CS 712 (Network Security and Management)-Question.pptx

Write the names of network switching subsystems in wide area cellular network?�

1. Answers question Sir Sulman

2. Write the names of network switching subsystems in wide area cellular network? MSC : Mobile switching center VLR: Visitor location register HLR: Home location register EIR: Equipment identification register

3. Write the GSM Network components and interfaces? MS: Mobile Station TE: Terminal equipment MT: Mobile terminal MSC: Mobile switching center SGSN: Supporting GPRS serving node GGSN: Gateway GPRS supporting node

4. Define the spectrum frequency for line-of-site in IEEE 802.16 standard? IEEE 802.16 is defined for line-of-site (last mile) spectrum of 10–66 GHz.

5. Which technique allows for the use of available channel resources in fixed wireless network ? Fragmentation and packing at the MAC layer allows for efficient use of available channel resources

6. Show the working of fixed area network through diagram? fixed area network

7. Define the spectrum frequency for non line-of-site in IEEE 802.16a standard? IEEE 802.16a extends its capability to non-line-of-site spectrum of 2–11 GHz

8. Write the factors of complexity in radio propagation? Its depending on the distance between the transmitter and receiver, the temperature, the surrounding material and mobility

9. What we called the use of the unlicensed band? The use of the unlicensed band called ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical)

10. Which technologies use of spectrum for low power ranges? BluetoothTM (IEEE 802.15.1) and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) are some of the technologies making use of spectrum for low power ranges.

11. Define the 3 characteristics of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB)? its emissions are at extremely low power UWB signal is below the noise floor. It can penetrate through hard surfaces and provide very high data rates for very short distances

12. Write the two generic APIs provided by network in Bluetooth at L2CAP? Two generic APIs provided by the network are telephony control protocol specification (TCS) and service discovery protocol (SDP)

13. Define 2 responsibilities of Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol Layer? This layer establishes, manages, and terminates logical connections for applications. It takes care of such details as QoS requirements of data, adaptation of data between application.

14. Define four standards specified by ETSI? HIPERLAN/1 (isochronous traffic) HIPERLAN/2 (BRAN) HIPERLAN/3 (Remote ATM access) HIPERLAN/4 (ATM interconnect)

15. Which technique used in PHY (HIPERLAN) for bandwidth management? The PHY uses TDMA/TDD for bandwidth management

16. In link adaptation algorithms who control the decision to change the channel? The measurements can be made by MT and AP, but the decision to change the channel is in control of the AP

17. Write the names of sub layers of Data Link Control Layer in HIPERLAN? MAC Radio Link Control (RLC Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Error Control (EC)

18. How mobility can be handled in broad band access network? In any wireless network, mobility can be handled simply because the signal is available in a three dimensional geographical area A wireless terminal connected to another wireless terminal or a base station tower can move around as long as both stay within the same antenna beam.

19. Show the managed mobility and Inherent mobility through diagram? diagram

20. Define IEEE standards and its ranges for mesh architecture in BWAC Network? The IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.16s suite of standards provide point-to-multi point and mesh architectures in the frequency range of 10–66 GHz and 2–11 GHz, respectively.

21. Which factors distinct IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.20 standards? The main differences will be with PHY and mobility management

22. Define IEEE standard and its mobility area for MBWA network? IEEE 802.20, has started looking for a new network architecture for mobile broadband access networks with very high mobility (up to 250km)

23. Why we use Mobile IP? Mobile IP is a protocol to be used with the existing Internet to allow a user terminal to be attached at a different point from its home network

24. How home network of the mobile terminal works? The home network of the mobile terminal has a router that performs the function of home agent to keep the information of user’s current location and forward, packets to that location.

25. When a mobile terminal enters a visited area, what is required? When a mobile terminal enters a visited area, it requires the services of a foreign agent. The foreign agent provides registration and packet-forwarding services to the visiting terminals.

26. What is required for performing mobility in mobile IP network? A mobile IP network consists of a home agent and a foreign agent, which perform the functions of mobility

27. Write names the three mechanisms of IP packet exchange? ( 1) discovering the care-of address (2) registering the care-of address with the home agent (3) the home agent redirecting the received datagram's to the foreign network using care-of address.

28. The mobile IP is a wireless protocol or not? The mobile IP is not a wireless protocol, however, it could be employed for the IP infrastructure of the cellular networks.

29. What is Bit Error Rate and how it is calculated? The rate at which errors occur in the transmission of digital data. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studied time interval. It is unit less.

30. What is delay spread? In telecommunications, the delay spread is a measure of the multipath richness of a communications channel.

31. What is the difference between ad-hoc and infrastructure mode in IEEE 802.11? Ad-hoc mode is also known as “peer-to-peer” mode. Ad-hoc networks don’t require a centralized access point Most Wi-Fi networks function in infrastructure mode. Devices on the network all communicate through a single access point, which is generally the wireless router

32. In cellular networks, how simultaneous users over the same channel are achieved? Using VLRs in each area and the HLR in the network switching centre and Frequency Re-Use.

33. What is the maximum data rate supported by a GSM system? The maximum data rate supported by a GSM system is 9.6 kbps

34. What do you mean by ARFCN? The Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) is a unique number given to each radio channel in GSM. The ARFCN can be used to calculate the exact frequency of the radio channel

35. Define any three antenna types used in radio frequency? Dipole , Monopole, Array , Loop , Aperture, Yagi etc

36. What is SNR? Signal-to-noise ratio (abbreviated SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise

37. What unit is used in cellular network transmission? decibel (dB)

38. What is the main difference between EVDO and EVDV? EVDO is used for high-speed data transmissions and is the most popular in CDMA high-speed data phones. EVDV is the next generation of cell phones, unsing VOIP to handle calls instead of today's traditional methods

39. What is UMTS Chip transfer rate 3.84

40. What is an access point? In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP) is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi compliant device to connect to a wired network

41. How can we use a CDMA SIM in a WCDMA slot? It  will  "NOT" work.  WCDMA  is simply UTMS cellular technology. The name is confusing because the standard borrowed some bandwidth access features from  CDMA  technology, but WCDMA  is part of the GSM standard. There is no relationship between  CDMA  technology and  WCDMA .

42. What is the difference between analog and digital modulation? Analog modulation: Modulating signals are continuous analog signals like audio, voice, video etc. Digital modulation: Modulating signals are discrete 1 and 0s or bit streams from computing system.

43. Write the addressing mechanism in LAN interconnection? (a) Unicast addressing; (b) Multicast addressing; (c) Broadcast addressing.

44. Define architectural components of wireless LAN? The main architectural components consist of the capabilities of medium sharing, signal transmission and link management.

45. Define the working of Physical Layer Components of WLAN? It deals with the mechanical, electrical, functional, procedural, and signaltransmission characteristics of the physical interface between a terminal and network.

46. Why Signal Conditioning is used in WLAN? The signal conditioning is done to maximize the bandwidth utilization and make it possible for the receiver to easily recognize signals

47. Write the methods name of Interference-Reduction Mechanisms? Method 1: Limiting Radiation Power Method 2: Using Spread Spectrum (SS) Techniques Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

48. Write the types of Multiple access in (MAC) Layer Components? Packet Division Multiple Access (PDMA ) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA ) Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA ) Data Division Multiple Access (DDMA ) Code Division Multiple Access ( CDMA )