CPR.pptx

Presentation on BLS

1. Occupational Health Centre, NFASL Health Education ---CPR By Dr.Ashok

2. CPR C---Cardio----------------------------Heart P---Pulmonary-----------------------Lung R---Resuscitation--------------------Revival

3. Definition An emergency procedure used to restart a person's heartbeat and breathing after one or both have stopped .

4. Who Invented CPR 1960 . Resuscitation pioneers Drs. Kouwenhoven , Safar, and Jude combine mouth-to-mouth breathing with chest compressions to create cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the lifesaving actions we now call CPR. New name of CPR is BLS Peter Safar : father of modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

5. Objective of CPR keep oxygen flowing in and out of the lungs and to keep oxygenated blood flowing through the body .

6. 3 Priorities of Life support Preserve life. Prevent deterioration. Promote recovery.

7. CPR FACTS CPR is one way of buying time until normal heart& lung function is restored or a defibrillator becomes available. CPR provides artificial breathing and circulation, keeping oxygenated blood flowing to the heart and brain. The earlier you give CPR, the greater the chance of success.

8. Basic components of CPR CAB---Easy to Remember C---Chest Compression A---Airway B---Breathing

9. Critical components of CPR Five main components of high-performance CPR have been identified:   chest compression fraction (CCF), chest compression rate, chest compression depth, chest recoil (residual leaning), and ventilation . These CPR components were identified due to their contribution to blood flow and outcome.

10. Seven steps of CPR   STEP 1: CALL OHC/Trained First aider. STEP 2: ASSESS THE SCENE OF THE EMERGENCY. STEP 3: OPEN THE VICTIM'S AIRWAY. STEP 4: CHECK FOR BREATHING & Circulation. STEP 5: 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS. STEP 6: 2 RESCUE BREATHS. STEP 7: REPEAT THE CYCLE.

11. New standards of CPR Push hard and Fast Pushing chest 2-2/12 inch with each compression Maintain Chest compression Rate 120/min Continue CPR till you handover casualty to medical person or till medical person arrives Chest compression is more important than artificial respiration

12. Qualities of First aider Prompt and Quick. A great first aider must be able to recognise when someone needs emergency help. ... Calm and Controlled. First aiders face a variety of emergency situations from time to time. ... Effective Communicator. ... The Ability to Lead. ... Knowledge of Your Limit. Crowd Manager

13. CPR---Trained Vs General Public For healthcare providers and those trained: conventional CPR using chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing at a ratio of 30:2 compressions-to-breaths. ... For the general public or bystanders who witness an adult suddenly collapse: compression-only CPR, or Hands-Only CPR.

14. Cardiac Arrest It is unexpected and unexplained cessation of heart beat is called cardiac arrest At any age, can be anybody

15. Causes of Cardiac and Respiratory Arrest Heart Attack Poisoning Head Injury Electric Shock Electrolyte Imbalance Snake Bite Drowning Allergic Reaction Scorpion Bite etc---------

16. Sudden Cardiac Arrest statistic's in India More than 80% cardiac arrest occurs outside the hospital More than 350,000  cardiac arrests occur outside of the hospital each year roughly estimated at 7 lakh cases of SCD annually) with 21% of the deaths in people who were below 50 years of age.

17. Cardiac Arrest Vs Heart Attack Cardiac Arrest--------Stoppage of Heart Beat Heart Attack----------Reduced Blood supply due to spasm or complete stoppage of blood supply to heart muscle due to blockage in one or multiple arteries supplying blood to heart muscles.

18. Signs and Symptoms of CPA No Pulse No Blood Pressure No Respiration Or Gasping Un conscious Pupils sluggishly or not reacting to light Unresponsiveness

19. Normal Values Of Vital Parameter's Blood Pressure----------100-130/70---90 mm of Hg Pulse -------------------60----90/min Respiration----------12-----14/min

20. Major Arteries in Human Body

21. Anatomy Of Heart

22. Pathway of Blood circulation

23. Coronary artery Spasm

24. Blockage of Coronary artery

25. Coronary Arteries Fig-1 Fig-2

26. Airway Management

27. Hand positioning in CPR

28. Hand Positioning For Chest Compression Fig-1 Fig-2

29. Step wise Hand positioning in CPR Kneel beside the person who needs help. Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest. Place the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand, then INTERMINGLE your fingers together. Position your body so that your shoulders are directly over your hands; keep your arms straight. Push hard, push fast BY USINH HEEL OF HANDS KEEPING FINGERS POINTING UPWARDS. Use your body weight to help you administer compressions that are at least 2 inches deep and delivered at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute. (Be sure to let the chest rise between compressions.)

30. Mouth to Mouth Breathing

31. Artificial Respiration-AMBU bag automated artificial manual breathing units

32. Parts of Ambu bag self-inflating bag, one-way valve, mask, and an oxygen reservoir .

33. Ambu bag ventilation and oxygenation For each breath, steadily and smoothly squeeze the bag to deliver a tidal volume of 6 to 7 mL/kg (or about 500 mL for an average size adult) over 1 second, and then release the bag to allow it to reinflate . If using a 1000-mL volume bag, squeeze only halfway to obtain the correct tidal volume. In cardiac arrest cases, do not exceed 8 to 10 breaths per minute ( ie , one complete breath every 6 to 7.5 seconds). Observe for proper chest rise during ventilations Monitor the patient, checking breath sounds and, if possible, end-tidal carbon dioxide and pulse oximeter.

34. Effective CPR Ratio 30:2 (30 Chest compression and 2 Artificial Breathing) 15:1 Compression Rate/Min---------120/min Artificial Respiration Rate--------10/min

35. High Quality CPR High-quality CPR should be performed by anyone - including bystanders. There are five critical components: Minimize interruptions in chest compressions Provide compressions of adequate rate and depth Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions Ensure proper hand placement Avoid excessive ventilation

36. Complications of CPR Aspiration Pneumonia Fracture Ribs Fracture Sternum Injury to Heart Injury to abdominal internal organ like Liver/Spleen etc.

37. Recovery Position-Left side

38. Steps of Recovery Position Kneel beside the person. Straighten their arms and legs. Fold the arm closest to you over their chest. Place the other arm at a right angle to their body. Get the leg closest to you and bend the knee. While supporting the person’s head and neck, gently take the bent knee closest to you and very gently roll the person away from you. Adjust the upper leg, so both the hip and knee are bent at right angles. Ensure the person is steady and cannot roll. Tilt the head back and make sure the airways are clear and open.

39. Purpose of Recovery Position If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no other life-threatening conditions, they should be placed in the recovery position. Putting someone in the recovery position will  keep their airway clear and open . It also ensures that any vomit or fluid won't cause them to choke.

40. BLS Step 1: Scene Safety. ... Step 2: Assess Breathing.& Circulation ... Step 3: Activate EMS. ... Step 4: Get the Automated External Defibrillator (AED) ... Step 5: CPR (Chest Compressions)

41. AED An  automated external defibrillator  (AED) is a medical device designed to analyse the heart rhythm and deliver an electric shock to victims of ventricular fibrillation to restore the heart rhythm to normal. Ventricular fibrillation is the uncoordinated heart rhythm most often responsible for sudden cardiac arrest . Indication: Sudden cardiac Arrest

42. Positioning of AED PADS The positioning of AED pads on victims chest wall is important, as the electrical shock needs to travel through the heart muscle.  The first pad is placed underneath the collar bone (Clavicle)Right Chest, the second is placed on left side of chest wall, underneath the armpit.(As shown in figure)

43. AED Pad placement----Diagrammatic view

44. Contraindication The AED Is Faulty or Has Expired Parts. ... The Victim Has a DNR. ... The Victim Is Wet or Lying in Water. ... The Victim Has a Medication Patch or Pacemaker. ... The Victim Has a Hairy Chest. Do Not use an AED on a victim lying on a conductive surface

45. Types of AED public access and professional use . Public access AEDs can be found in airports community centres schools government buildings hospitals and other public locations. They are intended to be used by laypeople who have received minimal training.

46. Samaritan Law The Good Samaritan Law allows a person, without expectation of payment or reward and without any duty of care or special relationship, voluntarily come forward to administer immediate assistance or emergency care to a person injured in an accident, or crash, or emergency medical condition. 30 th March 2016

47. Purpose of Samaritan laws Good Samaritan laws are written  to encourage bystanders to get involved in these and other emergency situations without fear that they will be sued if their actions inadvertently contribute to a person's injury or death .

48. CO Poisoning

49. Toluene Poisoning

50. Effect Of HF acid

51. Complications of Phenol Poisoning