CS8078-Green Computing Unit-1

CS8078-Green Computing Notes Unit-1 R17

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--- 88078 GREEN COMPUTING

UNIT: FUNDAMENTALS

Green it Fundamentals: Business, IT and the Environment t

‘Green Computing: Carbon foot print, Scoop on power

Green it strategies: Drivers, Dimensions, and Goals - Environmentally Responsi
Business: Policies, Practices, and Metrics.

2. INTRODUCTION

+ Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use
‘of computers and their resources,

+ tis also defined as the study of designing, manufacturinglengineering, using and
disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact.

+ His also called as Green IT

HISTORY

+ Green comparo was Origraod in 1992
Site US Enwonmenal Prison
‘Agony na aurenes Energy Star
program

+ Shorty arta he am “Green
Complang wes cored

ENERGY STAR (>

3. WHY IS GREEN COMPUTING REQUIRED?

* Impact of Electricity to the Environment
+ Uses lot of electricity
+ Impact of Toxic waste to the Environment

GREEN IT

+ Groen IT stands for Green Information Technology.

+ Information Technology is essentially the design, implementation and management of
‘computers that both individuals and businesses use.

+ The Green IT is composed of wo things:
* Minimizing ho negative impact o information technology use onthe environment
+ Using information technology to help solve environmental issues

4. WHY GREENS IT ?

+ Rising energy demand with a more limited supply and increasing utility costs

+ Management of hazardous waste and electronic equipment disposal (e-waste)

+ Increasing gasoline costs, which crive up employee commuting costs leading to retention

+ Increasing real estate costs

+ Rising airline ticket costs and travel complexities

+ Astronger regulatory climate atthe federal, state and local levels

SOURCES DANGER TO ENVIRONMENT

LEAD

MERCURY

CADMIUM

Used in soldering of
printed circuit boards.
lead can cause damage
tothe central and
peripheral nervous
system , blood systems
and kidneys.

Used in batteries,
switches . Mercury
spreads out in water
‘transforming into
‘methylated mercury that
can cause chronic brain
damage

Used in resistors for
‘chips and in
semiconductors .
Cadmium is classified as
toxic, these compounds
accumulate in he human
‘body, particularly the
kidneys,

5. GREEN SOURCES

BAMBOO ECO-FRIENDLY
PLASTICS FLAME
RETARDANT
Ris becoming Computers are There are flame retardant

increasingly popular for
making casings for

constructed from non:
recyclable plastics. ie,

silicone compounds
available that are flame

GREEN SOURCES 4
INVENTORY VOLUME
MANAGEMENT REDUCTION
AA Er
a re
en, lhe

process and the amount

fof excess raw materials

6. : ENERGY CONSUMPTION L

onu a um © Moor atte >

A complete desktop uses an average of 200 Wat/hours (Wh)
+ A Laptop uses an average of 100 Watthours (Wh)

? ALTERNATIVES

REMOTE WORKING

E-WASTE RECYCLING

NES”

USING ENERGY STAR.
LABELLED PRODUCTS. CLOUD COMPUTING

7. GREEN COMPUTING

* Green computing is the practice of using computing resources
efficiently.

= Designing , manufacturing and disposing Computer, servers with
no impact on the environment.

= To reduce the use of Hazardous materials, maximize energy
efficiency during product's lifetime.

WHY GREEN COMPUTING?

= Computer energy is often wasteful
* Leaving the computer on when notin use

= Printing is often wasteful
+ How many of you printout your emais or meeting agendas
* Pollution
+ Due to manufacturing, packaging, disposal techniques

= Toxicity
* Due to toxic chemicals involved in the manufacturing

8. GREEN COMPUTING: CARBON FOOTPRINTS

* Latest research states that by the end of 2020 carbon emission
footprints will increase by 20%.

= This emission is mainly taking place due to Data Centers used
to achieve the cloud computing architecture.

= Data centers and new technology adoptions are mainly
causing this carbon emission.

= These Data Centers uses cloud energy to serve the user
generated request and this energy consumption is the basic
cause of carbon emission.

GREEN COMPUTING: CARBON FOOTPRINTS [a

= The Fusion-io, which is fastest manufacturer of the solid state
devices in the world, conducted a case study to reduce the
carbon footprint by replacing their multiple heavy load servers
and retiring all the extra number of servers previously in
operation.

= The results had shown that total 80% of carbon footprint was

reduced as well as the performance and speed was noticeably
optimized than before.

9. GREEN COMPUTING: CARBON FOOTPRINTS

+ As the hard drives have become cost effective than earlier the backup and storage of online
‘data has boon increased which resulted into more power consumption.

“Hence, researchers are focusing on saving the online data in larger arrays while not
‘compromising on the performance leelo reduce the power consumption.

+ Replacing petroleum-based plastics wih bio-plastics can reduce the carbon emissions upto
a massive evel as the bi-plastics generate lot less toxic emissions.

+ Bio-plastcs are plants-based polymers and they offer less oll and energy consumption

‘+ The major chalonge in using plans based polymers is hat important measures are needed to
obtain a certain temperature for these polymers otherwise they will melt down,

+ The displays that are high power-eaters should be replaced with less power consuming displays
Lo. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED).

GREEN COMPUTING: CARBON FOOTPRINTS [a

"Using solid state or flash memory instead of hard drives can
reduce the energy consumption up to 10% because larger
number of moving parts of hard drives can cause larger
consumption of energy.

10. GREEN COMPUTING: CARBON FOOTPRINTS |

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GREEN COMPUTING: SCOOP ON POWER

+ Terminal servers
= Shared memory

+ Power management

* Storage Management

+ Video card

+ Display

= Computer multitasking

* Parallel Processing in Computers
* Software Pipeline

t

10

11. GREEN COMPUTING: SCOOP ON POWER /

+ Terminal servers
+ Terminal savers ao wey used 1 coat veal Ins or he clots or example LTSP and Terminal Serves for
Windows
+ Shared memory
* Shared memory minimizes he processing compley and alo cats eae for computations as thee is nly one
ca copy of ho ata oa he progra
+ Power management
‘The AGP (Advanced Cortiguration and Pome Ita) is tbe newer vorn of anther ol power contol standard
API (Advanced Power Maragemen by Wie Mesa
+ Storage Management
+ Physical larger harddrive consumos mor power han physcaly male hard dies 0925 inches fom face.
may sito her corsumpin a ower and ager amount of hat generated.

‘Alas GPU can ac a most power-hungry compone as compare ns ote nos
For lin power reduction or are afew ops avala fr expe:
* Say "no" 1 wo card Dest ag stare or a shared terminal can pro to spy
| Motherboard video output = Réqures power Ino use as 10 campromae on 30 pariomance.
+The GPU shout bo selected on the basis of performance por wat d

GREEN COMPUTING: SCOOP ON POWER /

= Display
+ Tre poner consumption general higher for CRT monitor nd ioe for LCD monitors
me ont emtin dudes (LED) se les amour of EE as compared e Homes Dubs
= Computer multitasking
tasking‘ the process of executing mulipl tasks wile sharing the same sat of actual
+ Parallel Processing in Computers
> Parte paces the process of executing task oF mare than one task using mile
processors
+ Paral! processing is ud ooptinize tho speed a each ac is being processed witout it
cachar
+ Software Pipeline
+ Appeine is a sequence ol processing elements in wich he oupu al one element seves as the
input nen semen.
+ Th inormalen Denen es elements conveyed into format bs, yes or et

a

12. GREEN IT STRATEGIES ‘

"Green strategies outline a long-term and unified approach of an
organization toward environmental responsibilty
«The green strategic approach considers both internal and external
organizational characteristics, including its structure, dynamics,
macroeconomic incentives, compliance constraints, and the need to
align corporate social responsibility with mainstream corporate business.
+ Example, incorporating RFID tags inthe supply chain will not only help the organization
manage its inventories better, but wil also open up opportunities to reduce its
carbon footprint due to reduced material wastage.

GREEN IT STRATEGIES '

“Drivers
«Dimensions
"Goals

12

13. GREEN IT STRATEGIES: DRIVERS a

= Green IT is the systematic application of practices that enable
the minimization of the environmental impact of IT.

*Maximize efficiency and allow for company-wide emission
reductions based on technology innovations.

*Green IT is supposed to significantly decrease the
environmental footprint of the IT industry and to foster
environmental innovations in other industry sectors.

+ The most important driver for the implementation of Green IT
measures is the reduction of operational costs.

GREEN IT STRATEGIES: DRIVERS \

= The three primary green IT
drivers
1. Reducing operational costs
2. Being socially responsible
3. Complying with Fedueng operational

Drivers

government regulations wo
so ° am | 66 | 23
menos | 120 | vow [on | 20m | 28

14. GREEN IT STRATEGIES: DRIVERS a

otvation Driver ‚Sour
Economie a) Cost savings
‘opportunities |b) Revenu growth Accenture (200): sal & Roth 2000) ServerCensouns
l) Prevent resource restrictions (2009; Marwan & Auselis (209): at & Nisin (2003): Info»
ld) Risk reduction Tech 2000, Sinner (200); Zarekow el. (2009); Zara,
fe) Innovation 2008),
ID Repositioning
‘Slakeholder |x) Emission and waste reduclon Accent (2099) Bansal & Roth (2000, «Serer Comat
pressure {h) Reputation (QUID): tty & Winston (QUOI Hare Mili (20) Ito Tech
|) Media attention (209): Nam); Zara al 0009); Za 8)
Tegisation |) Regulatory compliance Hay & Winsen (200) Harmon & nel (200); Hae &
lo Lositimacy Miia 2003) a ec (209) Zeta 2008)
aia motves|) Corporate citizenship
In) Top management ‘ns & Roth (2000), Non (2007), Zar (2008)
I) Company values

(Overview of drivers of Green iniotes

GREEN IT STRATEGIES: DIMENSION

+ Strategy implies choice, priority, and focus and comes along with trade-off
decisions.
+ The environmental strategies are subdivided into two dimensions:
1. Competitive Advantage dimension
"Firms can either pursuit a low-cost strategy by reducing their
operational costs through environmental initiatives, or they can
strive for competitive differentiation based on a superior, sustainabilty-
related value proposition.
2. Competitive focus dimension
Determines whether the environmental investments are targeted at
internal organisational processes or at market-oriented products
and services.

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Generic competitive environmental strategies

+ The eco-efficiency strategy aims at the minimization of waste, by-products and emissions. In
this way, the production efficiency can be enhanced and costs can be reduced.

‘Although initiatives that allow for a reduction of the environmental footprint and
simultaneously come along with cost savings are attractive for virtually every frm, tis strategy
proves to be particularly appropriate for mass volume producers with intense industrial

processing.

+ The beyond complance leadership strategy concenvates on organisaional processes as
wel, bul te compete advantage soot in ciferntton rather Inn in cos redueons

q

GREEN IT STRATEGIES: GOALS eo

+ Green IT strategic planning includes due considerations
lo the business goals of the organization, its
demographic characteristics, its existing approach in

the context of Green IT as also its maturity in terms of
Green IT
+ The philosophy behind a green strategy can be
+ risk, associated with growth;
+ social, non-profit
+ careless, without any strategy; and
+ the lean-inteligent, balanced one

15

16. GREEN IT STRATEGIES: GOALS {

= Two viewpoints need to be treated together.

1. One is not exclusive to the other, although both, in
their own right, provide a major insight into the
market-driven economies that mast of the word is
now used to,

2 Second viewpoint underscores the need for
intelligent utilization of environmental capital in a
Way that wil result in production of wealth capital

GREEN IT STRATEGIES: GOALS =
“IT energy use and ‘Does Your Organization
A acc

Green T Goals?

measurable green IT

Options Percant

goals. ves—mensuale | 15% | [ie pa
+ (0.9. reduce electícal usage [unten
by 25 percent over the next oigo arm | [Nobutwepionto | 1
a, me inchenear future
No. ETS [Re EZ

16

17. GREEN IT STRATEGIES {

Business requirements

aaa = à

ler =>

strategy

a es >

SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY
BUSINESS STRATEGY

ZN

ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS: POLICIES [a

10 Ways to Encourage an Environmentally Responsible Business
Implement a recycling program

Conserve energy within the office

Promote a paperless office

‘Support green vendors

Reduce by reusing

Invest in office plants

Conserve human energy

Encourage sustainable transportation

Get outside and volunteer

10. Make green thinking a key par of your company culture q

18. ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS: PRACTICES

Solar power

Encourage a minimalist company culture
Grass roots for insulation

Go paperless or use recycled paper
Compost bins

Cycle to work schemes,

Endorse remote working

‘Avoid using plastic cutlery

‘Switch your search engine (eg: hitos /www.ecosia,org/ Mats a too fr ever 45 sah)

t

ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS: MATRICS

e ji?

18

19. ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS: MATRICS c

+ Environmental metrics are designed to assess the environmental impact of technology or activi.
‘Such impacts are primarl related to using natural resources (llecycie INPUTS) and generating
waste and emissions (ltecycle OUTPUTS),

+ The ultimate sustainabilty goal is to minimize the environmental impacts due to using non-
renewable resources and minimizing waste and pollution.

* Since the complete elimination of these impacts is hardly possible (any technology has its
environmental costs) itis also important to evaluate the rate at which environment can absorb
the impacts and become remediated.

i

ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS: MATRICS

Amount of water consumed in the process of extraction,
Water use m’ processing, manufacturing, maintenance and use of the
product

Land area required (not available for other needs) for
acre extraction, processing, manufacturing, use, and disposal
‘of the product

‘Sum of all energy inputs to produce the product. This
J. metric may include both technological and natural
transformations.

Embodied energy
(Live energy)

‘Sum of all energy spent to produce the product, extract

Totallitecycto 7 u andprocess he nial materials, use the produc, and
Geposs of tho waste
Environment mee related to Hecyce inputs q

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20. ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS: MATRICS É

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REFERENCES {

+ oran Una, Green Saupe an Apleatore Un Eurormentalnepanco, CRC Pres, uo 2014

pen teurer making hemos pren à

+ tnpssnweesouchgate nalen 27616260 A Comprononso sity on Clout roan, Computing To Pasac
Caton Fong. Dig Cs

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+ tigen soagonggree er I/O armar sport paces yc tenet clarin 2020

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+ pa un secan au dame nada 68

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