ct angiography and pre and post scans by WAQAS MAHMOOD RIT 6TH SEMESTER.pptx

CT ANGIOGRAPHY

1. CT ANGI OGRAPHY PRE AND PO ST SCANS PREPARED BY WAQAS MAHMOOD RIT 6 TH SEMESTER 21-08-2024 23-FA-00675

2. INTRODUCTION CT ANGIOGRAPHY. CT angiography is a type of medical test that combines a CT scan with an injection of a special dye to produce pictures of blood vessels and tissues in a part of your body. The dye is injected through an intravenous (IV) line placed in your arm or hand.

3. What is the difference between a CT angiogram and a conventional angiogram? CT angiography is fast, non-invasive and may have fewer complications compared to conventional angiography. CT angiography may provide more precise anatomical details than other angiography exams such as conventional catheter angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

4. Types of Angiography And modalities Coronary angiography – to check the heart and nearby blood vessels. Cerebral angiography – to check the blood vessels in and around the brain. Pulmonary angiography – to check the blood vessels supplying the lungs. Renal angiography – to check the blood vessels supplying the kidneys.

5. How is CT angiography done? A computed tomography (CT) angiogram is a test to view your blood vessels and tissues. During the test, your provider injects a dye that highlights your blood vessels and tissues. Then your provider takes a CT scan, a specialized X-ray, to view the highlighted areas.

6. REQUIREMENTS FOR CTA PATIENT PREPARATION CONTRAST MEDIUM ADMINISTRATION ACQUISITION OF PARAMETERS(   kV, mAs , spiral pitch, the number of phases of each exam, and the scan length). POSTPROCESSING TECHNIQUES

7. PREPARATION OF PATIENT Do not eat or drink for 6 to 8 hours before the angiogram. Be sure you have someone to take you home. ... Understand exactly what procedure is planned, along with the risks, benefits, and other options. Tell your doctor ALL the medicines and natural health products you take . Informed Consent Lab reports

8. CONTRAST MEDIUM ADMINISTRATION

9. CONTRAST PARAMETERS VOLUME OF CONTRAST-ml RATE ml/sec (3- 5 ml/sec) TIME OF INJECTION –sec SCAN DELAY TIME – sec ORAL CONTRAST (WATER NEGTIVE CONTRAST) CONTRAST ADMINISTRATION AND SCANING METHOD BOLUS TRACKING BOLUS TIMING MANUAL PRESET TIME

10. What type of contrast is used in CTA? Iodine-based and Gadolinium-based . Iodine-based contrast materials injected into a vein (intravenously) are used to enhance.

11. RISKS AND REACTIONS

12. ACQUSITION OF PARAMETERS USUALLY ROUTINE CT PRECEDES A CTA EXAM. THE ROUTINE EXAM IS USED AS A REFERENCE SCAN HELPINGTO DETERMINE THE SCANING RANGE OF CTA. 1 . Slice Thickness (. Slice Thickness Spatial Resolution ) SLICE THICKNESS 1. CERBARAL CTA 1 MM (LOWER mA) 2. ABDOMINAL CTA 3 MM 3. THORACIC CTA 3 MM

13. SPIRAL PITCH (PITCH SPATIAL RESULOTION ) (UP TO 2 ) KVP,mA , TIME (Similar to non-CTA exam of the same body part) RECONSTRUCTION INTERVAL (50 % OVERLAP )

14. PRE AND POST SCANS

15. What is pre and post contrast CT scan? Using contrast material can also help to obtain functional information about tissues. Often, images are taken both with and without radiocontrast. CT images are called pre-contrast or native-phase images before any radiocontrast has been administered, and postcontrast after radiocontrast administration.

16. Pre contrast scans Pre-contrast scans are performed to identify any existing calcifications, hemorrhages, or abnormalities before the contrast agent is administered. The scans provide a baseline image, which helps in distinguishing between normal and pathological findings in the post-contrast phase.

17. Post contrast scans These scans are done after administering a contrast agent to enhance the visibility of blood vessels. The contrast medium improves the delineation of vascular structures and helps in detecting pathologies like stenosis or aneurysms. Enhanced images show the blood vessels clearly, making it easier to detect abnormalities.

18. Why might I need a CT angiogram? The most common reason to have a CT angiogram is to see if you have narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. But your healthcare provider may use a CT angiogram to diagnose any condition involving your  blood vessels , including: Aneurysms, irregular bulges or widening of your blood vessels. Atherosclerosis  (fatty plaques that build inside blood vessels). Coronary artery disease . Pulmonary embolism .

19. Risks of Coronary CT Angiograms Itching. Redness. Hives. Nausea. Difficulty breathing. Kidney failure. Very slightly increased chance of cancer, from the radiation exposure, particularly if you have multiple scans over many years.

20. AUTO MATED ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM SMART PREP CARE SURESTART

21. CARE BOLUS

22. SMART PREP

23. BOLUS TRACKING A bolus-tracking technique that involves continuous cine scanning through a limited volume of brain tissue with a scan interval of 1 second and a total scanning duration of 40 to 45 seconds.

24. TRACKING SLICE

25. BOLUS TRACKING –CAROTID

26. CIRCLE OF WILLIS The  circle of Willis  is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures 

27. RENAL ARTRIES 25-30 SECS

28. ABDOMINAL AND FEMORAL RUNOFF

29. CARDIC CT TWO TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE CARDIC MOTION ARTIFACTS IN CT PROSPECTIVE TRIGGERING Prospective ECG gating is  a newer technique in which the tube current is triggered for only a short segment of the R-R interval at a preset time after the R wave . Consequently, radiation is emitted every alternate heartbeat and the table moves without radiation being emitted during the intervening heartbeat RETROSPECTIVE GATING allow faster continuous cardiac volume coverage, improved z-axis resolution, and imaging of the entire cardiac cycle for functional analysis

30. SCANING DURING RR INTERVALS AND RETROSPECTIVE ECG GATING

31. CARDIC CT PROCEDURES CARDIC ANGIOGRAM A  coronary angiogram  is a test that uses X-rays to look at the heart's blood vessels, called the coronary arteries. CALCIUM SCORING calcium is a marker of CAD, the amount of calcium detected on a cardiac CT scan is a helpful  prognostic  tool. The findings on cardiac CT are expressed as a  calcium score . Another name for this test is coronary artery calcium scoring. CARDIO ANGIOGRAM PERFORMED WITH CONTRAST INJECTION 4-5 CC/SEC AND 150 CC TOTAL VOLUME CALCIUM SCORING NO IV CONTRAST USED

32. CARDIC ANGIOGRAM

33. CALCIUM SCORING

34. 3D-VISUALIZATION TOOLS IN CTA MPR(MULTIPLANER REFORMATIOM) MIP(MAXIMUM INTENSTITY PROJECTION) SSD(SHADED SURFACE DISPLAY) VR(VIRTUAL REALITY) CINE (

35. CASE STUDY PATIENT NAME :- MUNDAN BIBI HISTORY HYPERTENSION + DM + VOMITING ON/OFF DROWSINESS

36. PLAIN SCANS

37. ANGIO

38. 3-D SCANS

39. POST SCANS