critical thinking and ref writing.pptx for nursing

critical thinking and ref writing.pptx for nursing

1. Prepared By: Zarish Gameria Nursing Instructor (RN, BSN)

2. By the end of this presentation, the learners will be able to : Define critical thinking and reflection Recognize the factors affecting critical thinking Understand the importance of critical thinking and the process of reflection Describe critical thinking in Nursing and in today’s healthcare system Identify strategies that enhance critical thinking Accept the challenge to think critically in every class OBJECTIVES 10/8/2 12 2

3. SCENARIO 1 10/8/2 12 3 I have done a colostomy dressing a dozen of times; I followed all the steps of the protocol exactly as I always do. Afterwards I even checked out the text book the nursing student left on the unit counter and it says to do exactly what I did. So I am asking why it didn’t work and leaking again and again (Marium, Senior RN ). What concepts related to critical thinking are involved in this situation? What did you learn from this scenario?

4. SCENARIO 2 10/8/2 12 4 A Chinese woman had to sign an informed consent form for a hysterectomy. The patient spoke no English and the hospital staff relied on her bilingual son to serve as the interpreter. When the son explained the procedure to the mother, he appeared to be translating accurately and indicating the proper body parts. His mother signed the consent form willingly. The next day, however, when she learned that her uterus had been removed and she could no longer bear children, she became very angry and threatened to sue the hospital. What concepts related to critical thinking are involved in this situation? What did you learn from this scenario?

5. In a secondary care govt. hospital of a developing nation, 10 newborn died within 12 hours. The investigation lead that the facilities are minimal and the location of the hospital is very far from city site. The population there is not that educated. What concepts related to critical thinking are involved in this situation? What did you learn from this scenario? SCENARIO 3

6. “ Disciplined self - directed thinking . . . ” “ (Thinking) . . . which exemplifies the perfections of thinking. . .” The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking (1987,n.p ) WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING 10/8/2 12 6

7. In “everyday” language: Thinking “outside” the box Thinking about thinking Unlimited ” thinking Divergent thinking “The intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information.” The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking (2008, n.p) WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING 10/8/2 12 7

8. Critical Thinking In Nursing • A composite of attitudes, knowledge, and skills that include “defining a problem, choosing information, recognizing stated and unstated assumptions, formulating and selecting relevant and promising hypotheses, drawing conclusions, and judging the validity of the inferences ” ( Hickman, 1993) 10/8/2 12 9

9. Why Health Care Professionals Think Critically? 10/8/2 12 10 Need to: Make accurate and appropriate clinical decisions Solve problems and find solutions Plan care for each unique client and client’s problem Seek knowledge and use it to make clinical decisions and solve the problem Be able to think creatively when planning care for clients

10. Critical Thinking Competencies 10/8/2 12 11 General critical thinking competencies used by many disciplines, in everyday situations. Scientific method Problem solving Decision making

11. Who can think critically 10/8/2 12 12 Parents Nurses T eac h e r s Athletic coaches Doctors Air traffic controllers Military commanders Lawyers Judges Supervisors Accountants Day care providers

12. Genetics Age Culture Dislikes Self-concept/Confidence Anxiety / Stress Environmental distractions Factors Affecting Critical Thinking 10/8/2 12 13

13. Critical Thinking Model 10/8/2 12 14 N urses can be helped to make clinical judgments/decisions in their clinical practice that result in safe, effective, nursing care Knowledge base Experience in nursing Critical thinking competencies Attitudes for critical thinking Standards for critical thinking

14. Nursing Process As A Competency Five steps: Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation 10/8/2 12 15

15. STANDARDS 1 Intellectual Standards 10/8/2 12 16 1. Confidence 7. Perseverance 2. Independence 8. Creativity 3. Fairness 9. Curiosity 4. Responsibility 10. Integrity 5. Risk taking 11 Humility 6. Discipline ( Paul,1993)

16. STANDARDS 10/8/2 12 26 Professional Standards Sound ethical standards Critically thinking must have a sense of own values, beliefs, feelings and their clients/client’s family’s values, beliefs, feelings Scientifically based practice with standards developed by experts Evidenced based practice These are minimum requirements that are necessary to give quality effective care

17. “Returning to oneself, mirroring one’s actions, and professional stance in relation to oneself (self- reflection) and others (collegial reflection)” (Bjork & Kirkevold, 2000,p. 223 ). Constructing and assigning meaning to experiences gives the possibility of looking at experience from another point of view. Reflection can show critical analysis and evaluation of knowledge and skills for role WHAT IS REFLECTION? 10/8/2 12 35

18. 10/8/2 12 Identify own learning needs Direct own learning and develop skills of self-responsibility Develop independence and accountability for clinical practice Provides awareness about own thinking skills Helps to undertake self-evaluation Development of analytical, and critical thinking skill Enhances the ability of problem solving, and builds curiosity and motivation Access own competencies (Fonteyn & Cahill, 1998; Kok & Chabeli,2002 ; Riley- Doucet & Wilson, 1 2 9 3 97). Why Reflection

19. What Are The Strategies For Reflection? 10/8/2 12 38 Personal diaries or journals Clinical logs Case studies Discussion during pre and post-clinical conferences Critical Incident Analysis Process recording (Burns & Bulman, 2000; Ling Lau et al., 2002; Nicholl & Higgins, 2004)

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