Crime Scene Management: Introduction to Crime Scene

This presentation deals with the basics of an introduction to crime scene.

1. Crime Scene Management
Mayank David Raiborde
Department of Forensic Science
Kristu Jayanti College

2. Specific learning Objectives
By the end of the session, the student will be able to
Understand the meaning of a crime scene/ Scene of
occurrence
Analyze the general crime scene procedure
Explain the procedure of securing and isolation of the scene
of crime
Describe the role of first responding officer

3. Introduction
A crime scene is a tangible location where an illegal action took
place. A crime scene is comprised of the area, where the majority
of physical evidence is retrieved by a law enforcement agency,
crime scene investigators or in some circumstances, a forensic
scientist.
“Crime scene examination”
therefore refers to an examination
where forensic or scientific
techniques are used to preserve
and gather physical evidence of a
crime

4. A crime scene is any physical scene, anywhere, that may
provide potential evidence to an investigator.It may include a
person’s body, any type of building, vehicles, places in the
open air or objects found at those locations
A crime scene is the immediate and surrounding area where a
crime has been committed.

5. oThe scene of occurrence / crime scene is the place where
a criminal offence is reported, a place where the crime has
been committed or a place where physical evidence of
such crime is found.
oIt is the place where the evidences might be gathered or
located to explain the events of the crime.
oCrime scene acts as the starting point for the investigator,
which provides him the information on the victim and the
suspect and to reconstruct the crime.

6. oThe Scene of occurrence is not limited to one place. The
area of crime scene is dependent on the nature of the
crime committed.
oMajorly the crime scene will have five parts :-
•Line of approach
•Point of Entry
•Actual Scene
•Point of Exit
•Line of retreat

7. Crime Scene Classification
crime scenes can be classified according to the -
oBased on the location of the original criminal activity.
primary crime scene
secondary crime scenes
The only thing consistent about crime scenes is their variety. Because of the diversity of possible
scenes there are many ways to define or classify crime scenes.

8. oBased on the size of the crime scene
macroscopic crime scene
microscopic crime scenes
oBased on the type of crime scene
Indoor crime scene
Outdoor crime scene
conveyance

9. oThe primary crime scene is where a crime actually occurred. A
secondary crime scene is in some way related to the crime but
is not where the actual crime took place.
oPrimary scenes typically yield more usable evidencethan do
secondary scenes, but not always.
oSometimes the only crime-scene investigators have to work
with is a secondary scene —the place where a serial killer
dumps a victim’s body, for example.

10. oUnder these circumstances, investigators may not know
where the actual murder took place and therefore use
evidence they find at the secondary scenes to help them
identify the killer or locate the primary scene.
oDoing so can greatly narrow the focus of the investigation
and lead police to the primary crime scene and the
perpetrator.

11. oA macroscopic crime scene is composed of many crime scenes,
the microscopic crime scenesclassification is more focused on
the specific types of evidence found at macroscopic crime
scenes.
oThe macroscopic point of view of the crime scene would not
just include the location, but the victim’s body, the suspect’s
body, the houses and the vehicle involved.
oEssentially looking at the variously sized crimes scenes within
a crime scenes.

12. oThe microscopic definition of crime scene is any specific
object or piece of physical evidence related to the crime
being investigated
oExample-Bite marks found on the body, ligatures,
fibers/hairs, fingernails,

13. oCompared to an outdoor scene, evidence at an indoor scene is
generally less susceptible to environmental loss and deleterious
change.
oThe possibility of loss and contamination from multiple people
accessing the scene is greatly increased.
oLimiting access to the scene and collecting known reference
samples from individuals with access to the scene are a priority.

14. oAn outdoor crime scene is the most vulnerable to loss,
contamination and damaging effects on biological evidence in
a short period of time.
oIndividuals with access to the scene can potentially alter,
destroy or contaminate evidence. The risk is greatest when the
crime scene is not properly secured.

15. When encountering a
combination of an indoor and
outdoor scene, process the
outdoor component first.
Nighttime outdoor crime scenes
are especially problematic.
Regardless of the quality of the
light source used to illuminate
the scene, the lack of sunlight
can increase the possibility of
missing or destroying evidence.

16. Conveyance is defined as “something that serves as a means of
transportation”. Types of crimes committed in conveyances
include the following:
Vehicle burglary.
Grand theft .
Car theft.
Narcotics Violation
Sexual Battery

17. oIt is important that the crime scene investigator recognize that
physical evidence recoveredfrom these scenes may extend
well beyond the conveyance itself.
oSuspects leaving in a hurry may carelessly leave additional
evidence. A conveyance, such as a vehicle, may be
transported to the laboratory after proper documentation has
been completed.

18. oThe flight path of the perpetrator may reveal evidence
important to the investigation. For example, impression
evidence, such as shoe or footprints in soil, may be found
leading away from the scene, and property removed from
the conveyance may be deposited or dropped as the
perpetrator flees the scene.

19. •Based on the manner of crime
oSuicide
oHomicide
oAccidental
oGenocide

20. Suicide is made up of two words, ‘sui’, which means self, and
‘cide’, which signifies killing. In other words, a person
committing suicide must do it themselves, regardless of the tools
they use to accomplish their goal of killing themselves.
Section 309 & 306
Section 306-Abetment for suicide
Section 309-Punishment for suicide
MHCA 2017

21. Section 299 & 300
Homicide
The word homicide is derived from latin word
“Homa” which means human beings and “cide” which
means killing
Homicide means killing of a human being by a human
being
https://prolawctor.com/culpable-homicide-and-murder-ipc-notes/

22. Accidental and Genocide
o304A. Causing death by negligence
oGenocide is defined as, includesviolent attacks
with the specific intent to destroy, in whole or in
part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group

23. Securing and isolating
the crime scene
The objectives of any crime
scene investigation are to
recognize, preserve, collect,
and interpret all of the relevant
physical evidence at a crime
scene with the goal of
reconstructing the events that
generated this evidence. This is
always a team effort in which
the forensic scientist and crime
scene investigators play a role.

24. How is it possible to identify the
person who committed a crime?

25. LOCARD’S PRINCIPLE

26. Who is involved in a crime-scene
investigation?
The team is made up of legal
and scientific professionals who
work together to solve a crime.
Professionals at the scene of a
crime may include police
officers, detectives, crime-scene
investigators, district attorneys,
medical examiners, and
scientific specialists.

27. oPolice officers are usually the first to arrive at a crime
scene. A district attorney may be present to determine
whether a search warrant is necessary for the crime-scene
investigators.
oCrime-scene investigators document the crime scene in
detail and collect physical evidence. Crime-scene
investigators include recorders to record the data, sketch
artists to sketch the scene, photographers to take photos of
the crime scene, and evidence collectors.

28. oMedical examiners (also called coroners) may be necessary
to determine the cause of a death when a homicide has
occurred.
oDetectiveslook for leads by interviewing witnesses and
talking to the crime-scene investigators about the evidence.
oSpecialistssuch as entomologists (insect biologists), forensic
scientists, and forensic psychologists may be consulted if the
evidence requires their expertise.

29. The Preliminary Exam
oA lead investigator will start the process of evaluating
the area.
oFirst, the boundaries of the scene must bedetermined.
oSecond, establish the perpetrator’s path of entry and
exit.

30. oThe investigator then proceeds with an initial walk-
throughof the scene to gain an overview of the
situationand develop a strategy for the systematic
examination and documentation of the entire crime
scene.
oThis is done beforeprocessing the crime scene for
physical evidence

31. Summary
oA crime is defined as an act or the commission of an act that
is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a
public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment
by that law.
oOutdoor crime scenes are the most difficult to investigate due
to the exposure of scene to rain, wind, heat, animal activity as
they contaminates the crime scene and leads to the destruction
of evidence.

32. oA Successful Crime Scene Investigation utilizes a step by
step process in the discovery, preservation and collection
of Physical Evidence.
oThe Locard’s Exchange Principle states that when a
person comes into contact with an object or another
person, a cross transfer of physical evidence can occur.
The exchanged materials indicate the two objects were in
contact.
oA crime scene team includes Team members, First police
officer on the scene to protect the scene, Medics,
Investigators, Medical examiner, Photographer,
Technician and Lab experts.

33. References
ohttps://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=16
oThe basics of criminal investigations-Jones & Bartlett
learning
oCrime Scene Investigation A Guide for Law
Enforcement-http://www.nfstc.org/
oNational Forensic Science Technology Center
oFourth Edition, An Introduction to Scientific and
Investigative Techniques , Edited by Stuart H. James Jon
J. Nordby Suzanne Bell

34. THANK YOU