CPR-presentation-Health-Access-Network.ppt

CPR: lifesaving technique using chest compressions, breaths.

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First Aid (CPR) Skills For
Community Pharmacists
Health Access Network
UGBS
Ernest P. Nyame-Annan
(MPH, B.sc HSA, HND, FA Ass, YABC)
First Aid Master Trainer
IFRC Global Innovator
National Youth Co-ordinator
Ghana Red Cross Society

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Motivation
The More You Know
The More Options You
Have

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OUTLINE
Introduction to First Aid
What is First Aid
Principles of F.A
Break (45mins)
Basic Life saving skills
Unconsciousness
The Three Organs of Life
;Heart, Brain & Lungs
A.B.-CAB/CPR
Hands on practical
First Aid Tips
Evaluation/Test

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Introduction to First Aid
What is First Aid ?
First Aid; It is the initial and temporary
response to a casualty or a victim using
available resources before competent care
is given.
In other words, it is the first help given to a
victim (an injured person/casualty or
someone who falls sick suddenly) using
available material before sending the victim
to the nearest health facility or an arrival of
medical personnel.

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Why First Aid?
To Preserve life.
To prevent the condition from getting
worse.
To promote quick recovery.
To protect human dignity.

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Principle of FA
Do the minimum that is essential.
Be calm, act faster and logically.
Guard against Shock or severe pain.
Know and apply the A.B-C.A.B. of Basic Life Support.
Loose all tight clothing on the body if necessary.
Look for any medical identity or tag on the victim.
immobilize fractured part before moving the victim.
Open shirt on chest when applying CPR (if necessary).
Protect against possible spinal cord injury. (Protect a
victim with spinal injury from further complications).
Keep the victim awake.
Manage the incident such that you, the victim and
others would not be in danger.

8. QUALITIES OF A FIRST AIDER
A good First Aider must be:
Observant: ( Assessing the Situation) should be able to
notice all signs and symptoms on a casualty.
Resourceful: should be able to make use of materials at
hand.
Gentle: should not cause pain
Tactful: should not alarm the casualty.
Sympathetic: should be comforting.
Cheerful: Should have happy expression and inspire
confidence.
Courageous: Should not panic at the scene of injury.
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9. The Triangle of Life
The Heart
The Brain
The Lungs
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10. Discussion
Which of these organs when not
functioning can determine death? And
Why
Heart
Brain
Lungs
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11. Functions of the heart & Lungs
Heart
Cardiovascular System
Circulation :
Pumps blood to the various
part of the body
Blood
Blood vessels
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12. Lungs
Lungs
Respiratory System
Respiration :
Takes in oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide
from the body
Breath
Airway (Trachea)
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14. Functions of the Brain
Brain
Central Nervous
System
Coordination:
It uses network of
nerves to control the
various organs in the
body
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16. Cardiac Arrest Vs. Heart Attack

(((Arteriosclerosis)))
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UNCONSCIOUSNESS
Definitions: Unconsciousness is the
interruption of the normal functioning of the
brain. In this state the person has reduced
awareness of his or her surroundings, without
deliberate thoughts, and normally very
difficult to respond to stimuli such as light,
sound and pain.
Common Definition: when one is not aware
of him/herself and his/her surroundings.

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The three levels of unconsciousness
Drowsiness: the victim feels dizzy or vertigo and
cannot respond to verbal requests properly. He/She
is not stable, sways to difference directions when
standing or walking.
 Stupor: At this level the person may respond to
painful stimuli with difficulty.
Coma: it is a critical stage in unconsciousness. The
victims chance of survival is not clear, lies between
life and death. Sometimes the victim may be hearing
but can not respond.

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UNCONSCIOUSNESS contn.
There are various causes of unconsciousness these include the
following:
Severe head injury or damage.
Severe Bleeding.
Severe Burns or Scalds.
Poisoning or Substance abuse and excessive alcohol use.
Shock & Fainting .
Asphyxia (Drowning, Choking).
Heart attack.
Strokes.
Severe medical conditions.

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Managements of Unconsciousness
Management of an Unconscious person
depends on the cause or the situation.
however one need to follow the basic First
aid intervention bearing in mind the
principles in First Aid.
CAB/CPR-is an emergency procedure for
people in cardiac arrest .

21. D.R.s AB-CAB OF BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT (Adult)
D- Look out for
DANGER.
R-Check for
RESPONDSIVENESS
of the victim.
S- Shout for help
Check;
A-Airway
B-Breathing
C-Compression
A- open Airway
B- two Breath ( Ambu
bag)
CPR
Cardio (Heart)
Pulmonary(Lungs)
Resuscitation( Revive)
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AB-CAB
A- Open the victim’s AIRWAY
or Windpipe or trachea by
tilting the head back and chin
lift up to allow easy flow of air.
It will also prevent possible
blockage of the airway by
weak tongue.
(by using Head-tilt-Chin-lift
method).

23. B
B-Check for BREATHING by putting your Ear closer to
the victims Nose to Listen to possible noise, Looking at
the up & down movement of the Chest and by this
position your Cheek should be closer to the Mouth to
Feel the warm air from the victim’s mouth.
Check both Breathing & Circulation at the same time
(Trained person)
If breathing ( Check for other vitals) put the victim in a
recovery position.
Follow the medical procedure( Health centre)
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CAB/CPR
If not breathing , move on to
CAB(apply CPR)
C-Chest Compression
If there is no Circulation
apply CPR techniques
30 Chest
Compression (100-
120/min).
Open Airway
Give 2 slow
Breathe
Ambu bag

25. Practicals
Practical
Participants move to various station for hands-
on CPR.
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26. CPR for Children
ABC
Slow breath
Moderate Compression
Finger/Thumb for Infant
2 fingers for children (1- 3)
One hand for Children (3-9)
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CPR
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
After Airway opened, Breath checked.
 if the victim is not breathing and Circulation is checked and no
heartbeats or normal beat, apply thirty (30) Cardiac massage or
External Heart Compression (EHC) aiming at 100 to 120 rate per
minute.
Shout for help and move on with CPR.

Place the victim on his/her back flat on a firm surface or the
floor. (not on bed)
 Place the heel of your hand (interlock hands) 1-1.5 inches away from
the Sternum or breastbone (in between the nipples)
Give 30 External Heart Compression at the rate of 100 to 120 per
minute, faster than one second; approximately 5 compressions per 3
second.
Keep Shoulders and arms straight and Press down on the chest to 2-
2.4 inches deep against the spine (backbone).

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Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
Look at the face whiles applying EHC for possible
cough or reaction. Stop immediately the victim
cough.
If there is no responds, Continue Two (2) breaths
and Thirty (30) Compressions until help arrives.
After two minutes of CPR. Rush the victim to the
nearest health facility.
If the victim respond and breath is low place
him/her in recovery position.

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Simulation
Group simulation
On your way to Korle Gonno beach, you met a middle-age man
lying motionless on the side of the road. What practical steps would
you take to attend to the victim?
You are in Ward B and somebody brought in an unconscious
woman to the ward. What would you do?
You are a nurse in the children’s ward and you heard a mother
screaming my child is dyeing, he is not breathing… madam nurse
…..help….help… what would you do?

30. First Aid
Bleeding
Burns/Scalds
Fracture/Sprain/Strain
Convulsion
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31. BLEEDING
It is the over flow or escape of blood from the
blood vessels in the body.
In management of traumatic bleeding, you may use the
acronym PRICE.
P- Protect yourself and others
R –Rest: rest the affected part and be calm.
I –Ice: Apply Ice pack on swollen part to shrink damaged tissue
or blood-vessels to control bleeding ( for Internal bleeding).
C- Compression: compress the affected part by bandaging or
use any clean cloth available on the affected part firmly but not
tight.
E – Elevate: elevate the affected part above the heart to
reduce flow of blood.
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32. Burns & Scalds
Burns
They are caused by dry
heats such as fire, hot
metal, iron charcoal etc. The
longer the burning
continues, the severe the
injury will be.
Scalds
They are caused by wet or
moist heat such as hot
water, hot oil, steam and hot
soup etc.
Mgt: Water
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33. Choking
When the airway is partially or completely
blocked or obstructed by solid substance.
Mgt: ABDOMINAL THRUST & BACKSLAP:
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34. Drowning
When the airway is partially or completely blocked
or obstructed by liquid substances.
Follow AB-CAB
Turn the drowning casualty’s head to the
side, allowing any water to drain from his or
her mouth on its own accord.(Recovery
Position)
Warm the person if necessary
Note: Do not attempt to force water from the
stomach.
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36. Evaluation
Have we met your
expectations?
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37. Reference
www.wikieducator.org
www.medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/10
0215_3.htm
http://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr
https://www.medicinenet.com/
cpr_guidelines/views.htm
American Heart Association 2015 update
Public Health Emergencies and First Aid
Manual ,2015
Interaction with CPR experts(USA, Israel RC)
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38. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
Q
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s
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n
s

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Always have a winning
spirit.
Thanks.
Source :The Public Health
Emergencies and FIRST AID
Manual .