08+00= 08 FOR B 00+04=04 FOR C 00+06=06 FOR D 08+10=18 FOR E 06+04=10 FOR F 08+06=14 FOR G 18+04=22

22. D AND G ARE HAVING 0 SLACKS BECAUSE THEY ARE ON CRITICAL PATH.THAT MEANS THESE ACTIVITIES SHOULD NOT BE DELAYED TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT IN TIME. CRITICAL PATH HAVE ZERO FLOAT SO THAT PROJECT CAN NOT BE DELAYED IN TIME.

23. THANKYOU