Criminology and Forensic Psychology: History and Future Direction

The realms of criminology and forensic psychology, though often perceived as distinct entities, share a common thread: the exploration of the human mind and its connection to criminal behaviour. Forensic psychology, at its core, is the application of psychological knowledge to the legal system. While criminology delves into the broader societal factors that contribute to crime, forensic psychology zooms in on the psychological underpinnings of criminal acts and their impact on the legal system. The intersection of criminology and forensic psychology yields a multifaceted understanding of crime, providing valuable insights into the interplay between individual psychology and broader societal factors.

1. Criminology and Forensic Psychology Being a Direct Memebership Training Paper Delivered at the Chartered Institute of Forensics and Certified Fraud Investigators of Nigeria (CIFCFIN) of Thursday, November 29, 2023.

2. ND (Fin), HND (Acct.), BSc. (Acct. Ed), BSc (Fin.), LLB., LLM, MBA (Acct. & Fin.), MSc. (Acct.), MSc. (Bus & Econs ), MSc. (Fin), MSc. ( Econs ), Ph.D. (Acct), Ph.D. (Fin), Ph.D. (FA), CICA, CFA, CFE, CIPFA, CPFA, CertIFR , ACS, ACIS, ACIArb , ACAMS, ABR, IPA, IFA, MNIM, FCA, FCTI, FCIB, FCNA, FCFIP, FCE, FERP, FFAR, FPD-CR, FSEAN, FNIOAIM, FCCrFA , FCCFI, FICA, FCECFI, JP Prof. Godwin Emmanuel Oyedokun Professor of Accounting and Financial Development Department of Management & Accounting Faculty of Management and Social Sciences Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria Principal Partner; Oyedokun Godwin Emmanuel & Co (Chartered Accountants, Tax Practitioners & Forensic Auditors)

3. Criminology and Forensic Psychology

4. Contents

5. Introduction

6. Forensic Accounting

7. Areas Encompasses in Forensic

8. Areas Encompasses in Forensic

9. Criminology

10. Concept of Criminology

11. Criminal Justice Landscape The Criminal Justice Process

12. Criminal Justice Landscape

13. Criminal Justice Landscape The Courts and Correctional System The courts are the branch of government that is responsible for adjudicating criminal cases The correctional system is the branch of government that is responsible for punishing offenders

14. Some Major Theories of Criminology

15. Some Major Theories of Criminology

16. Some Major Theories of Criminology

17. History of Criminology Year Event 1764 Cesare Beccaria publishes "On Crimes and Punishments" 1798 Jeremy Bentham publishes "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" 1839 Adolphe Quetelet publishes "Sur l'homme et le développement de ses facultés" 1871 Cesare Lombroso publishes "The Criminal Man" 1897 Enrico Ferri publishes "Criminal Sociology" 1901 Edwin H. Sutherland publishes "The Differential Association Theory" 1938 Thorsten Sellin publishes "Culture Conflict and Crime" 1955 Edwin H. Sutherland and Donald R. Cressey publish "Criminal Behavior" 1965 Travis Hirschi publishes "Causes of Delinquency" 1970s The emergence of labeling theory 1980s The rise of rational choice theory 1990s The development of restorative justice approaches 2000s The increasing use of technology in criminology 2010s The growing emphasis on crime prevention through social and economic development

18. Overview of Edward Sunderland Works on the Theory of Crime

19. Overview of Edward Sunderland Works on the Theory of Crime

20. Forensic Psychology

21. Concept of Forensic Psychology

22. Concept of Forensic Psychology

23. Concept of Forensic Psychology

24. Key Areas of Forensic Psychology

25. Key Areas of Forensic Psychology

26. Theories of Forensic Psychology

27. Theories of Forensic Psychology

28. The History of Psychology Ancient Origins The roots of psychology can be traced back to ancient civilizations, with philosophers like Plato and Aristotle exploring concepts of the mind, consciousness, and the soul. In the 4th century BC, Plato proposed that the mind was divided into three parts: the appetitive, rational, and spirited. Aristotle, on the other hand, emphasized the importance of experience and observation in understanding the mind. Medieval and Renaissance Eras During the Middle Ages, psychology was largely overshadowed by religious and theological beliefs. However, in the Renaissance, a renewed interest in human nature emerged. Renaissance scholars like Leonardo da Vinci and René Descartes made significant contributions to the field of psychology, with da Vinci studying the brain and Descartes proposing the mind-body dualism theory. 18th and 19th Centuries: The Birth of Modern Psychology The 18th and 19th centuries marked a turning point in the history of psychology, as the field transitioned from philosophical speculation to scientific experimentation. In the 18th century, Immanuel Kant proposed the idea of the unconscious mind, and Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879, marking the formal birth of modern psychology.

29. The History of Psychology 20th Century: The Rise of Different Schools of Thought The 20th century saw a blossoming of diverse schools of thought within psychology. Structuralism, led by Wundt, focused on analyzing the basic elements of consciousness. Functionalism, championed by William James, emphasized the adaptive nature of the mind. Psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud, explored the unconscious mind and its influence on behaviour. 21st Century: Psychology in the Modern World In the 21st century, psychology has continued to evolve and expand, incorporating new research methods and theories. Cognitive psychology investigates the mental processes involved in perception, attention, memory, and language. Behavioral psychology focuses on the role of conditioning and reinforcement in shaping behaviour. Social psychology delves into the influence of social interactions and group dynamics on individual behaviour. Current Issues and Future Directions Today, psychology is a broad and multifaceted discipline, with applications in various fields, including education, healthcare, business, and law. Ongoing research is exploring topics such as the neural basis of consciousness, the role of genetics in behaviour, and the effectiveness of different psychotherapy approaches.

30. History and Development of Forensic Psychology

31. History and Development of Forensic Psychology

32. Applications of Forensic Psychology in the Criminal Justice System

33. Social Behaviour and Crime The Role of Conformity, Obedience, and Diffusion of Responsibility in Crime

34. The Impact of Social Groups and Subcultures on Criminal Behaviour

35. The Influence of Social Networks and On-line Communities on Crime

36. Law and Criminal Justice Role of Different Branches of Government, Courts, and Legal Professionals in Criminal Justice

37. Law and Criminal Justice Role of Different Branches of Government, Courts, and Legal Professionals in Criminal Justice

38. The Criminal Justice Process: From Investigation and Arrest to Prosecution, Adjudication, and Sentencing

39. Fundamental Legal Principles and Procedures in Criminal Justice

40. Application of Criminal Psychology in Criminal Justice Crime Profiling

41. Application of Criminal Psychology in Criminal Justice Interviewing Interviewing is a more conversational approach that is designed to build rapport with the subject and encourage them to share information voluntarily Interviewers typically ask open-ended questions and allow the subject to tell their story in their own words Interview and Interrogation Techniques Interrogation Interrogation is a more confrontational approach that is designed to elicit a confession or other incriminating information from the subject Interrogators typically use a variety of techniques, such as stress management, to try to break down the subject's resistance The choice of whether to use an interview or interrogation approach depends on a variety of factors, such as the severity of the crime, the available evidence, and the subject's demeanor In some cases, it may be necessary to use both techniques in order to gather all of the relevant information

42. Application of Criminal Psychology in Criminal Justice Risk Assessment and Intervention for Offenders

43. Ethical Considerations in Criminal Psychology Ethical Principles in Criminal Psychaology

44. Ethical Considerations in Criminal Psychology Ethical Challenges in Working with Offenders

45. Ethical Considerations in Criminal Psychology Ethical Challenges in Working with Victims

46. Ethical Considerations in Criminal Psychology Promoting Ethical Practices in the Criminal Justice System

47. Future Directions in Criminal Psychology The Use of Technology in Criminal Psychology

48. Future Directions in Criminal Psychology The Role of Criminal Psychology in Addressing Social and Criminal Justice Issues

49. Future Directions in Criminal Psychology

50. Some Area of Forensic Psychologists’ Expertise

51. How to Understand Criminal Baehaviour

52. Nexus Between Criminology and Forensic Psychology

53. Collaborative Efforts of Criminologists and Forensic Psychologist

54. Overview of Criminal procedure in Nigeria

55. Overview of Criminal procedure in Nigeria

56. Conclusion

57. Recommendations