Crusades & Black Plague

Crusades & Black Plague

1. The CrusadesThe Crusades
1050-14501050-1450

2. Crusades were carried out by Crusades were carried out by
Christian political and religious Christian political and religious
leaders to take leaders to take control of the control of the
Holy Land from the MuslimsHoly Land from the Muslims..

The “The “Holy LandHoly Land” is the ” is the
Christian term for Christian term for JerusalemJerusalem
Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages
The CrusadesThe Crusades

3. The CrusadesThe Crusades
There are five key events in There are five key events in
the Crusadesthe Crusades

4. The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1
stst
Key Event Key Event
Pope Urban II SpeechPope Urban II Speech – Islamic – Islamic
armies had captured Jerusalem in armies had captured Jerusalem in
637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope 637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope
Urban urged Christians to Urban urged Christians to use any use any
means necessarymeans necessary to take back the to take back the
Holy Land.Holy Land.

6. The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1
stst
Key Event Key Event
Motives were Motives were not strictly religiousnot strictly religious..

He wanted to increase his power, He wanted to increase his power,
heal the great schism between the heal the great schism between the
Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church and the
Roman Catholic Church. Roman Catholic Church.
He also wanted to He also wanted to limit Christians limit Christians
fighting Christiansfighting Christians, which was , which was
common during this time.common during this time.

7. The Crusades – 2nd Key EventThe Crusades – 2nd Key Event
Capture of JerusalemCapture of Jerusalem – In 1099, – In 1099,
Christian crusaders did manage to Christian crusaders did manage to
recapture Jerusalem. recapture Jerusalem.

In the process, they In the process, they slaughtered slaughtered
everyoneeveryone they came across, they came across,
Muslim, Jew, and Christian.Muslim, Jew, and Christian.

9. The Crusades – 3rd Key EventThe Crusades – 3rd Key Event
Founding of the Crusader StatesFounding of the Crusader States

After the success of the First After the success of the First
Crusade and the taking of Crusade and the taking of
Jerusalem, the Christians set up Jerusalem, the Christians set up
four small city-statesfour small city-states called the called the
Crusader States.Crusader States.
County of Edessa, Principality of County of Edessa, Principality of
Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem,
County of TripoliCounty of Tripoli

10. County of
Edessa
Principality of
Antioch
County of
Tripoli
Kingdom of
Jerusalem

11. The Crusades – 3rd Key EventThe Crusades – 3rd Key Event
Despite this early success, Despite this early success,
Muslims continued to fightMuslims continued to fight with with
Christians over this territory.Christians over this territory.
Christians responded by building Christians responded by building
huge, huge, fortress castlesfortress castles to defend to defend
themselves.themselves.

14. The Crusades – 4th Key EventThe Crusades – 4th Key Event
Loss of Jerusalem to SaladinLoss of Jerusalem to Saladin in in
1187. Saladin was a Muslim 1187. Saladin was a Muslim
general who retook the city.general who retook the city.
Unlike the Christian crusaders, Unlike the Christian crusaders,
Saladin gave fair warningSaladin gave fair warning to to
anyone that he was invading, and anyone that he was invading, and
he allowed both Christians and he allowed both Christians and
Jews to live in peace in the city.Jews to live in peace in the city.

15. The Crusades – 5th Key EventThe Crusades – 5th Key Event
Sacking of Constantinople by Sacking of Constantinople by
Western CrusadersWestern Crusaders

In 1204, during the 4In 1204, during the 4
thth
Crusade Crusade
(there were 7 major crusades and 4 (there were 7 major crusades and 4
or 5 minor ones), Venice sent or 5 minor ones), Venice sent
Crusaders to attack Constantinople.Crusaders to attack Constantinople.
Now why would they do that?Now why would they do that?

17. The Crusades – 5th Key EventThe Crusades – 5th Key Event
Venice was a trading town. Its Venice was a trading town. Its
biggest competitionbiggest competition was from was from
Constantinople. Constantinople.

Crusaders asked the Venetians to Crusaders asked the Venetians to
transport themtransport them to the Holy Land. to the Holy Land.

Venetians convinced them to take a Venetians convinced them to take a
detour first.detour first.

18. The Crusades – 5th Key EventThe Crusades – 5th Key Event
Venetians convinced the Crusaders to Venetians convinced the Crusaders to
sack the city. sack the city.

Crusaders did successfully attack the Crusaders did successfully attack the
citycity and they stole everything that wasn’t and they stole everything that wasn’t
nailed down, and some stuff that was!nailed down, and some stuff that was!

Today, the best Today, the best Byzantine artByzantine art can be can be
found in Venicefound in Venice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=liPMRLO_GpIv=liPMRLO_GpI

21. Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades
1.1.Weakened the PopeWeakened the Pope and nobles and nobles
but strengthened the kings and but strengthened the kings and
monarchs.monarchs.
2.2.Stimulated tradeStimulated trade through the through the
Mediterranean world and the Mediterranean world and the
Middle EastMiddle East

22. Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades
3.3.Left a legacy of bitternessLeft a legacy of bitterness among among
Christians, Jews, and Muslims Christians, Jews, and Muslims
(and this bitterness still survives (and this bitterness still survives
to this day!)to this day!)
4.4.After the 4After the 4
thth
Crusade, the Crusade, the
Byzantine Empire is left very Byzantine Empire is left very
weak.weak.

23. InvasIons of the InvasIons of the
Late MIddLe agesLate MIddLe ages

24. three types of InvasIonsthree types of InvasIons
1.1.MongolMongol
2.2.OttomanOttoman
3.3.InfectiousInfectious

25. MongoL InvasIonsMongoL InvasIons
Mongols, you’ll Mongols, you’ll
remember are from remember are from
north of Chinanorth of China

26. MongoL InvasIonsMongoL InvasIons
•They moved out from They moved out from
Mongolia and Mongolia and invaded Russia, invaded Russia,
China, and Muslim statesChina, and Muslim states in in
Southwest Asia destroying Southwest Asia destroying
cities and countrysidecities and countryside
•Created a new empire.Created a new empire.

29. ottoMan InvasIonsottoMan InvasIons
•Ottoman Turks Ottoman Turks
conquered the conquered the
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
•
In 1453, they In 1453, they
sacked the city of sacked the city of
Constantinople, Constantinople,
renaming it renaming it
IstanbulIstanbul..

30. ottoMan InvasIonsottoMan InvasIons
Istanbul Istanbul
became the became the
capitalcapital of the of the
Ottoman Ottoman
Empire.Empire.
What is this architectural
achievement?!??!

31. InfectIous InvasIonsInfectIous InvasIons
•In the 14In the 14
thth
century, the century, the Black DeathBlack Death
or or bubonic plaguebubonic plague decimated decimated
(wiped out) large portions of the (wiped out) large portions of the
populations of Asia and then populations of Asia and then
Europe.Europe.
•
Carried by Carried by fleas on ratsfleas on rats from from
ChinaChina
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

33. InfectIous InvasIonsInfectIous InvasIons
The impact of such a The impact of such a
large loss of lifelarge loss of life
reverberated throughout reverberated throughout
the region.the region.

35. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
Loss of population which Loss of population which
caused…caused…
Scarcity of laborScarcity of labor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA6v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA6
6545C9BCE6545C9BCE

37. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
Loss of people and Loss of people and
subsequent labor also subsequent labor also
caused caused trade to declinetrade to decline..

39. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
Towns were no longer Towns were no longer
bound by their feudal bound by their feudal
obligationsobligations

40. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
The ChurchThe Church, unable to , unable to
give a satisfactory give a satisfactory
response to large scale response to large scale
death, death, lostlost a great deal of a great deal of
influenceinfluence..